英语定语从句.ppt

英语特训之定语从句,Wanghao,英语特训之定语从句,英语特训之定语从句,被定语从句所修饰的词或句子,关系词作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.关系词的意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。Therearemanyplacesthatwecanvisit(it)inChina.,关系代词：who,whose,whom,that,which,as关系副词：when,where,why,that,英语特训之定语从句,英语特训之定语从句,二要变,三要提前,一要看,Doyoulikethebook,TheLordoftheRings?Youboughtthebooklastweekend.,Doyoulikethebook,TheLordoftheRings?Youboughtthat/whichlastweekend.,Doyoulikethebook,TheLordoftheRingsthat/whichyouboughtlastweekend?,四要减,Doyoulikethebook,TheLordoftheRings(that/which)youboughtlastweekend?,步骤,确定定语从句的步骤,Doyoulikethebook,TheLordoftheRings?Youboughtthebooklastweekend.,英语特训之定语从句,Illneverforgetthedaysthatwespenttogetherwithyou.IllneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.判断对错：ThisisthemountainvillagethatIstayedlastyear.ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.Potatocanbegrowninplaceswhereitistoocoldtogrowrice.IvegotsomepersonalaffairsthatIhavetodealwith.,判断,关系代词与关系副词的选用,方法一,用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词：及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词；而不及物动词则用关系副词。,英语特训之定语从句,Isthismuseum_youvisitedafewdaysage?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theoneIsthisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone变为肯定句：Thismuseumis_youvisitedafewdaysago.Thisisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld.,准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、定、状)，也能正确选用关系代词或关系副词。,方法二,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where，when，why),英语特训之定语从句,练一练吧：用定语从句组合下面几组句子：A:(a)Wemetthenewminister.(b)Hehadbeeneducatedatthesameschoolasmyuncle.Wemetthenewminister,whohadbeeneducatedatthesameschoolasmyuncle.B:(a)Inthe1950s,alotofmarchestookplace.(b)Theblacksdidnthaveequalrightsatthattime.Inthe1950s,whentheblacksdidnthaveequalrights,alotofmarchestookplace.C:(a)WhenIwasayoungboy,Ilivedinasmalltown.(b)Therewerenoschoolsinthetown.WhenIwasayoungboy,Ilivedinasmalltown,wheretherewerenoschools.D:(a)ThenextcityisHangzhou.(b)Wearegoingtovisitthecity.Thenextcitythat/whichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou.,英语特训之定语从句,改正句子中的错误:1.Hereisthepenyoulostityesterday.2.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.3.Thisisthevillagewheremyfatherworkedinthreeyearsago.4.Thereasonwhyhegaveussoundedalittlestrange.5.IllneverforgetthedayonwhichIspentwithyou.6.Isthisfarmwevisitedlastyear?7.Thoseatthedeskwanttobuyticketswritedownyournames.8.Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold.9.MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool.10.Imgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.,英语特训之定语从句,英语特训之定语从句,whom,who,whose,which,as,that,英语特训之定语从句,指代人的名词或代词who作主语；whom作宾语；that主语宾语皆可eg.Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（who/that在从句中作主语）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）Thetourwasmadeby30people,allofwhomenjoyedit.,英语特训之定语从句,whose用来指人或物只用作定语；若指人，可以与ofwhom互换；若指物，可以同ofwhich互换eg.Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.thecarofwhom.Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.thecoverofwhich.,英语特训之定语从句,所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时可省略。只用that作关系词的情况：a)在不定代词：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。b)先行词有theonly,thevery修饰时，只用that。c)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。d)先行词既有人，又有物时只用that。不用that作关系词的情况：a)在引导非限定性定语从句时，只能用which。b)介词后不能用that，只能用which。,英语特训之定语从句,eg.Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearedinthecountrysidelastyear.（主语）Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.（宾语）Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.Thisistheonlybookthatyoucanborrow.Elephantsarethebiggestanimalsthatliveonland.Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.Thedistrict,whichhasthebesthousing,iscalledChaoyang.Isthisthebookinwhichyouareinterested?,英语特训之定语从句,as,which引导非限定性定语从句，可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。as一般放在句首，which在句中。eg.Asweknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.不同之处主要有两点：(1)as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。(2)as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；否则，关系代词只能用which。,英语特训之定语从句,典型例题：1）Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he2）Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,and_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.as3）Itrainedhardyesterday,_preventedmefromgoingtothepark.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it,英语特训之定语从句,where,when,why,that,英语特训之定语从句,when,where,why在句中分别代替时间状语，地点状语和原因状语。eg.Thereareoccasionswhenonemustyieldinhislife.BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedouroffer?,英语特训之定语从句,that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why，在口语中that常被省略。eg.Hisfatherdiedtheyear(that/when)hewasborn.Heisunlikelytofindtheplace(that/where)helivedfortyyearsago.,英语特训之定语从句,英语特训之定语从句,介词后面的关系词不能省略。that前不能有介词。某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。eg.ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?,英语特训之定语从句,what/whatever;who/whoever;that/whatwhat=sth.that;whatever=anythingthateg.What/Somethingthatyouwanthasbeensenthere.Whatever/Anythingthatyouwantmakesnodifferencetome.2)who=thepersonthat;whoever=anyonewhoeg.Who/Thepersonthatrobbedthebankisnotclear.Whoever/Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.*Whoeverrobbedthebankisnotclear.*Whobreaksthelawwillbepunished.,英语特训之定语从句,3)that/whatthat引导定语从句时，用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。定语从句中作宾语及宾语从句中的that可省略。what=sth.thateg.Thisistheonlybook(that)youcanborrow.Ithink(that)youwilllikethestamps.What/Somethingthatweneedismorepractice.,英语特训之定语从句,-Wheredidyougettoknowher?-Itwasonthefarm_weworked.(山东,07)A.thatB.thereC.whichD.whereItwassometime_werealizedthetruth.(山东,05)A.whenB.untilC.sinceD.beforeItwasalongtheMississippiRiver_MarkTwinspentmuchofhischildhood.(天津,08)A.howB.whichC.thatD.whereItwasnotuntilmidnight_theyreachedthecampsite.(重庆,08)A.thatB.whenC.whileD.asItwasinNewZealand_ElizabethfirstmetMr.Smith.(全国II,08)A.thatB.howC.whichD.whenImsorryyouvebeenwaitingsolong,butitllbesometime_Briangetsback.(北京,08)A.beforeB.sinceC.tillD.after,Itis/was+被强调部分+that/whoeg.Itwasonthefarmthatwegottoknoweachother.Itwasnotuntilhecamebackthatwegotthenews.,英语特训之定语从句,Itisapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.Itisnotdecidedwhowillbeinchargeoftheproject.,英语特训之定语从句,-Whendidyougettoknowher?-Itwasin1996whenwewerestudyinginShanghai.Itisthehousethattheschoolgivestoyouinrewardforyouexcellentwork.ItwasthebigfarmwhereIworkedaboutfiveyearsago.,英语特训之定语从句,Itwillbe/was+一段时间+beforeIthasbeen+一段时间+sinceeg.Itwillbetwoweeksbeforeeverythingreturnstonormal.Itwasntlongbeforehebecameabravesoldier.Ithasbeenthreeyearssincetheymovedhere.,英语特训之定语从句,-Wheredidyougettoknowher?-Itwasonthefarm_weworked.(山东,07)A.thatB.thereC.whichD.whereItwassometime_werealizedthetruth.(山东,05)A.whenB.untilC.sinceD.beforeItwasalongtheMississippiRiver_MarkTwinspentmuchofhischildhood.(天津,08)A.howB.whichC.thatD.whereItwasnotuntilmidnight_theyreachedthecampsite.(重庆,08)A.thatB.whenC.whileD.asItwasinNewZealand_ElizabethfirstmetMr.Smith.(全国II,08)A.thatB.howC.whichD.whenImsorryyouvebeenwaitingsolong,butitllbesometime_Briangetsback.(北京,08)A.beforeB.sinceC.tillD.after,英语特训之定语从句,英语特训之定语从句,Occasionsarequiterare_Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.(山东,08)A.whoB.whichC.whyD.whenItwashardforhimtolearnEnglishinafamily,inwhich_oftheparentsspokethelanguage.(北京,08)A.noneB.neitherC.bothD.eachIwillgiveyoumyfriendshomeaddress,_Icanbereachedmostevenings.(北京,08)A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where*_wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.(浙江,08)A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who,英语特训之定语从句,*Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfrom_theirparentsspeakathome.(浙江,08)A.whatB.thatC.whichD.oneYesterdayshesoldhercar,_sheboughtamonthago.(浙江,08)A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which*TheEnglishspokenintheUnitedStatesisonlyslightlydifferentfrom_spokeninEngland.(全国I,08)A.whichB.whatC.thatD.theoneThegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,_arebeyondourcontrol.(湖南,08)A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat,英语特训之定语从句,*Ashisbestfriend,Icanmakeaccurateguessesabout_hewilldoorthink.(上海,08)A.whatB.whichC.whomD.thatWewentthroughaperiod_communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.(上海,08)A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhichTheywillflytoWashington,_theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.(重庆,08)A.whereB.thereC.whichD.when*TomorrowisTomsbirthday.Haveyougotanyidea_thepartyistobeheld?(陕西,08)A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where,英语特训之定语从句,Them