送东阳马生序ppt

11送东阳马生序,写给东阳晚辈马君则的一篇赠序。东阳，今属浙江。生，长辈对晚辈的称呼。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.了解有关作者的文学常识及本文的文体特征；积累文言词汇，掌握常用的文言实词、虚词。（重点）2.反复诵读，理解文章内容，把握主题，领会其现实意义，体会文章中对比手法的运用。（难点）3.学习古人勤勉治学、不怕吃苦的精神，培养正确的苦乐观；珍惜现在的优越条件，努力学习。（重点）,学习目标,宋濂（13101381），字景濂，号潜溪，别号玄真子，也称宋学士，浦江（今属浙江）人，元末明初文学家。与高启、刘基并称为“明初诗文三大家”。朱元璋称他为“开国文臣之首”，刘基赞许他“当今文章第一”，四方学者称他为“太史公”。著有宋学士文集等。,作者简介,本文选自宋濂全集卷三十一（人民文学出版社2014年版）。明洪武十一年（1378），宋濂告老还乡的第二年，他应诏从家乡浦江（今属浙江）到应天（今江苏南京）去朝见明太祖朱元璋。其时，正在太学读书的同乡晚辈马君则前来拜访。宋濂了解他是个“善学者”，便写了这篇序，介绍自己的学习经历和学习态度，勉励他珍惜现有良好的读书环境，专心治学。,背景链接,序一种文体，一般用以陈述作品主旨、创作经过等。序有书序和赠序之分。书序比较早，多为叙述著作者的意趣、写作缘起等，如易序太史公自序等。赠序一般是在送朋友远行时所作，内容多是一些安慰、勉励、惜别、祝愿的话。本文是一篇赠序。,文体知识,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,整体感知,朗读课文，读准生字词，借助注释理解文意。,嗜学（）逾（）加冠（）硕师（）叱咄（）负箧（）曳屣（）皲裂（）媵人（）,y,shu,chdu,qi,jn,yn,un,yx,sh,缊袍敝衣（）烨然（）容臭（）俟其欣悦（）谬称（）冻馁（）撰长书（）廪稍（）耄老（）裘葛之遗（）裘葛（）绮绣（）,y,s,mi,ni,ln,mo,xi,zhun,yn,wi,qi,q,余幼时即嗜学。家贫，无从致书以观，每假借于藏书之家，手自笔录，计日以还。天大寒，砚冰坚，手指不可屈伸，弗之怠。录毕，走送之，不敢稍逾约。以是人多以书假余，余因得遍观群书。既加冠，益慕,特别爱好。,没有办法。,得到。,常常。,借。,即“弗怠之”，不懈怠，指不放松抄录书。,跑。,超过约定期限。,因此。,加冠之后，指已成年。古时男子二十岁举行加冠（束发戴帽）仪式，表示已经成人。后人常用“冠”或“加冠”表示年已二十。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,圣贤之道，又患无硕师名人与游，尝趋百里外，从乡之先达执经叩问。先达德隆望尊，门人弟子填其室，未尝稍降辞色。余立侍左右，援疑质理，俯身倾耳以请；或遇其叱咄，色愈恭，礼愈至，不敢出一言以复；,学问渊博的老师。,交游，交往。,疾走，跑。,拿着经书向当地有道德有学问的前辈请教。叩问，请教。,道德声望高。,挤满。,言辞委婉些，脸色温和些。辞色，言辞和脸色。,提出疑难，询问道理。援，引、提出。质，询问。,弯下身子，侧着耳朵请教。表示专心而恭敬。,训斥，呵责。,周到。,回答，答复。这里指辩解的意思。,俟其欣悦，则又请焉。故余虽愚，卒获有所闻。当余之从师也，负箧曳屣行深山巨谷中。穷冬烈风，大雪深数尺，足肤皲裂而不知。至舍，四支僵劲不能动，媵人持汤沃灌，以衾拥覆，久而乃和。,等待。,背着书箱，拖着鞋子。,深冬，隆冬。穷，极。,皮肤因寒冷干燥而开裂。,这里指学舍、书馆。,四肢僵硬。支，同“肢”。,侍婢。这里指旅舍中的仆役。,拿了热水来浇洗。汤，热水。沃，浇。,被子。,暖。,寓逆旅，主人日再食，无鲜肥滋味之享。同舍生皆被绮绣，戴朱缨宝饰之帽，腰白玉之环，左佩刀，右备容臭，烨然若神人；余则缊袍敝衣处其间，略无慕艳意，以中有足乐者，不知口体之奉不若人也。盖余之,穿着华丽的丝绸衣服。被，同“披”。绮，有花纹或图案的丝织品。绣，绣花的衣服。,系帽的带子。,用作动词，在腰间佩戴。,寄居在旅店，店主人每天供给两顿饭。逆旅，旅店。食，供养，给吃。,香袋。气味，这里指香气。,光彩照人的样子。,破旧的衣服。蕴，乱麻。敝，破。,丝毫没有。,羡慕。,因为内心有值得快乐的事，不觉得吃的穿的不如人。口体之奉，指吃穿的供给。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,勤且艰若此。今虽耄老，未有所成，犹幸预君子之列，而承天子之宠光，缀公卿之后，日侍坐备顾问，四海亦谬称其氏名，况才之过于余者乎？今诸生学于太学，县官日有廪稍之供，父母岁有,年老。语出礼记曲礼上：“八十九十曰耄”。,意思是做了官。预，参与。君子，这里指有官位的人。,恩宠光耀。,跟随。,错误地称说我的姓名。这里是自谦的说法。,每天在皇帝座位旁边侍奉，准备接受询问。,指太学生。,我国古代设在京城的最高学府。,这里指朝廷。,公家按时供给的粮食。,裘葛之遗，无冻馁之患矣；坐大厦之下而诵诗书，无奔走之劳矣；有司业、博士为之师，未有问而不告、求而不得者也；凡所宜有之书，皆集于此，不必若余之手录，假诸人而后见也。其业有不精、德有不成者，,冬天的皮衣和夏天的葛衣。,给予，赠送。,饥饿。,都是古代学官名。,即“假之于人”，向别人借。诸，相当于“之于”。,非天质之卑，则心不若余之专耳，岂他人之过哉！东阳马生君则，在太学已二年，流辈甚称其贤。余朝京师，生以乡人子谒余，撰长书以为贽，辞甚畅达，与之论辩，言和而色夷。自谓少时用心于学,同辈。,这里指退休后进京朝见皇帝。,低微，低下。,拜见。,写了一封长信作为礼物。贽，初次进见尊者时所持的礼物。,言辞谦和，脸色平易。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,甚劳，是可谓善学者矣。其将归见其亲也，余故道为学之难以告之。谓余勉乡人以学者，余之志也；诋我夸际遇之盛而骄乡人者，岂知余者哉！,诋毁，毁谤。,夸耀自己的际遇好（指得到皇帝的赏识重用）而在同乡面前显示骄傲。,通假字,四支僵劲不能动同舍生皆被绮绣,同“肢”，肢体,同“披”，穿,重点积累,古今异义,以是人多以书假余,古义：借今义：不真实的,古义：最终今义：士兵,卒获有所闻,古义：跑今义：走路、步行,录毕，走送之,媵人持汤沃灌,古义：热水今义：饭汤、汤汁,尝趋百里外,古义：疾走，跑今义：趋势,古义：两次今义：又一次,主人日再食,古义：这今义：常用作判断词,以是人多以书假余,无从致书以观,古义：得到今义：达到，实现,古义：挤满今义：填充,门人弟子填其室,古义：给予，赠送今义：遗失,父母岁有裘葛之遗,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,一词多义,走送之益慕圣贤之道弗之怠当余之从师也,代词，指“书”,结构助词，的,结构助词，用于主谓之间，取消句子独立性,代词，指“抄书”这件事,介词，因；介词，把,以是人多以书假余以中有足乐者计日以还以衾拥覆无从致书以观,连词，表原因，可译为“因为”,连词，表修饰，可不译,介词，用,连词，表目的，可译为“来”,足肤皲裂而不知久而乃和,连词，表转接,连词，表顺接,门人弟子填其室余则缊袍敝衣处其间,代词，代乡之先达,代词，代同舍的学生,礼愈至至舍,形容词，周到,动词，到，到达,益慕圣贤之道余故道为学之难以告之,名词，学说，主张,动词，说、讲,援疑质理非天质之卑,询问,资质,久而乃和言和而色夷,暖和,谦和,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,又患无硕师名人与游无冻馁之患矣,担心，忧虑,忧患,今诸生学于太学假诸人而后见也,众，各,之于,从乡之先达执经叩问当余之从师也,介词，向,动词，跟从,词类活用,腰白玉之环,名词用作动词，动手；笔，名词作状语，用笔,名词用作动词，穿着旧棉袄、破衣服,名词用作动词，在腰间佩戴,名词用作状语，每天,主人日再食,余则缊袍敝衣处其间,手自笔录,文言句式,省略句：,又患无硕师名人与游省略宾语“余”，正常语序应为“又患无硕师名人与（余）游”,余立侍左右省略介词“于”，正常语序应为“余立侍（于）左右”,寓逆旅（“寓”后面省略介词“于”）,倒装句：,弗之怠（宾语前置，正常语序应为“弗怠之”）,每假借于藏书之家（状语后置，正常语序应为“每于藏书之家假借”）,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.作者是怎样写自己的求学经历的？,抄书之艰（幼年读书的艰辛）,家贫无从致书以观学习条件差（艰苦）,借书抄录（学习的勤奋）弗之怠学习态度好（求学的执着）,对比,研读赏析,从师之难（成年求师的艰难）,未尝稍降辞色老师的严厉,对比师生态度,立侍左右，俯身倾耳平时请教老师的情景,色愈恭，礼愈至老师发怒时他求教的情景,跋涉之苦（求学的艰难）,负箧曳屣，深山巨谷，穷冬烈风，大雪深数尺,足肤皲裂四支僵劲,生活之苦（衣食粗劣、生活简朴）,住：寓逆旅食：日再食衣：缊袍敝衣,对比,苦（贫寒）,同舍生：被绮绣若神人,生活奢侈豪华,2.作者为什么能克服这些困难，而“卒获有所闻”？,依靠精神力量“以中有足乐者”。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,3.作者从哪几个方面写了太学生学习条件优越？,诸生求学,生活条件优越，无冻馁之患,读书环境优越，无奔走之劳,无求师叩问之难,书目齐全，无无书之难,幼时抄书之艰,成年叩问之难,求师跋涉之苦,住读生活之苦,自身经历,对比,通过对比，作者说明了学习条件的好坏，对学习效果没有决定性的影响。成功的重要因素是求学者的态度：要“勤且艰”和“用心专”。,4.作者写此文的原因是什么？试简要概括。,作者写此文的原因：一是马生善于学习；二是马生文章写得好，有文采；三是马生学习用心，不怕吃苦；四是马生与长者谈论时沉稳平和，态度谦恭。,5.作者写自己艰难求学的目的何在？,本文是长辈对晚辈的临别赠言，作者既要使晚辈有所得益，又不宜直接说教，于是现身说法，以自己的亲身经历鼓励马生勤奋学习，这样既含教诲，又怀勉励，读起来亲切感人，有说服力。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,6.学习本文后，我们应该怎样看待学习条件与学习好坏的关系？,学习条件不好，仍然能学好，像宋濂那样；学习条件好，却不一定能学好。学习条件的好坏，对学习能够有所影响，但不是决定性的因素，学习成功的关键，是长期坚持“勤且坚”和“用心专”。,1.现身说法，情谊恳切。,作者勉励马生勤奋学习，没有避讳自己穷苦的求学史，也没有居高临下教训人，完全是以一种平等的、热情诚挚的态度，委婉含蓄地表达出自己的观点，达到劝说的目的。动之以情，晓之以理，读来更加亲切平易，字里行间包含着殷切期望和真诚的鼓励。,写作借鉴,2.运用对比，深刻说理。,本文运用了对比手法，突出文章的主旨。作者通过讲述自己年轻时读书、从师、求学的艰苦经历，与富家子弟的奢华形成鲜明的对比，有力地突出了文章的主题，以此勉励马生勤奋求学、不怕吃苦。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,送东阳马生