写作教程第二版(邹申)-unit-7ppt课件

.,1,Unit7SocialProblems,.,2,UnitObjectives,Definitionofcause&effect,Functionofcause&effect,Featuresofcause&effect,Organizationofcause&effect,Howtochooserightexamples,Transitionalphrases,.,3,Warm-upActivities-collegestudentstakingpart-timejobs,.,4,Definitionofcause&effect,Soundreasoningorlogicisnaturallythemostimportantqualityofanyanalysis.Inpresentingcauseandeffect,weshouldtrytobeobjective.Overstatingorunderstatingourpositionwouldonlymaketheanalysisunconvincing.Itseemsconvenienttostatetheeffectfirstandthenexplainthecauses.Thereverseorder,however,istobepreferredwhenonecauseleadstovariouseffects.1.Tostateaneffectanddevotetherestoftheparagraphtoexaminingthecauses.2.Tostateacauseandthenmentionorpredicttheeffect.,.,5,Functionofcause&effect,Causeandeffectservesasausefulmeanstodescribeoranalyzephenomena,problems,influences,etc.2.Weoftenfindourselvesinsituationswhereweneedtodiscusscausesoreffectsinordertobetterunderstandwhatisbeingdiscussed:places,people,features,advantagesordisadvantages.3.Howtoexpresscause-and-effectrelationshipseffectivelyiscrucialtomeaningfulcommunication.,.,6,Effect,Cause1,Cause2,Cause,Effect1,Effect3,Effect2,Featuresofcause&effect,.,7,Fillouttheformswiththeappropriateandrelevantinformation,LikeEnglishinhighschool,beeasytofindajobaftergraduation,haveanunclewhooncemajoredinEnglish,begoodatlanguagelearning,lessincome,employersdonotlikeit,saveenergy,morefreetime,.,8,Studythefollowingwordsandphrasesanddividethemintothefollowing2groups.,nowthat,thereasonfor,thanksto,because,since,as,dueto,becauseof,owingto,consequently,therefore,so,asaresult,thus,itfollowsthat,accordingly,hence,sothat,.,9,Sample1-P67,Questions1.Thisparagraphisdevelopedaroundtheproblemof“thelackofparking”complainedaboutbyUScityresidents.2.Singleeffectandmultiplecauses.Inthisway,thewritingshowsalogicalcause-and-effectpattern,whichmightconsequentlyattractmoreconcernoreffortsintheproblemssolution.3.The3causesarepresentedfromthemostdirecttothemostindirect.,.,10,1._2.Morecarsareconstantlyproduced.3._,Causes,Effect,Lackofparkingincities,Overamillioncarsareabandonedonthestreets.,Bothcitygovernmentsorgovernmentalagencieshavefinancialheadaches,Superficial/direct,Deepest/indirect,.,11,Sample2P68,Questions1.Theproblemaddressesreferstotheissueofterroristattacks.Thisissuehasbroughtaboutatleastthreemajoraspectsofconsequenceoreffect.2.Theparagraphaddressesthecauseratherthaneffectsrightatthebeginning.3.No.Itfollowsapatternofsinglecauseandmultipleeffects.UnlikeSample1inwhicheffectisaddressedfirstandcausesaretracedbackwards,Sample2statesbrieflyatthebeginningtheissueofterroristattacksasadirectcause,andthendwellsuponthreemajoreffects,somefactualandsomepredicted.,.,12,Cause,Effects,Theterroriststrikes,1.TheAmericansfeelveryanxiousandpanicky.,2.Thegovernmenttrendstomakepoliticalerrors.,3.Thepublicwouldwindupignoringtheonewarningthatreallymatters.,.,13,Lackofregulation,Tigerspower/beauty/mystery,Cause,Effects,Effect-cause,Disastershappening