中考阅读理解之主旨大意解题技巧

,ReadingComprehension,-Howtogetthemainideaofaparagraphorapassage?,Amothermousewasoutforawalkwithherbabieswhenshefoundacatbehindabush.Shewatchedthecat,andthecatwatchedthemice.Mothermousebarkedfiercely（拼命）,Woof,woof,woof!Thecatwassofrightenedthatitranforitslife.Mothermouseturnedtoherbabiesandsaid,Now,doyouunderstandthevalueofasecondlanguage?”Whatisthestorymainlyabout?,Weshouldunderstandthevalueofasecondlanguage.,什么是主旨大意题？,主旨大意题就是问某个段落或文章的大意或是问这段文章的主题、目的和标题是什么？,主旨大意题的题型、标志词及设问形式：,标题类：,1.Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageis_.2.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?3.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?4.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis_.,目的类：,1.Whatistheauthorsmainpurposeinthispassage?2.Thewriterspurposeinwritingthisstoryis_.3.Inthepassagetheauthorwantstotell_.4.Thewritersattitudetoward.is_.,大意类：,1.Themainideaofthepassageis2.Thepassageismainlyabout3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?5.Whatisthetopicofthispassage?,（议论文、记叙文、说明文）主旨大意题解题技巧,Task1,TherearemanydifferentwaystotraveltoParisfromLondon.Oneofthequickestandmostpopularwaysisbytrain.FromWaterlooRailwayStation,youcantravelallthewaytoParis.Thejourneytakesaboutthreehours.Thetrain,calledtheEurostar,isverymodern,andtheseatsarecomfortable.YoucanalsotraveltoFrancebyship.AnotherwaytotraveltoParisisbyplane.Thepassagemainlytellsusabout_.A.differentwaystravelingfromLondontoParisB.internationalflightsfromLondontoParisC.busesstoppingatFerryTerminalSeveninDoverD.thebestwaytoParis.,A,我会总结：该段短文为总分结构，主题句出现在段首。（解释：尤其是在议论文和说明文中，一个主题句常常是在一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证或说明细节。）,A,Thepurposeofparagraph3isto_.A.showhowanimalscanhelpwithillnessesB.discusstheproblemsofkeepingpetsC.describehowtotrainanimalhelpersD.introducesomenewmedicalresearch,Hereisacasethatshowsthebenefitsofanimals.Johnwasasix-year-oldmute.Hehadnophysicalproblems.Hejustrefusedtotalk.Hisoldercousin,Ned,hadaparrotcalledSally,andJohnusedtovisitit.Whenhearrived,Nedusedtosay,“Hi,John!”Weallknowparrotscopywhattheyhear.Afterafewvisits,Sallybegansaying“Hi,John!”whenJohncameintotheroom.Then,oneday,Johnturnedtotheparrotandreplied“Hi,Sally!”StayingwiththeparrotencouragedJohntobegintalking.,我会总结：此段短文属于结构，主题句在.,总分,段首,A,B,Task2,Every30secondsthereisanearthquake.Butdontworrybecausemostaresoweakthattheycannotbefelt.Onlyafewbigoneshurtpeople.ManyearthquakeshappenedinChina,suchasthebigoneinSichuanlastmonth.Thousandsofpeoplediedinit.Soitsimportanttoknowwhattodowhenonehits.Herearesometipsonhowtostaysafeinanearthquake.Ifyouareindoorsduringanearthquake,hide(躲藏)underadesk.Stayawayfromwindowsandanythingthatcouldfallonyou.Thebesttitleofthispassageis_.A.HowdangeroustheearthquakeisB.HowtobesafeduringanearthquakeC.DontbeafraidoftheearthquakeD.AnearthquakeinSichuanChina.,B,A,我会总结：该段为分总结构，主题句出现在段尾。（解释：作者先摆出事实依据，或者提出问题，然后层层推进，提出解决方法，然后后文再进一步详述。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现，是全文的主题句，下文按照主题句进行展开）,Ifyouarerobbed,keepcalm.Ifyoucannotcryforhelporrunaway,givetherobberyourmoney.Trytorememberwhattherobberlookslikeandtellthepolice.Ifitisraininghardandthereislightning.Dontstayinhighplacesandkeepawayfromtrees.Whenthereisafire,getawayasfastasyoucan.Putwetthingsonyourbodyandtryandfindanexit.Donottakethelift!Ifsomeoneisdrowning(溺水),Ifyoucantswim,dontgetintothewater.Cryoutforhelp.Rememberthatdangerisneverasfarawayasyouthink.Weshouldtakecareofourselves.Whatisthebesttitle?A.Dangereverywhere.B.Takecarofourselves.C.HowtosaveothersD.Dontstayunderthetreewhenraining.,我会总结：该段为结构，主题句在,往往出现在总结性的词so,therefore,asaresult等之后。,分总,段尾,A,B,Task3,MedicalexpertssaymostAmericansdonotgetenoughsleep.TheysaymoreAmericansneedtotakeanapthatistorestforashortperiodinthemiddleoftheday.Theygivepeopleadvicetosleeplightlybeforecontinuingwithotheractivities.Theexpertssaynapsmightimprovehealthbyreducingpressure.SomeEuropeanandLatinAmericancompanieshavesupportedtheideaofnappingformanyyears.Theyaskpeopletoleavework,gohomeandhaveanapbeforereturning.IntheUnitedStates,somecompaniesletworkersrestsimplyintheiroffices.Theybelievethiscanhelpworkersmakefewermistakesandalsoincreasetheamountofworkthatapersoncando.Sleepexpertssayitislikelythatpeoplemakemoremistakesatworkthanatothertimes.Theysaypeopleshouldnotcarryoutimportanttaskswhentheyfeelsleepy.Andtheysaythebestthingtodoistotakeanap.Abouttwentyminutesofrestisallyouneed.Expertssaythisprovidesextraenergyandcanincreaseyoureffectsuntiltheendoftheday.Butexpertssaidthatanapshouldlastnomorethantwentytothirtyminutes.Alongernapwillputthebodyintodeepsleepandwakingupwillbedifficult.,Thepassageismainlyabout_.A.takinganapduringthedayB.thedisadvantagesoftakinganapC.AmericanswhodonthaveanapduringtheweekendsD.theadvantagesofdeepsleep,我会总结：任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即_，也叫做_。,高频词,主题词,A,A,Everyonecanexperienceangersometimes.Butnoteveryonecancontrolitproperly.Tosomepeople,controllingangerseemslikethehardestthingintheworldtodo.Controlthesebytalkingtoyourselfinyourownmind,whenyouexperienceunwantedfeelings.Bytalkingitoverinyourownheadyoucanworkouthowyouwillbestdealwiththesituation.Angercontrolcanalsobeachievedbycommunicatingwithotherswithhonesty.Youcaneffectivelytrainyourselftorespondtosituationswithoutgettingannoyedaboutthings.Itisimportanttorememberitispossibleforeveryonetogetangryandtherefore,controllingitistherealchallenge.,Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Noteveryonecancontrolanger.B.Howtocontrolanger.C.Communicatingwithothersishelpful.D.Controllingangerischallenging.,B,我会总结：当找不到全文的主题句时,抓住每段的主题句和全文高频词，概括出全文中心思想。,TheCocaColaCompanyhasaninventionthe“PlantBottle”.Itispartlymadefromplantsandcanberecycled(循环).Itshowshowbusinessescanhelptodealwiththeproblemofclimate(气候)change.NowtheUKhasanewlightbulbthatcanlast25yearsormore.Itisgreenandenvironment-friendly(环保的),andasbrightastheoldlightbulbs,butitcosts30.Goodnewsforswimmers.Doyouwanttotalktoyourfriendsunderthewater？RichStachowskiinventedthisWaterTalkyattheageof10.Thisinventioncanamplify(扩大）voicesunderwaterforupto15feet.Ifyousitinachairfortoolongorinabadposition(姿势),yourbackmaybegintohurt.Nowthereisanewchairthatcanhelpyouavoidthat.ItwasdevelopedbyGermanscientists.Itmakesnoisestotelluserswhentheyneedtomove.,40.Allthefourinventionsareabout（）.DailylifeB.TheclimateC.KeepinghealthyD.Theenvironment,A,Task4,A,我会总结：主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，要求根据文章的细节来分析、概括推导出文章的主题。具体方法是：首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，寻找共同点,然后加以归纳形成主题。,Lookaroundandyoullseepeoplebusyontheirsmartphones.Smartphonesdomakeourliveseasier.Buthaveyoueverthoughtaboutwhattheymeantoyoureyes.Accordingtoastudy,halfofBritishpeopleownsmartphonesandtheyspendanaverage(平均)oftwohoursadayusingthem.Therehasbeena35%increaseinthenumberofpeopleintheUKwhosufferfromshortsightedness(近视)sincesmartphoneswereintroducedtherein1997.Staring(盯)atsmartphonesforlongtimegivesyoudryeyes.Whenlookingatsomethinginthedistance,youreyesautomaticallyblink(自动眨眼)acertainnumberoftimes.However,whenyoulookatthingsclosertoyourface,theblinkingslowsdown.Thisreducestheamountoftearsandcausesdiscomfortinyoureyes.Anotherbadhabitisusingsmartphonesindarkroomsbeforegoingtosleep.Ifyoulookatabrightscreenwhileyourpupils(瞳孔)becomelarger,toomuchlightentersyoureyes.Thiscandoharmtotheeyesandcauseadiseasecalledglaucoma(青光眼).,41.Thearticleismainlyabout_.A.theharmthatsmartphonesdotouserseyesB.therulestoobeywhenusingsmartphonesC.thereasonwhyteenagers