高级英语Pub Talk and the King27s Englishppt课件

.,1,PubTalkandtheKingsEnglish,HenryFairlie,Lesson1,.,2,TeachingPlan,.,3,TeachingObjectives,ToenablethestudentswiththemethodsofexpositorywritingToenablethestudentstomakeagoodconversationTotracethehistoryoftheKingsEnglishToanalysethefeaturesofspokenEnglishToappreciatethelanguagefeatures,.,4,TeachingFocus,DifferentexpressionsinfolkandofficialEnglishLanguage:asetofrulesoralivingthingTheinfluenceofsocialstatusandsurroundingsonthedevelopmentofEnglishlanguage,.,5,QuotationsandallusionsfromfamouswriterssuchasShakespearesplay,NormanConquest,etc.SomebasicknowledgeaboutthewritersmentionedinthetextsuchasCarlyle,Lamb,etc.,.,6,TeachingMethods,Teacher-orientedteachingmethodStudent-orientedteachingmethodTheelicitedmethod,.,7,TeachingProcedure,.IntroductoryRemarks.BackgroundInformation.LearningFocus.KeywordsandExpressions,.,8,.DivisionoftheText.TheWritingStyle.Exercises,.,9,IntroductoryRemarks,.,10,Thetextisapieceofexpositorywritingofwhatmakesagoodconversation.Conversationdoesnotstartwithagiventopic,nordoesitdevelopwithalogicalstructure,nordoesitendwiththeproblemssettled.,.IntroductoryRemarks,.,11,Barconversationhasacharmofitsown.Theothereveningbarfriendshadaheateddiscussiononthetopic,“theKingsEnglish”,somepeoplethoughtitwasnaturalthatthereexistedresistanceagainsttheKingsEnglishinalowsocietylikeAustralia.,.,12,ItremindedothersthattherealsoexistedalanguagebarrierbetweentheSaxonpeasantsandtheirNormanconquerors.,.,13,AfterEnglishhasbecometheuniversallanguageofEngland,theKingsEnglishisusedandheldupasamodelbytherulingclassandtheeducatedpeople,whereastheworkingpeoplemockandjeeratit.,.,14,EventheliteratesmakemistakesiftheykeepspeakingtheKingsEnglish.Hence,informallanguageisneededinconversation.,.,15,DetailedStudyoftheText,.,16,.BackgroundInformation,Abouttheauthor:HenryFairliePub,PubTalkTheKing/QueensEnglish,HistoryofEnglishRelativeInformationofEnglishHistoryTheWashingtonPostAlexandreDumasandOtherWritersSomeLinguisticTerms,.,17,HenryFairlie13Jan.1924London,England-25Feb.1990Washington,D.C.aBritishpoliticaljournalistandsocialcriticthemostnotablybook:TheKennedyPromise,.,18,HenryFairlieaprominentfreelancewriteronbothsidesoftheAtlanticBothBritishandAmericanExpressionsinhisworks,.,19,PubFormally:publichouseahouseopentothepublic,asopposedtoaprivatehouseadrinkingestablishmentfundamentaltothecultureofBritain,Ireland,Australia,CanadaandNewZealand.,.,20,.,21,PubThehistoryofpubscanbetracedbacktoRomantaverns,throughtheAnglo-Saxonalehousetothedevelopmentofthemoderntiedhousesysteminthe19thcentury.,asmallhotel,aninn,酒厂直营酒吧,出售麦酒的Pub,.,22,PubTalkconversationheldinthepublichouse,.,23,theKingsEnglishortheQueensEnglishstandardEnglishusedinamonarchycountryNOW:TheQueensEnglish,.,24,NormanEnglishEnglishusedbytheNormanConquest,whichactuallyreferstoFrenchFormoreinfo,pleasereferto:ZhangLichun,“TheInfluenceofNormanConquestonEnglish”,OverseasEnglish,2010(11),.,25,BriefHistoryofEnglish,.,26,BriefHistoryofEnglish,.,27,BriefHistoryofEngland,NormanConquerorsTheNormans,underWilliamI,DukeofNormandy,conqueredEnglishafterdefeatingHarold,theEnglishking,attheBattleofHastingsin1066NormanConquest,.,28,BriefHistoryofEngland,HerewardthewakeAnglo-SaxonpatriotandrebelleaderroseupagainsttheNormanconquerorsbutwasdefeatedandslainin1071HerewardtheOutlaworHerewardtheExileProtagonistorHero,.,29,BriefHistoryofEnglish,.,30,.,31,.,32,.,33,BriefHistoryofEnglish,.,34,BriefHistoryofEnglish,.,35,文字讲解,ElizabethwasthefifthandlastmonarchoftheTudordynasty.ThedaughterofHenryVIII,shewasbornaprincess,buthermother,AnneBoleyn,wasexecutedtwoandahalfyearsafterherbirth,andElizabethwasdeclaredillegitimate.,.,36,文字讲解,EdwardVIdiedon6July1553,aged15.HiswillexcludedbothMaryandElizabethfromthesuccessiondeclaredashisheirLadyJaneGrey,granddaughterofHenryVIIIssisterMary,DuchessofSuffolk.LadyJanewasdeposedafterninedays.MaryrodetriumphantlyintoLondon,withElizabethatherside.,.,37,theestablishingofanEnglishProtestantchurchthedefeatoftheSpanishArmadain1588theheightoftheEnglishRenaissanceandsawthefloweringofpoetry,musicandliterature.Englandwaseconomicallyhealthier,moreexpansive,andmoreoptimisticthanatanytimeinathousandyears.Colonizationthenewworld:EastIndiaCompanyin1600,MainEventsinElizabethanEra,.,38,MainEventsinElizabethanEra,playwrightssuchasWilliamShakespeareandChristopherMarloweadventurersSirFrancisDrake:circumnavigationfrom1477-1580In1583,HumphreyGilbertsailedtoNewfoundlandIn1584,thequeengrantedSirWalterRaleighacharterforthecolonizationofVirginia;itwasnamedinherhonour.FrancisBacon:anEnglishphilosopher,statesman,scientist,lawyer,jurist,authorandpioneerofthescientificmethod,.,39,BriefHistoryofEnglish,.,40,BriefHistoryofEnglish,.,41,TheWashingtonPost(WP)anAmericandailynewspaper.themostwidelycirculatednewspaperpublishedinWashington,D.C.,andoldestextantinthearea,foundedin1877.,.,42,Writers,AlexandreDumasAlexandreDumas,pre24July18025December1870aFrenchwriterbestknownforhishistoricalnovelsofhighadventure,.,43,Writers,ThomasCarlyle(1795-1881)aScottishsatiricalwriter,essayist,historianandteacherduringtheVictorianera.calledeconomics“thedismalscience”,andbecameacontroversialsocialcommentator.TheFrenchRevolution(1837)Chartism(1840)OnHeroesandHeroWorshipandtheHeroicinHistory(1841)PastandPresent(1843),.,44,Writers,CarlyleseApeculiarstyleofhisown.Acompoundofbiblicalphrases,colloquialismsTeutonictwistsandhisowncoining,arrangedinunexpectedsequences.loose,limpLoveisaFallacy,.,45,Writers,W.H.Auden(1907-1973)British-bornpoetEducatedatOxford1939:wenttoUS1946:citizenofUSTheDepressionofthe1930s:hewasdeeplyaffectedbyMarxism1940s:hemovedfromMarxismtoaChristianexistentialview.,.,46,Writers,E.M.Foster(1879-1970)anEnglishnovelist,shortstorywriter,essayistandlibrettist.knownbestforhisironicandwell-plottednovelsexamingclassdifferenceandhypocrisyinearly20th-centuryBritishsociety.ARoomwithaView(1908),.,47,LinguisticTerms,BilingualEducationItinvolvesteachingacademiccontentintwolanguages,inanativeandsecondarylanguagewithvaryingamountsofeachlanguageusedinaccordancewiththeprogrammodel.,.,48,LinguisticTerms,variation,variety,.,49,Variety/speechvariety言语变体moreneutral:language,dialect,sociolect,Pidgin,Creoledifferentvarietiesofonelanguage,e.g.AmericanEnglish,AustralianEnglish,IndianEnglishetc.,.,50,StandardAmerican/BritishEnglishStandardvarietiesofdifferentcountrieshaveacommoncoreofthelanguage,whichmakesitpossibleforeducatednativespeakersofthevariousnationalstandardvarietiesofEnglishtocommunicatewithoneanother.,.,51,EnglishandAmericanareseparatelanguages.WhenIspeakmynativetongueinitsutmostpurityanEnglishmancantunderstandmeatall.-MarkTwainThestolenWhiteElephant,1882,.,52,Variation语言变异differencesinpronunciation,grammar,orwordchoicewithinalanguage.mayberelatedtoregion(regionaldialect/variation)socialclass/educationalbackground(siciolect)thedegreeofformalityofasituation(style),.,53,Dialect方言avarietyofalanguage,spokeninonepartofacountry(regionaldialect),orbypeoplebelongingtoaparticularsocialclass(socialdialect/sociolect),whichisdifferentinsomewords,grammar,and/orpronunciationfromotherformsofthesamelanguage.AparticularaccentGainsstatusandbecomesthestandardvariety,.,54,Standardvariety/standarddialect/standardlanguage标准语thehigheststatusinacommunityornationbasedonthespeechandwritingofeducatednativespeakersusedinthenewsmediaandinliteraturedescribedindictionariesandgrammarstaughtinschoolsandtaughttonon-nativespeakerswhentheylearnthelanguageasaforeignlanguage.sometimestheeducatedvarietyspokeninthepoliticalorculturalcentre(thecapital),.,55,SociolectorSocialDialect社会方言adialect/varietyusedbypeoplebelongingtoaparticularsocialclass.Speakersshareasimilarsocioeconomicand/oreducationalbackground.Highvs.Low,.,56,Style语体variationinapersonsspeechorwriting.fromcasualtoformal:thetypeofsituationthepersonorpersonsaddressedthelocationthetopicdiscussed,etc.aformalstyle(正式语体)oracolloquialstyle(口语语体)Somelinguistsusetheterm“register”forastylisticvariety(语体类型)whilstothersdifferentiatebetweenthetwo.,.,57,Register语域Asynonymtostyleaspeechvarietyusedbyaparticulargroupofpeople,usuallysharingthesameoccupation(e.g.doctors,lawyers)orthesameinterests(stampcollectors,baseballfans).jargon,.,58,Jargon行话Speechorwritingusedbyagroupofpeoplewhobelongtoaparticulartrade,profession,oranyothergroupboundtogetherbymutualinterests.thejargonoflaw法律行话medicaljargon医学行话derogatorysense:ajargonmaybeincomprehensibletoanoutsidernotusedbythegroupitselfusedbythoseunfamiliarwithitorbythosewhodislikeit,.,59,.LearningFocus,StyleLooseorganizationCharacteristicofthepassageFocusonwhatmakesforgoodconversationIntentionallywritteninaconversationalstyle,.,60,StyleThecharmofconversationTouchingonmanysubjectsoranglesAbundanceofrhetoricalandlinguisticdevicesInformality,colloquialismandidioms,.,61,StyleItsstyleusedinjournalismEssentialingredientsThetitlereadsoddlybutisattractivetoreadersTransitionparagraphsDigressionsReflectingshiftingthoughtpatterns,.,62,FiguresofSpeechSimileMetaphorAlliterationSarcasm,.,63,WordsandExpressions1)indulgein2)beontherock3)getoutofbedonthewrongside4)delveintoeachotherslives5)thealchemyofconversation,.,64,6)laydownrules7)swingfromto8)beonthewing9)outofsnobbery10)deepclassrift11)scamperover,.,65,12)turnonesnosesat13)theheirsto14)ringtrue15)tusslewith16)comeintoonesown17)bemockedby,.,66,18)saywithajeer19)laydownasanedict20)makeimmuneto21)slipsandslides22)situpat23)bindtheconversation,.,67,24)letitflowfreely25)leapbackintime26)raisethesubject27)talksense28)thinkoneselfbackintotheshoesof,.,68,.KeyWordsandExpressions,sociable:a.friendly;agreeable,esp.inaneasy,informalwayTheWricate:a.hardtofolloworunderstandbecauseentangled,involved,complicatedorperplexing;complex,.,69,indulge:v.togivewaytoonesdesiresindulgeoneselfinsth.indulgeoneselfineatinganddrinkingmeander:v.towanderaimlesslyoridly;rambleVagabondsmeanderthroughtheirwholelives.,.,70,snobbery:n.snobbishbehaviororcharacterHissnobberymakesmesick.till:v.toprepare(land)forraisingcrops,asbyplowing,fertilizing,etc;cultivatetilltheland,.,71,rear:v.tobringtomaturitybyeducating,nourishing,etc.Hehastoworkhardtorearhisfamily.render:v.toexpressinotherwords,asinanotherlanguage,translateManyofhisworkshavebeenrenderedintootherlanguages.,.,72,intercept:v.toseizeorstopontheway,beforearrivalattheintendedplace;stoporinterruptthecourseof;cutoffTheparcelsofdrugswereinterceptedbytheCustomHousebeforetheyweredelivered.abuse:v.tousewrongly;misusetoabuseaprivilege,.,73,coin:v.tomakeup;devise;invent,asanewwordorphraseDontcointermsthatareintelligibletonobody.multiply:v.toincreaseinnumber,amount,extent,ordegreetomultiplyoneschancesofsuccess,.,74,mind:n.apersonhavingintelligenceorregardedasanintellectSheisoneofthefinestpoliticalmindsinthecountry.makeapoint:explainfullywhatoneisproposingAllright,youvemadeyourpoint;nowkeepquietandlettheotherssaywhattheythink.,.,75,inaflash:suddenly,veryquicklyJustwaithere.Illbackinaflash.ontherocks:(colloq)inorintoaconditionofruinorcatastropheTimsmarriageisontherocks.,.,76,getoutthebedonthewrongside:tobecrossorgrouchylaydown:toassertordeclareTheregulationslaydownarigidprocedureforcheckingsafetyequipment.,.,77,onwings:inflight;continuallymovingaboutThebirdsareonwingsinthesky.turnuponesnoseat:tosneerat,scornThechildrenturneduptheirnosesatmyhomecooking.,.,78,intheshoesof:inanotherspositionImgladIetoonesown:toreceivewhatproperlybelongtoone,esp.acclaimorrecognition,.,79,situp:(colloq)tobecomesuddenlyalert;besurprisedorstartledIcalledheradamnedhypocriteandthatmadehersitup.,.,80,.DivisionoftheText,Part1:(Paras.1-2)Whatconversationisandwhatcharacteristicsofarealconversationare.Part2:(Paras.3-5)Focusonpubconversationwithacharmofitsownbygivingusspecificexampleofaconversation.,.,81,Part3:(Paras.6-20)shiftingfromageneraldiscourseongoodconversationtoaseriesofparticularinstances.Part4:(Paras.18-21)claimingthat“theKingsEnglishslipsandslidesinconversation”and“talkingsenseruinsallconversation”.,.,82,SummaryoftheText,.,83,.TheWritingStyle,1.Whatisthefeatureofwriting?2.Whatisthethemeofthetext?3.Whatisthethesisofthetext?4.Howdoestheauthoremphasizehisthesis?5.Whatdoesthe5thparagraphserve?,.,84,6.Whatarethecharacteristicsofthechoiceofwords?rmalandlucidlanguagec.copiousliteraryandhistoricalallusionsd.plentyofrhetoricaldevices,.,85,7.Isthereanythingunusualabouttheorganizationofthetext?a.thetitlenotaptlychosen.b.thetransitionalparagraphisabrupt.c.thecontentssometimesdigress.8.Whatwillthetitlebeifyouwereaskedtogive?,.,86,Thetextisapieceofexpositorywritingwithaloosestructure,whichisarrangeddeliberatelybythewriterinaconversationalstyletosuithistheme,i.e.whatmakesagoodconversation.ThethesisisexpressedintheopeningsentenceofParagraph1“Conversationisthemostsociableofallhumanactivities.”,.,87,Thelastsentenceinthelastparagraphwindsupthethemebypointingoutwhathindersagoodconversationissomeonewhoistryingtotalksense.Paragraph5isatransitionalparagraph.ThewriterpassesfromgeneraldiscourseongoodconversationtoaparticularinstancewhichisadiscussionabouttheKingsEnglish.,.,88,Inaccordancewiththeconversationalstyle,thetextimitatesthecharacteristicsofconversationsemphasizedbythewriter.Ontheonehand,thelanguageabundanceofsimpleidiomaticexpressionswithcopiousliteraryandhistoricalallusionsisquiteinformalandlucid.,.,89,Inordertoenhancethevividnessandhumorsofdescription,thewriteremploysmetaphorsandsimiles.Ontheotherhand,theorganizationisquiteloose,forinstance,thetitlewhichisnotaptlychosen,theabrupttransitionalparagraphaswellasthedigressions.,.,90,Exercises,.,91,.Exercises,OralPresentationMakeafive-minutepresentationinclassbasedonyourclosereadingofthetext.SuggestedTopics:1.Whatisthethemeoftheessay“PubTalkandtheKingsEnglish”?2.Howistheessayorganized?3.Whatisthemainideaofeachpart?,.,92,Discriminatesynonyms1.ignorant,illiterate,uneducated,unlearned2.scoff,sneer,jeer,gibe,flout,.,93,1.ignorant,illiterate,uneducated,unlearnedIgnorantimpliesalackofknowledge,eithergenerally(anignorantman)oronsomeparticularsubject(ignorantofthereasonoftheirsquarrel)illiterateimpliesafailuretoconformtosomestandardofknowledge,sep.aninabilitytoreadorwrite,.,94,uneducatedimpliesalackofformalorsystematiceducation,asofthatrequiredinschools(hisbrilliant,thoughuneducatedmind)unlearnedsuggestsalackoflearning,eithergenerallyorinsomespecificsubject(unlearnedinscience),.,95,2.scoff,sneer,jeer,gibe,floutScoffimpliesashowingofscornorcontemptasamanifestationofdoubt,cynicism,irreverence,etc.(theyscoffedathisdiagnosisofthedisease),.,96,sneerimpliesadisplayofcontempt,disparagement,etc.,asbyaderisivesmileorscornfulinsinuatingtoneofv