大学英语阅读电子教案第一级.doc

大学英语阅读电子教案（第一级）Unit 2 Starting CollegeI. Lesson objectivesIn this unit, the students are expected to Revise words and ideas treated in Comprehensive EnglishPractice faster reading skillsRead extracts from a book about life and schooling in the USLearn more about how to learn effectively -grade 9-12- are more popularly called “high school”.2) Roman Catholic A Roman Catholic is a person who is a member of the Roman Catholic Church, which is the part of the Christian religion ruled by the Pope in Rome.3) As American as apple pie Apple pie is a typical American food. “ as American as apple pie” means typically American.4) He now earns almost $ 40,000 a year -enough to afford a comfortable home, but barely enough to keep a daughter in College, too: The money he earns is enough to cover the daily expenditure of the family, but not enough to pay for the daughters college expense. barely: by the smallest amout, almost not, hardly5) Cindy has a brother, Jimmy, who is sixteen. Jimmy 是 brother 的同位语；who is sixteen 是修饰brother 的非限定性定语从句。6) He now earn almost $ 40,000 a year-enough to afford a comfortable home, but barely enough to keep a daughter in college, too. 由破折号引出对前部分内容的进一步解释。 此处破折号的作用相当于which is.Part 2 Cindy: the all-American girl (2)I. Notes and sentence structures.1) yellow school bus American school buses are usually painted yellow.2) She graduated in the second 20% (second quintile) os her class. 百分之二十是五分之一。此处是把班里同学按成绩优劣分为五档。Cindy 属于第五档， 虽不是最好，但也不错，相当于我们所说的 “中上等” 。因此，文中提到 She was a fairly good students.3) get drivers education at school Courses in American high schools are divided into required core courses and elective courses. Students are guided by school counselor in choosing elective subjects, bearing in mind the relevant credit requirement.4) Music accompanies her social event, and often is the event. 动词“accompany” 和 “is” 同为主语 “music” 的谓语，后半部分相当于 “music often is the event”. 朗读时应重读 “is”.5) American teachers can evaluate students work with a letter grade, a percentage , or a point value ranging from zero to four. The following shows the various measurements correspond: LETTER/ % / POINT EVALUATION A / 91-100 / 4 Excellent B / 81-90 / 3 Good C / 71-80 / 2 Average D / 61-70 / 1 Poor F / 0-60 / 0 FailingIII. Key to exercises in Students Book Faster reading: Quick comprehension check 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. F 8. T 9. F 10. T Multiple choice questions 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. A Discussion 1. What in Cindys opinion are the most important problems facing America today? Cindy feels that inflation is the greatest domestic problem. Pollution, overuse of nonrenewable resources such as oil, and the courts, leniency towards criminals are also serious problems 2. In what was is Cindy similar to a young woman starting College in China, and in ways is she different? Similarities - goes to college directly out of high school - shows concern about politics -loves watching TV Differences: -Cindy can get a federal Guaranteed Loan to help pay her university expense. But in Chinas, universities largely rely on government funding. For the part of that students should pay, the burden is usually on parents shoulders. Recently some forms of bank loans are being introduced and will come into wider use in the near future. But there is no government guarantee with the loans. Borrowers should be able to meet the guarantee requirements themselves. - Chinese university girls will not watch TV several hours everyday as many of them dont have a TV in the dorm and they usually too busy to do that. -Few Chinese University girls are religious. - Mathematics is a compulsory core subject in Chinese high school; no student can drop it. Part 2 Cindy: the all American girl (2) Faster reading: Quick comprehension questions 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. T 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. F Short answer questions 1. Why did Cindy go to so many school? Because her parents were mobile and moved around from job to job. 2. What sometimes happened after she turned seventeen? Her parents sometimes allowed her to drive to school. 3. When she graduated, was she average, above average or below average? She was above average because she was in the second 20% of her class with a solid B average. 4. What are Cindys three main interests in life? Driving, music and social life 5. What did Cindy and her parents “fight” about? They fight about the volume of music. They would like her to turn th stereo down as they always found it too loud. 6. What sort of music is her favorite? Rock and roll 7. What is one advantage she now has in college? She can play her music as loud as she likes in the dorm. Discussion In group, discuss the following questions: 1. Do you think that young people in the U.s. seem to be allowed too much freedom? Positive answer: Yes. Young people in the U.S. seem to be allowed too much freedom because: - many American parents believe that schools tolerate too much rudeness and incivility, such as the amount of swearing and other “uncivil” behaviors; appropriate standards of behavior are neither modeled nor monitored; - a certain number of young people have a wak sense of law, causing social disorder with drug-taking, gun-keeping and an increasing number of campus violence. Negative answer: -No. young people in the U.S. are only enjoying a kind of relative freedom. Compared with the Chinese young people, they are allowed much more freedom, but we cant say it is “too much” freedom: -Their educational system allows them the freedom to think for themselves and make their own decisions. -They are encouraged to use their initiative to lrearn to study and work independently, and to develop imagination to be creative. -They are taught to argue and challenge. -But everybody has to behave within the limits. There are limits for smoking, drinking and car driving. And there are all kinds of riles and laws. -Their school disciplines are not as strict as ours and the study load of the students is not as heavy. -Campus violence is quite shocking, but does not happen very often. 2. Many people think that there are too many cars on the roads, causing pollution, and not enough public transport, like buses. What do you think? Positive answer: Yes. I agree with the view because: -Tail gas is an important contributor to air pollution. The increasing number of cars in cities is making urban air pollution more and more serious. -the lack of a convenient public transport system is one of the reason for people to buy cars. -Public transport, like buses or underground railway, has a large capacity in carrying more people. -With a large population, especially in urban areas, the development of public transport system will naturally slow down the increasing rate of car ownership negatives answer: No. I dont agree with the view because: -It is not fair to blame cars so much for urban pollution. The development of cars is a natural step in the development of economy and our car industry is of vital important to our national economic reform. -Cars are fast, convenient and comfortable whereas buses are slow, crowded, dirty and nowadays not very safe. Many people go to work in their own cars not because there is not enough public ttransport but because they are either too busy or too trich to take buses. -As far as pollution is concerned, more and more new ways of solving the problem of pollution should be worked out instead of reducing the number of cars. 3. What is your favorite kind of music? Classic, or pop, rock and roll, jazz, folk, opera.Unit 3 Language and culture Lesson objectives Revise words and ideas treated in Comprehensive English Practice faster reading skills Read article about words, and food in the US Learn about “throw-away words”, and practice word inference skills practice scanning for informationII. Notes and sentence structures Sinbad (辛巴德also Sinbad the Sailor) The rich merchant of Bag bad in ancient Arabian folk tale collection the Arabian nights, who, according to the tales, made 7 naval expeditions. In fact, this character was based on the story of Ma Samba, who was renamed Cheng Ho.2) Situation Comedy (情景喜剧） A comedy drama, esp. a television series involving discreet episodes about the same group of people, family members, ect.3) A company that recruited you for a new job last year may, this, year, “decruit” you-no prizes for guessing what that means! recruit: (美国英语）“淘汰，调整雇员” 的意思。这是近年来产生的词， 由前缀de+cruit 构成， “de” 是一个表示否定的前缀。 破折号后插入语的意思是： 即使你猜出这个词的意思也是白搭， 也就是说， 不会因为你知道这个词的意思而不解聘你.4) user-friendly: （计算机用语）方便用户的（也指电脑程序容易使用的），使用方便的，简易的。5) It might be a change in technology It might be a change in the job-market 这里， might 表示可能性， 语气比may 委婉一些。6) More difficult to understand is the American car factory tried to “sell” the idea of 5000 workers being laid off work by using the expression “ Career Alternative Enhancement Program”. to be laid off work 是“下岗” 的意思。但是，这个美国汽车工厂为了辩护自己的形象，把解雇职员称为“拓宽择业渠道计划” ，这是使用委婉语的一个例子。7) Future historians will try to stay on-message as they read about home shopping, and lonely-hearts ans., yuppies and yummiest. lonely-hearts=lonely hearts, 指那些通过找介绍人，参加特建的俱乐部或在报刊上刊登征友启事等办法寻找异性朋友的人.Part 2 Food Whatever language we speak, we are constantly developing new words to express new aspects of our developing culture. whatever 由 what + ever 构成， ever起加强语气的作用。 Whatever “无论什么” 引出让步从句， 相当于“no matter what”. “疑问词+ever” 构成的词还有whoever, whenever, whichever, wherever, etc. 例：whatever I do, I do it for you. whenever it is possible, he tries to help.2) In English, most people think that Sinbad is the name of a sailor who had lots of adventures, the hero of many Arabian folk tale. 句中的the hero of many Arabian folk tales 为Sinbad的同位语， 进一步说明前面中心词Sinbad 的内容。 同位语前后多半有逗号，冒号，破折号或引号。 3) Language is constantly changing-perhaps, these days, faster than ever. perhaps, these days为插入语用于 表示说话者或作者对句子表达的意思的态度， 或附加说明， 但在语法上却和句子其它成分无关， 所以多半用逗号或破折号与句子的其它成分分开。 4) You should not burp, or slurp, at the table, although blowing ones nose is perfectly all right. In western culture, it is considered impolite or rude to burp or slurp at the table. But in China, burping and slurping at the table is sometimes taken as a sign of showing satisfaction. 5) With bread rolls, we break off and butter one small piece at a time, having first transferred an adequate supply of butter from the butter dish to our own butter plate. Never stick your hand or your fork into a serving dish. 吃西餐时， 公用餐具和每个人的餐具分得很清楚。 一般不用自己的勺或叉 去取公用盘子里的食物， 而应先用公用的勺 或 叉 取一些食物到自己的碗里或盘子里。 6) My Chinese friends as amazed to hear of a father and two brothers who went out to dinner and split the check three ways. split the check=go Dutch, 就是自己付自己的饭钱， 或成为AA制。Split the check three ways 即三人平分III. Key to exercises in Students BookPart 1 More about wordsFaster reading: Quick comprehensive check1.A 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. C short answer questionsAnswer the following questions as briefly as you can:1.What is a) a dinky? b) a Sinbad? c) a sitcom? a) A dinky refers to a couple with Double Income, No kids b) A Sinbad is someone who has a Single Income, No Boyfriends-and is Absolutely Desperate to find one. c) A sitcom is a person who has a Single Income, Two Children, and an Oppressive Mortgage.2.What happens if someone is a) bookmarked? b) down dated? a) If someone is bookmarked, his phone number will be taken down for future date. b) If someone is down dated, hell be forgotten as unsuitable for a data.3. Explain “adolescent”. Where does the word come from? An “adolescent” is an adult who tries to hang on to his youth, but who is old enough to know better. This word is coined by adding the latter part of the word “adolescent” to “adult”.4. This text mentions three new words from computer technology. What are they The three words are: user-friendly, laptop-computer, e-mails5. The text also mentions at least three new words that have come from changing work conditions. What are they?and what do they mean? They are: dump: the Destitute Unemployed Mature Professional downsize: to be smaller in number or in scale presenters: to stay for a longer and longer hours in the officeDiscussion 1. Which of the new words mentioned in this text do you think are likely to last-and which do you think will be forgotten in twenty years time? It is hard to tell which of these new words will remain in use. It depends on how fast and in what direction the society changes. Some of the new words die out as time passes because the things they represent no longer exist in the society or are replaced by other words as needs arise.Part 2 FoodFaster reading: Quick comprehensive check1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F 9. T 10. FMultiple choice questions1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. B 8. AScanning 1. In what way do people in England eat differently from people in the U.S.A.? People in the U. S. eat nearly everything with a fork. If something has to be cut up, you switch your knife to the right hand, do your cutting, holding the item in place with the fork in the left hand, then lay down the knife (on the side of the plate), switch the fork back to the right hand, stab the bite-sized piece with the fork, and eat. People in England prefer the efficiency of keeping the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right.2. What should you do with your knife and fork after you have finished a dish? When you have finished a dish, you should lay the knife and fork side-by-side on the right hand side of the plate.Discussion In pairs or groups, list the things mentioned in the text that you find surprising. v Raw vegetables can be eaten with the fingers.v One should never stick ones fork into a serving dish.v The mouth must not be lowered to meet the fork re the spoon.v One should not pick his/her teethv One must finish eating before replying even if someone suddenly asks if you realize that your wife is having an affair Unit 4 The art of study In this unit, you will1. Revise words and ideas treated in Comprehensive English2. Practice faster reading skills3. Read articles about building up ones study skillsI. Cultural Notes 1. The University of Nottingham A well-established British university with its prime emphasis on research and particularly research that is relevant to industry, commerce and professions. It is now paying increasing attention to the life skill requirements of its students in its curriculum development. It is also developing programes for staff training in learning and teaching.2. Degree programes Programmes in British university that offer study to a recognizable standard of knowledge and application regarded as appropriate for students of higher education. They may be biology or history, or combination of subjects. In the test, a degree programs e refer to a speciality for graduate students studying for a BA degree.II. Sentence structures1) It is of course possible to get a good degree, even from a top-class university ,and not necessarily have all-round skills necessary for operating in employment and everyday situations (para.5)句首的it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语to get a good degree 该句型有时用for (of) +逻辑主体+不定事短语。例如：It was considered impossible for me to succeed.It 后面的位于动词除了be, become, take外, 还可以用其它动词,例如cost, seem, feel, make, give, do, remain 等。如：it cost me five yuan to fix my watch.此句后半部分与前部分为并列关系,相当于and they dont necessarily have to have all-round skills necessarily for operating in employment and everyday situations.2) even if we doubled the number of students tested who achieved level 3 on our testsjust bellow the minimum level required by employers two-thirds of first year students would not achieve these minimum level (para.7) 复合连词even if (即使)引出让步状语从句,也可用even though, 从句用的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气(注意doubledwould的用法) tested 作后置定语，修饰前面的students，相当于student who were tested；关系代词who引出定语从句，也修饰前面的student, require作后置定语,修饰前面的minimum level, 相当于minimum level which is required by employers. Just below the minimum level required by employers 进一步说明前面level 3, 起同位语作用。3)The government is now considered ways in which training in these skills can be built in to every degree programme offered（para.11） 由介词in + 关系代词which 构成的介词短语在定语从句中作状语。（试比较：The government is now considering ways，and in these ways training in these skills can be built in to every degree programme offered）类似句型：The materials in which there are many free electrons are called conductors. (试比较:The materials are called conductors, and in the materials there are many free electrons.)III. Vocabulary BuildingWord formation employable (employ+able): e.g. loveable, acceptable, bearable, respectable achievement (achieve+ment): e.g. movement, development, and amusementeffectively (effectively): e.g. lovely, kindly, cowardly, motherly, monthly d