[课件]高考英语-阅读理解专题--推理判断题

,ReadingComprehension,Howtodealwithquestionsofinference,阅读推理判断题,推断题分类,1.看透文章的表面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索-推理的前提和基础。2透过现象看本质，通过分析、综合、判断，进行符合逻辑的推理。,3忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。4善于全面分析，切忌片面思考。,推理判断题,解题思路,1.Questionforms:Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.Fromthetextweknowthatismostlikely.Whatthewriterreallymeansis.Thewritersuggeststhat.Thestoryimpliesthat.Wecaninfer/concludefromthepassagethat.这类题干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude等标志性词语。,一、如何推断隐含意义,2.技巧点拨1)全面分析2)忠实原文3)不要选择表层信息,1.Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalledthedeathwatchbeetle.Thesoundofthisbeetle_.A.pleasedpeople.B.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.,Itissaidthatpeopleshouldtakealessonfromtheclock.Theclockpassesthetimebykeepingitshandsbusy.Peoplewhodowhattheclockdoesalsopassthetimebykeepingtheirhandsbusyandnotbysleepingthetimeaway.Youcantellthatbusypeople_A.actlikeclocks.B.sleepthetimeaway.C.dontdowhatclocksdo.D.donthavehands.,2.,SeveraldifferentbisonspecieshavelivedontheNorthAmericancontinentsincetheIceAge;todayonlytwoexist.Thewoodbisonisthelargerofthetwo,andisnowfoundmostlyinwesternCanada.BetterknownintheUnitedStatesisthePlainsbison,orbuffalo.Atonetime,herdsoftheseanimalscouldbesighedalmosteverywherefromtheAppalachianMountainsintheEasttotheRockyMountainsintheWest.Theauthorimpliesthatseveraltypesofbison_.A.liveoutsidetheUnitedStatesandCanadaB.arewelladaptedtoswampyterrainC.existedbeforetheIceAgeD.havebeenkilledorhavediedout,3.,notmentioned,4.Whenyoumakeapromisetolivebyyourbeingvalues,itbecomeseasiertomakeconscious(慎重的)choicesratherthanreactionary(反动的)ones.Ifyourusualpatternistotalkaboutyourproblems,youcouldchoosetothinkandactlikeacalmperson.Acalmpersonmightgoforawalk,orsetatimelimitbeforeresponding.Ifyourusualpatternistoworry,youcouldchoosetoactlikearesponsibleorwisepersonWhatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Havingvaluesarebetterthanbeingvalues.Acalmpersondoesnotchoosetocomplain.Thewayotherpeoplethinkofyoudecideswhoyouare.Aresponsiblepersondoesnotcareaboutfinancialsecurity.,二、如何推断作者观点和态度：,positivenegativeapprovaldisapprovalobjectivesubjectiveoptimisticpessimisticindifferentreservedneutralunbiasedcriticaldoubtfulsarcastic/ironic,积极的，肯定的,消极的，否定的,赞成的,不赞成的,客观的,主观的,乐观的,悲观的,漠不关心的,保留意见的,中立的,无偏见的，公平的,批评的,怀疑的,讽刺的，挖苦的,1.Questionforms:Thewritersattitudetowardis_.Thewriterthoughtthat_.Accordingtotheauthor_.,2.技巧点拨注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，才能推断出作者的态度。,5.Whyisntyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行贿)，anddeath.Frankly，Imsickofallthisbadnews.Thisauthorsattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform,6.（江西卷）Justascryingcanbehealthy,notcryingholdingbacktearsofanger,painorsufferingcanbebadforphysicalhealth.Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure,heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses.Ifyouhaveahealthproblem,doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry.Butwhenyoufeellikecrying,dontfightit.Itsanaturalandhealthyemotionalresponse.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Cryingisthebestwaytogethelpfromothers.B.Fightingbacktearsmaycausesomehealthproblems.C.Wewillneverknowourdeepfeelingsunlesswecry.D.Wemustcryifwewanttoreducepressure.,7.Aroundtheworldmoreandmorepeoplearetakingpartindangeroussportsandactivities.Ofcourse,therehavealwaysbeenpeoplewhohavelookedforadventure-thosewhohaveclimbedthehighestmountains,traveledintounknownpartsoftheworldorsailedinsmallboatsacrossthegreatestoceans.Now,however,therearepeoplewholookforanimmediateexcitementfromariskyactivity,whichmayonlylastafewminutesorevenseconds.Iwouldconsiderbungeejumping（蹦极跳）tobeagoodexampleofsuchanactivity.Youjumpfromahighplace(perhapsabridgeorahotairballoon)200metersabovethegroundwithanelastic（有弹性的）ropetiedtoyourankles.Youfallatupto150kilometersanhouruntiltheropestopsyoufromhittingtheground.Itissaidthatabout2millionpeoplearoundtheworldhavenowtriedbungeejumping.Otheractivitieswhichmostpeoplewouldsayasriskyasbungeejumpingincludejumpingfromtallbuildingsanddivingintotheseafromthetopofhighcliffs.,Whydopeopletakepartinsuchactivitiesasthese?Somepsychologists（心理学家）suggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring.Notverylongago,peoplesliveswereconstantlyindanger.Theyhadtogooutandhuntforfood,diseasescouldnoteasilybecuredandlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival.Nowadays,accordingtomanypeople,lifeofferslittleexcitement.Theyliveandworkincomparativelysafeconditions;theybuyfoodinshops;andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill.Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping.Thewriterofthetexthasa_attitudetowardsdangeroussports.A.positiveB.negativeC.neutralD.nervous,8.Whyisntyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行贿)，anddeath.Frankly，Imsickofallthisbadnews.Thisauthorsattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform,解析：作者一是向读者说明这份报纸上只登载坏新闻，如凶杀、行贿受贿和死亡等；二是在字里行间流露出自己的抱怨情绪（对坏新闻厌恶透了），故应选A。,9.Laughingisessentialtokeepyourstresslevelsundercontrol.Withouthumorwewouldfindourselveswithalotofpsychologicalproblems,oronalotofmedicationstokeepusfromgoingcrazy.Thereistoomuchsadnessinthispresentworld.Itdrivespeoplecrazy.Weallneedtofindawaytobypassthesadnessandbringalittlelightintoourlives.So,Ibelieveourbestmedicineistogettogetherandtellsomejokesandhavesomefunlaughingtogether.Whatisthewritersattitudetowardsthepresentworld?A.PositiveB.CriticalC.SatisfiedD.Indifferent,推断作者态度,10.Thetheoriesofmodernpsychologyhavesteppedintoarguethatwemustunderstandtheneedsofourchildren.Childrenarenotjustsmalladults;theyarechildrenwhomustberespectedassuch.Well,youmaysay,thisisasitshouldbe,andagoodidea.Butthinkfurther.Whathappens?“Education”becomestheresponsibilitynotofteachers,butofpsychologists.Whathappensthen?.Whatistheauthorsattitudetowardthetheoriesofmodernpsychology?A.UninterestedB.TolerantC.SatisfiedD.Critical,推断作者态度,三、如何推断写作目的,1.Questionforms:(1)考查整篇文章的写作目的A.Thewriterspurposeofwritingthispassageisto_.B.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?C.Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto_.,(2)考查某处细节的写作意图A.Thewriterusestheexampleoftoshowthat_.B.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_.C.arementionedinthefirstparagraphto_.,2.常见的写作目的归纳不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的,但写作目的通常有以下三种：(1)toentertainreaders（娱乐读者，让人发笑）(2)topersuadereaders（说服读者接受某种观点）(3)toinformreaders（告知读者某些信息）,常见于故事类的文章。tomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperience,常见于广告类的文章。tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience,多见于科普类新闻报道类文化类或社会类的文章。,3.技巧点拨(1)根据文体类别推断写作目的(2)从写作手法来推断写作目的,11.“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_.A.testthereadersknowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereadersattentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylorsimportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem,12.AyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa,anearbyvillage.Theylivedwiththemansbigfamily-hisparents,hisbrothers,theirwivesandchildren.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparentshome,havingquarreledwithherhusband.Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheart-broken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewomanshome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusbandshome.Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto_.A.showthatelephantsareverycleverB.tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC.showthatwomencaremoreforanimalsthanmendoD.tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife,1.Questionforms:Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom_.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?Thepassageismostlikelyapartof_.,四、如何推断文章出处,2.解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：(1)报纸(2)广告(3)产品说明(4)网络等,13.（全国卷）Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine?Doyouknowwhatismeantby“Takeonlyasdirected?”Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem.Toreducepain,taketwotablets(药片)withwater,followedbyonetableteveryeighthours,asrequired.Fornight-timeandearlymorningrelief(缓解疼痛)taketwotabletsatbedtime.Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty-fourhours.Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold,givehalftheamount.Forchildrenundersixyearsold,askyourdoctorsadvice.Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine.Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma_.A.textbookB.newsreelC.doctorsnotebookD.bottleofmedicine,14.Morethan30,000driversandfrontseatpassengersarekilledorseriouslyinjured（受伤）eachyear.Ataspeedofonly30milesperhouritisthesameasfallingfromathirdfloorwindow.Wearingaseatbelt（安全带）saveslives;itreducesyourchanceofdeathorseriousinjurybymorethanhalf.Thereforedriversorfrontseatpassengersover14inmostvehiclesmustwearaseatbelt.Ifyoudonot,youcouldbefinedupto$50.Itwillnotbeuptothedriverstomakesureyouwearyourbelt.Butitwillbethedriversresponsibility（责任）tomakesurethatchildrenunder14donotrideinthefrontunlesstheyarewearingseatbeltofsomekind.However,youdonothavetowearaseatbeltifyouarereversing（倒退）yourvehicleoryouaremakingalocaldelivery（发送）orcollectionusingaspecialvehicle;orifyouhaveavalidmedicalcertificatewhichexcusesyoufromwearingit.Makesurethesecircumstances（情形）applytoyoubeforeyoudecidenottowearyourseatbelt.Rememberyoumaybetakentocourtfornotdoingso,andyoumaybefinedifyoucannotprovetothecourtthatyouhavebeenexcusedfromwearingit.Thistextistakenfrom_.A.amedicalmagazineB.atrafficpolicereportC.anadvertisementD.agovernmentinformationbooklet（小册子）,Morethan30,000arekilledorseriouslyinjuredeachyear.,youcouldbefinedupto$50,Rememberyoumaybetakentocourtyoumaybefined,2.解题技巧推测下文的内容：根据作者的思路进行推理，特别是最后两三句话。推测上文的内容：关注第一段，特别是文段开始的几句话。,五推断上下文内容,Questionforms:Thenextparagraphwouldmostprobablydealwith_Theparagraphprecedingthisonewouldmostlikelydiscuss_.,15.Whenearlyhumanshuntedandgatheredfood,theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment.Theycouldonlyinteractwiththeirsurroundingsaslowerorganismsdid.Whenhumanslearnedtomakefire,however,theybecamecapableofalteringtheirenvironment.Toprovidethemselveswithfueltheystrippedbarkfromtrees,causingthetreestodie.Clearingswereburnedinfo