名词专项复习完整(中考英语)PPT课件

名词,一、考查重点,可数名词与不可数名词2.名词的作用3.名词的所有格4.名词词义辨析,名词专有名词（如：Tom，China，theUnitedStates,January,Monday),可数,普通名词,物质名词(如water,ice,wood)抽象名词(如:happiness幸福),个体名词(如：teacher教师)集体名词(如：police警察),不可数,考点一名词的数,名词单数的表达一般可用a，an，one来修饰注：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前*abook*anEnglishbook*anhour,flower,flowers,找规律,总结规则,watch,es,factory-factories,leaf-leaves,box,es,NOUN.,可数名词的复数形式1.规则变化(1)一般在词尾加“s”/s/or/z/*dogdogs*bookbooks*capcaps*treetrees(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”/iz/*boxboxes*watchwatches*busbuses*brushbrushes注：stomach/k/stomachs,(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”/iz/*countrycountries*babybabies*factoryfactories*partyparties请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词则只须加“s”*boyboysholiday-holidays*day-holidaysmonkeymonkeys,(4)以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe为v再加“es”/vz/*halfhalves*shelfshelves*knifeknives*leafleaves,特殊:roof-roofsbelief-beliefsproof-proofs,Handkerchief-handkerchiefs/handkerchieves,巧学妙记,找规律,tomatoes,potatoes,Negroes,NOUN.,黑人和英雄爱吃西红柿拌土豆。,heroes,(5)以o结尾的名词,一般情况加s,读作/z/.potato，tomato，hero等除外*pianopianos*zoozoos*radio-radios*bamboobamboos,woman-women,man-men,NOUN.,2.不规则变化,(1)变-a为-e,(2)变元音字母oo为ee,policemanpolicemenFrenchmanFrenchmen,(3)单复数同形ChineseChinesefishfishJapaneseJapanesesheepsheep,sheep,特殊：children,请区别：German(德国人)Germans(“中日”不变“英法”变，其余s加后面),(4).常以复数形式出现的名词peopleclothesshoestrouserssocksglasses这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数*Myclothesarenewerthanyours.,1.Several_aretalkingunderthetreeAndtheyaretalkingabout_.Awoman;childrenBwoman;childCwomen;children2.Therearethreeinmyfamily.A.peopleB.personC.child3.Some_cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies,C,A,A,4.Inthepicturetherearemany_andtwo_.A.sheeps;knifesB.sheeps;knifeC.sheep;knivesD.sheep;knife5.Therearefour_andtwo_inthegroup.A.Japanese，GermenB.Japaneses，GermenC.Japanese，GermanD.Japanese，Germans,D,C,不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词.,常见的不可数名词waterricefishmeatworkchalktimespacemusicmoneyweatherhomeworkwoodinformationnewsmedicine,17,.,2不可数名词的数（1)alotof/lotsof,some,much,alittle,plentyof,abitof,alargeamountof+不可数名词(2)数词+容器+of+不可数名词aglassofwatertwoglassesofwater,单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数*Somebreadisoverthere.*Nonewsisgoodnews.,不可数名词不能直接被a,an,one,two等修饰，常用much,alittle,little,alotof,lotsof,some,any，plentyof等修饰*Theyhadmuchmoney.*Hedoeslittlehouseworkathome.*arice(X)twobread(X),可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位+of+名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词形式不变*abagofapples*apieceofpaper*threeglassesoforange,巩固练习:(1)一茶杯茶（2）一碗饭（3）两公斤肉（4）五瓶橘汁（5）一双鞋（6）许多瓶牛奶,4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同glass(玻璃)aglass(玻璃杯)work(工作)awork(著作)time(时间)times(次数),1.Pleasegiveme_paper.A.oneB.apiecesC.apieceD.apieceof2.Thistableismadeof_.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass3.WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?Idliketwo_.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks4.Wecandotheworkbetterwith_moneyand_people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,few,D,D,C,A,23,.,主谓一致,当people,class,family,team,group,public,police等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。,e.gTheclassarewaitingforher.Tomsfamily_ratherbig.Tomsfamily_filmfans.,is,are,2.news,maths,politics表示单数意义，动词用单数。,e.gThenewsmakesherveryhappy.Maths_noteasyforhim.,is,专有名词：1.表示人名如：JimKateLiLeiMissGao2.表示地名:如:ChinaUSAEnglandBeijing3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如：SundayMondayTuesdayJanuaryFebruary4.表示中外节日：国际性节日:NewYearMayDayChildrensDayWomensDay中国节日:SpringFestivalMid-autumnDayNationalDay西方节日:ChristmasDayEaster(复活节）FathersDayMothersDaySaintValentinesDay(情人节)5.机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如:CCTVWTOPLAPRCUFOBBCSOSNBAIQEQPERMBVIP,25,.,名词的作用,名词所有格表示名词间的所有关系“的”一.名词所有格的构成方法1.一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加“s”KangkangsfatherLucysbook2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“”即可TeachersofficeTheGreenshouse,3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“s”*ChildrensDay*mensshoes4.无生命名词的所有关系用of加名词，构成所属关系的短语*thecolorofthewall*apictureoftheclassroom,5.如果事物为2人或2人以上共同所有，在最后一个名词后加-s;,珍妮和海伦的房间,JennyandHelensroom,6.如果事物不是2人或2人共同所有，而是分别有的,则在2个名词后都加-s珍妮的房间和海伦的房间,JennysandHelensrooms,7.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生命的东西，也可以加s构成所有格,2小时路程北京最好的公园今日的报纸,twohourswalk=two-hourwalk,Beijingsbestpark,todaysnewspaper,atmyuncles=atmyuncleshomeatatailors=atatailorsshop,9.表示类别的名词作定语，不用所有格,asilkhatcottoncloth,acoffeecup,8.表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有格后面的名词,twomonthsvacationamilesdistance,1广东的省会2教室的门3我父亲的一个朋友4他的两个兄弟5爱迪生的一些发明6他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟)7他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟弟),thecapitalofGuangdong,thedoorsoftheclassroom,afriendofmyfathers,twobrothersofhis,someinventionsofEdisons,apictureofhisbrothers,apictureofhisbrother,名词的所有格Practice,1.June1stis_Day.AlltheChildrenenjoyitverymuch.A.ChildrenB.ChildrensC.ChildrensD.Child2.Thetwobedroomarethe_.A.twinsB.twinsC.twinsD.twins,C,C,重难点突破,3.Lucyis_sister.A.MaryandJackB.MarysandJacksC.MaryandJacksD.MaryandJacks,D,4.Its_fromourschooltomyhome.tenminuteswalktenminuteswalkC.tenminutewalkD.tenminuteswalk,A,名词的用法1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数*Therearethreebananatreesoverthere.2.manwoman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致*Weneedamanteacher.*Theyareallwomenworkers.3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式*asportsstar*aclothesshop,重难点突破,小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因Ourhospitalneedstwo_doctors,Mrs.Li.Youcanaskyoursontohaveatry.A.womenB.manC.womanD.men,D,1.Themodelplanewasmadebya_boy.A.ten-years-oldB.ten-year-olderC.ten-year-oldD.ten-yearold,重难点突破,C,2WhereisTom?-Hehasgonetothe_.A.teacherB.teachersC.teachersD.teachers,重难点突破,D,名词所有格的几个注意点可用名词所有格表示地点,地点名词习惯上省略*myaunts(home）(我姑姑家）*gototheteachers(office）(去老师办公室）特别记忆下列用to表示的所有格：thekeytothelock/doorthekey/answertothequestion,1.Couldyoupleasegetmesome_?Imhungry.A.appleB.waterC.breadD.egg2.Somethingiswrongwithmy_.Icantseeanythingaroundme.A.noseB.earsC.eyesD.mouth3.Mr.Whitehasabeautifulgardenwithmany_init.A.flowersB.grassC.villagesD.water,C,C,A,4.-Howfarisyourcousinshomefromhere?-Itsabouttwo_drive.hoursB.hoursC.hoursD.hour5.YaoMingdidagoodjobinthebasketballmatchyesterday.Heismyfavorite_A.workerB.teacherC.dancerD.player,C,D,6.Allthe_teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th，becauseitwastheirownholiday.AmanB.menC.womanD.women7.Tenhours_(be)noteoughforustodoit.,D,is,42,.,考点四常考名词词义辨析1,workjob,工作，多指体力或脑力的努力或活动不可数名词,工作零工，多指为换取报酬进行的日常活动可数名词,我也喜欢花园，但我不喜欢艰苦的劳动。,Ilikegardenstoo,butIdontlikehardwork.,她正在找工作。,Sheislookingforajob.,43,.,考点四常考名词词义辨析2,cookcooker,厨师,厨具,他是一个好厨师。,Heisagoodcook.,你的炊具是用燃气还是用电？,Isyourcookergasorelectric?,44,.,考点四常考名词词义辨析3,problemquestion,困难，客观上存在的待解决的问题，尤其是比较棘手的难题,疑问，询问，主观上需要解答或解释的问题,你能解出这道数学题吗？,Canyouworkoutthemathsproblem?,他在课堂上问了很多问题。,Heaskedalotofquestionsinclass.,