2-句子成分-sherry

HomeworkCheck,Aheroisnothingbutaproductofhistime.Nothingisordinaryifyouknowhowtouseit.Donotliveontheborrowedopinionsofothers.Successisnotonlybasedonpower,money,orfame.Diseasesofthesoularemoredangerousthanthoseofthebody.Youcangainsupportandlearnvaluablelessonfromotherpeople.,Generally,itsbettertofocusononethingandtodoitwell.Iamnothingwithoutmywork.Knowledgecomesfromexperiencealone.Apersonsdestinyiscloselytiedupwiththatofthewholenation.Excellenceisdoingordinarythingsextraordinarilywell.Thereisnosuchthingasgenius;itisnothingbutlaboranddiligence.,MembersofaSentence句子成分,SherryWU,Aug29,2016,Reading,Vocabulary6000GrammaticalStructure（逻辑关系）TextAnalysis（能力：提取信息，推断，总结等）,教学步骤,1.提问引出本节重点教学内容：句子成分和句子的概念。2.句子成分功能，判断依据，与词性的关系3.穿插练习,LearningObjectives,1.句子成分的概念2.能初步判断句子成分（esp.主语，谓语）3.句子的概念,Q1：句子中英区别,她好漂亮。昨天我喂了我家小狗。(feed,fed)我们星期天吃食堂。你不说我说。,Sheissopretty.,Ifedmydogyesterday.,WehavemealsinthecanteenonSundays.,If/Becauseyourefusetosay,Iwillsay.,句子必须有谓语动词,主谓之间有严格的逻辑关系,动宾之间有严格的逻辑关系,两套主谓宾必须有连词,英语句子基本原则,1.主句/从句只能有一套主谓宾，否则需连词。2.主谓宾顺序是固定的。（90%）3.充当各个句子成分的词性也是固定的。4.介词与及物动词后一定要有名词。,英语句子分析步骤,Key：找主句的主谓宾Step1：找主语句首第一个名词或代词（该名词前无介词或动词）Step2：找谓语动词Step3：找宾语及物动词后的名词，系动词后的名词或形容词,Q2：句子成分？,Q2.句子成分的定义：,构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语(subject)和谓语(predicate)；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。,Q3：句子成分,主语谓语宾语定语状语表语同位语补语：宾补、主补,1.主语（位置，词类）,位于句首（特例：疑问句，therebe，倒装句）主语由名词，代词，数词，不定式，动名词，名词化形容词，主语从句等表示。,“名词”,Rosesarebeautiful.（名词）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）Onethirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）,Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）,Exercises:主语-Subject,InAmerica,countrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.Heisanaughtychild.Halfofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.ItisagreatpleasuretolearnEnglish.Therearefivebooksonthedesk.Itistruethatscientistsaregettingabetterunderstandingoftheouterspace.,MoreExercises请找出主语成分,1.Sometowns,cities,andcountriesseemtohavebettereducationthanothers.2.Reducingtaxratesisnotthebestwaytopromote（促进）economicgrowth.3.Howthesefactorsinteract(相互影响)isstillunknowntoday.,Exercises请找出主语成分,4.Tobeavaluablememberofanycommunityisnotlikelearningasimpleskill.5.Itistheresponsibilityofeverycountrytokeeptheirpeoplesafe.,Review：主语,countrymusicHeHalf(ofthestudents)TolearnEnglishfivebooksthatscientistsaregettingabetterunderstandingoftheouterspace,句首；名词,易错点：主语Subject,动词原形可以作主语吗？试译：熬夜对你的健康有害。Stayinguplateisharmfultoyourhealth.,No！,2.谓语key：谓语动词,Hepracticerunningeverymorning.Heisahandsomeboy.Therosessmellnice.Wecanovercomeanydifficulty.谓语一般在主语之后，说明主语的动作或所处的状态。谓语只能由动词构成。,3.宾语（概念，位置）,Wewilldefeatotherteams.Ericgavemeapen.Theboyfellasleepunderthetree.Welearntoliveindependently.Studentswilllearnwhatisimportantinlife.及物动词或介词之后,动作的对象或承受者,主动语态,宾语种类,单个宾语：Wewilldefeatotherteams.双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）Ericgavemeapen.复合宾语（宾语+宾补）Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.,从句,名词,形容词,副词,不定式短语,现在分词,介词短语,HisfathernamedhimDongming.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.Letthefreshairin.Youmustntforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.Wesawherenteringtheroom.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.,4.宾语补足语,Review,句子:概念？主语：特征？谓语：,必须有谓语动词,句首；名词,特殊疑问句，therebe句型，倒装句除外,只能由动词充当,Exercise：句子改错,1.Whenyougotothestore.2.Isnotaverygoodidea.3.Jennydidnotsend.4.Thetallmancarryingabox.5.Atthebeginningoftheclass.,Whenyougotothestore,IwillwatchTV.,Itisnotaverygoodidea.,Jenneydidnotsendtheletter.,Atthebeginningoftheclass,wealwayssingasong.,Thetallmaniscarryingabox.,5.定语（功能，成分）,修饰名词的作用adj形容词（常见的包括：形容词，现在分词，过去分词，定语从句）“的”,定语：adj；的,Changshaisabeautifulcity.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.,定语：adj.;的,HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.Imlisteningtothekindofmusicthatshedoesntlike.,Exercises：translation,他就是偷了我自行车的那个贼。有一个帅气的小男孩，他的名字叫做小明。,Heisthethiefwhostolemybike.,ThereisaprettyboywhosenameisXiaoming.,6.状语(构成和分类),Lighttravelsquickly.（副词及副词性词组）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语）Seeingthecat,themouseranoff.（分词短语）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）,状语（特征与构成）,“地”修饰动词，形容词，副词，或整个句子通常由副词，介词短语，分词短语，状语从句，不定式构成。Q：状语的作用？,Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（时间）Lastnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因）Ishallgothereifitdoesntrain.（条件）Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴随）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(结果）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步）Iamtallerthanheis.（比较）,7.表语,系动词之后，说明主语的身份、特征、状态。句子结构：Wearestudents.主系表结构（位置类似主谓宾结构中的宾语）,8.同位语,Togetthejobfinishedontime,Alan,whoisinchargeofthedepartment,askedtwoofhisfriends，TomandDavid,tohelphimwithit.,Subject主,Adverbial状,Attributive定,Predicate谓,Object宾,Appositive同,Complement补,Togetthejobfinishedontime,Alan,whoisinchargeofthedepartment,askedtwoofhisfriends，TomandDavid,tohelphimwithit.,Subject主,Adverbial状,Attributive定,Predicate谓,Object宾,Appositive同,Complement补,Alan,askedtwoofhisfriends,Subject主,Adverbial状,Attribute定,Predicate谓,Object宾,Appositive同,Objectcomplement宾补,tohelphimwithit.,Togetthejobfinishedontime,whoisinchargeofthedepartment,TomandDavid,常见系动词：,0）Be动词感官动词look,taste,smell,sound,feel保持类keep,remain,stay变化类turn,go,come,become,get,grow,结果类prove,turnout表象类appear,seem,OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词-N）Isityours?（代词-N）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词-adj）Thespeechisexciting.（分词-adj）HisjobistoteachEn