必修一第一单元Grammar

ShesaidthathernamewasAnneFrankandherfamilywasJewish.,MynameisAnneFrankandmyfamilyisJewish.,MyfamilyandIarehidinginAmsterdam.,ShesaidthatsheandherfamilywerehidinginAmsterdam.,MyonlytruefriendisKittymydiary.,ShesaidthatheronlytruefriendwasKittyherdiary.,Afterhidinghereforalongtime,Ivebecomecrazyaboutnature.,Shesaidthatafterhidingthereforalongtime,shehadbecomecrazyaboutnature.,Annesaid:“MynameisAnneFrankandmyfamilyisJewish.”(Directspeech),ShesaidthathernamewasAnneFrankandherfamilywasJewish.,引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一是原封不动地引用原话,把它放在引号内,这叫直接引语(Directspeech);一是用自己的话加以转述,这叫间接引语(Indirectspeech).,1.Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.”,1.Sheoftensays(that)allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.,2.“Ilikereadingstories,”saidJohn.Johnsaidthathelikedreadingstories.3.“Idontlikecars,”Sarahsaidtohim.Sarahtoldhimthatshedidntlikecars.,直接引语里的第一人称和第二人称，变间接引语时，人称要做相应调整。1.Shesaid:“Iamhungry.”Shesaidshewashungry.2.Mumsaidtome:“Youcandoityourself.”MumtoldmethatIcoulddoitmyself.3.Mr.Smithsaid,“Heisagoodworker.Mr.Smithsaidthathewasagoodworker.,1.人称的变化,1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat_lookedworriedthatday.2.Wesaidtoher,“Theyrecleaningtheroom.”Wetoldherthat_werecleaningtheroom.3.Mr.Blacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongway.”Mr.Blacksaidthat_hadwalkedalongway.,I,they,he,2.时态变化,直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。,Hesays:“Itreatyouasmyson.”Hesaysthathetreatsmeashisson.,1.主句为一般现在时,现在完成时或一般将来时的时候,间接引语时态不变。,一般现在时“Iknowit,”hesaid.,一般过去时Hesaidheknewit.,2.当主句为过去时,从句要跟着相应的变化。,现在进行时“Immakingcoffeeforyouall,”shesaid.,过去进行时Shesaidshewasmakingcoffeeforusall.,现在完成时“Ihaveseenherbefore,”saidhe.,过去完成时Hesaidhehadseenherbefore.,现在完成进行时Hesaid,“Ihavebeendoingitforhours.”,过去完成进行时Hesaidhehadbeendoingitforhours.,一般过去时“IsawherlastMonday,”hesaid.,过去完成时HesaidhehadseenherthepreviousMonday.,一般将来时Hesaid:“Weshallstarttomorrow.”,过去将来时Hesaidtheywouldstartthenextday.,过去完成时“Rickhadbeenillformanydaystillhedied.”Jacksaid.,过去完成时JacksaidRickhadbeenillformanydaystillhedied.,一般现在时现在完成时现在进行时一般将来时一般过去时,一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时,过去完成时过去进行时,不变,1.“Itisreallycold,”shesaidtome.Shetoldmethatit_reallycold.,was,2.“IdontwanttogotherewithAlice,”saidTom.,Tomsaidthathe_wanttogotherewithAlice.,didnt,3.Theboysaid:“Iwillbeapilot.”Theboysaidthathe_apilot.”,wouldbe,4.Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtomusic.”Tomsaidthatthey_music.,werelisteningto,5.Mikesaid,“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.”Mikesaid_hishomework.,hehadfinished,直接引语,间接引语,时间状语,nowtodaythisweekyesterdaylastweekfourdaysagotomorrownextmonththedayaftertomorrowthedaybeforeyesterday,thenthatdaythatweekthedaybeforetheweekbeforefourdaysbeforethenextdaythenextmonthintwodaystimetwodaysbefore,3.其他变化,直接引语,间接引语,指示代词,地点状语,方向性动词,this,that,these,those,here,there,come,go,bring,take,Theyasked,“Isiteasytosolvetheproblem?”,Theyasked,if/whether,itiseasytosolvetheproblem,was,Theyaskedifitwaseasytosolvetheproblem.,Heasked,“Whendoyouharvestthewheat?”,Heasked,when,youharvestthewheat.,weharvested,Theyaskedwhenweharvestedthewheat.,1.“Idontknowtheaddressofmynewhome,”saidAnne.,Annesaidthatshedidntknowtheaddressofhernewhome.,2.“Ivegottiredoflookingatnaturethroughdirtycurtainsanddustywindows,”Annesaidtoherfather.,Annetoldherfatherthatshehadgottiredoflookingatnaturethroughdirtycurtainsanddustywindows.,3.“Ineedtopackupmythingsinthesuitcaseveryquickly,”thegirlsaid.4.“Whydidyouchooseyourdiaryandoldletters?”herfatheraskedher.,Thegirlsaidthatsheneededtopackupherthingsinthesuitcaseveryquickly.,Herfatheraskedherwhyhadchosenherdiaryandoldletters.,5.Motheraskedherif/whethershewasveryhotwithsomanyclotheson.6.Margotaskedherwhatelseshehadhiddenunderherovercoat.,“Areyouveryhotwithsomanyclotheson?”Motherasked/saidtoher.,“Whatelsehaveyouhiddenunderyourovercoat?”Margotaskedher.,7.Anneaskedherfatherwhentheywouldgobackhome.8.FatheraskedAnnewhyshehadtalkedsomuchtothatboy.,“Whenshallwegobackhome?”Anneaskedherfather.,“Whydidyoutalksomuchtothatboy?”FatheraskedAnne.,由直接引语转变为间接引语，下列情况时态不变:,Theteachersaidthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0.,Theteachersaid:“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0.”,1.不变的真理,2.经常的习惯：,Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”,Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.,3.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用：,Theteachersaid,“Iwasbornin1945.”,Theteachersaidshewasbornin1945.,4.部分情态动词,如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等：Shesaidtome:“Youmusthurryup.”ShesaidthatImusthurryup.,5.时刻表。按时刻表会发生的事情。Hesaid,“Thetrainleavesat7:30p.m.”Hesaidthatthetrainleavesat7:30p.m.,1.Theteacheraskedthegirl,“Whyareyoucryinghere?”Theteacheraskedthegirl_crying_.2.“Whenwilltheplanetakeoff?”Iwondered.Iwondered_.,whyshewas,th