全新版大学英语综合教程2第二版Unit4电子ppt课件VIP

,BR_main,TheAmericanDream,Immigrants,TheGreatDepression,Mortgage,Warm-upQuestions,BR_1,TheAmericanDream,BR_1_pop,AmericanDreamisthebeliefthateveryoneintheUnitedStateshasthechancetoachievesuccessandprosperity.Forordinarypeople,itmeansahappyfamily,anidealjob,andanicehouse.Forminoritiesandimmigrants,italsoincludesfreedomandequalrights.,BR_2,Immigrants,Introduction,FirstImmigrants,BR_2_1.1,Introduction,Listentothepassageandfillintheblankswiththemissingwords.,BR_2_1.2,Apartfrom“NativeAmericans”,allAmericanshaveancestorswhowereimmigrants.TheUnitedStateshasthehomeofimmigrantsfromallovertheworld.SomeimmigrantscometotheUnitedStatesaplacetopracticetheirreligionfreely,whileothersseekpoliticalorprotection.Stillothersarriveinhopesofbuildingabetterlifeforandtheirfamilies.,Indians,_,become,_,insearchof,_,economic,_,themselves,_,BR_2_2,FirstImmigrants,BR_2_2_pop,ThefirstimmigrantstoAmericacamealmostfromwesternEurope.Duringthefirstdecadesofthe17thcentury,settlersfromEnglandcolonizedVirginiaandNewEngland.ImmigrationtoNewEnglandbeganin1620whenEnglishPuritansestablishedPlymouthColonyinpresent-dayMassachusetts.ThevaluesofthesePuritansettlersstronglyinfluencedthecultureoftheAmericancoloniesandlateroftheUnitedStates.,BR_3,TheGreatDepression,BR_3_pop,TheGreatDepressionisconsideredthemostsevereeconomiccrisisintheindustrializedworld.ItbeganwhenAmericanstockmarketfellonFriday,Oct.24,1929,andcontinuedthefollowingTuesday,knownasBlackTuesday,withagreaterfall.TheDepressionstruckmanyothercountriesaswell,particularlyGermany,Japan,andBritain.Intheearly1930smillionsofpeoplelosttheirjobs,andmillionsofbusinessesandbanksfailed.PresidentFranklinD.RooseveltsNewDealpoliciesimprovedthesituation,buttheGreatDepressiondidnotcometoanenduntilWorldWarIIwhenindustrialproductionforthewarincreased.,BR_4,Mortgage,Mortgage,HowtoGetaMortgage,BR_4_1,Mortgage,Mortgageisanagreementtohavemoneylent,especiallytobuyahouseorland,withthehouseorlandbelongingtothelenderuntilthemoneyisrepaid.Itenablesapersontobuyahousewithouthavingenoughmoneytopayforitcompletely.Iftheborrowerfailstorepaytheloan,thelendermayforcethesaleofthehousetorecovertheamountoftheloan.,BR_4_1_pop,BR_4_2,HowtoGetaMortgage,BR_4_2_pop,Aborrowercangetamortgagefromabank,creditunion,orotherlender.Mostlendersrequiretheborrowertohaveacertainamountofmoneytouseasadownpayment.Forexample,ifanindividualwantstobuyahomepricedat$50,000andthelenderrequiresadownpaymentof$2,000,theindividualwillapplyforaloanof$48,000topayforthedifference.Paymentsfortheloanareusuallymademonthly.Thelifeofthemortgagecanbe15,20,30,oreven40years.,BR_5,Warm-upQuestions,.,WhatistheAmericanDreaminyouropinion?Inwhatwayscanapersonbeconsideredasbeingsuccessful?Whatisthekeytosuccess?Tellastoryofasuccessfulperson.,GR_main,PartDivisionoftheText,FurtherUnderstanding,GR_1,PartDivisionoftheText,Parts,Para(s),MainIdeas,1,2,129,3033,WithdeterminationandwithhelpfromMr.Crawford,Tonyachievedhisdreamofhavinghisownfarm.,Tonyscareersettheauthorthinkingaboutwhyandtowhatextenthehadbeensuccessful.,GR_2,ForPart1,ForPart2,FurtherUnderstanding,TableCompletion,Scanning,QuestionsandAnswers,Matching,GR_2_P1_1.1,TableCompletion,Para(s),TimeExpressions,TonysStepstowardSuccess,110,1113,oneeveningduringtheGreatDepression,TonystartedtoworkasahelpatMr.Crawfordshouse.,summerpassedintofall,TonygotajobclearingsnowatMr.Crawfordsfactory.,HowTonyFulfilledHisAmericanDream,GR_2_P1_1.2,Para(s),TimeExpressions,TonysStepstowardSuccess,1416,oneday,Tonyaskedtobetrainedasanapprentice,andlaterlearnedtobeaskilledworker.,1721,ayearortwopassed,TonyboughtahousewiththehelpofMr.Crawford.,GR_2_P1_1.3,Para(s),TimeExpressions,TonysStepstowardSuccess,2227,afterabouttwoyears,TonyboughtafarmandsentforhisfamilyinItaly.,2833,duringthewar,Tonydied,leavinghisfamilyaprosperousfarmandhischildreneducated.,GR_2_P1_3.1,Matchthefollowingthreecolumns.,1CII2AIII3BI,GR_2_P1_3.1,ScanthetexttofindoutdescriptionsofTonysphysicalappearance.,Scanning,Para.1,Para.22,Para.27,Hewasaboutfive-foot-sevenoreight,andthin.,Heseemedtostandalittlestraighter.Hewasheavier.Hehadalookofconfidence.,neatlydressed,BothTonyandthegreatestindustrialistsaresuccessfulinpursuingtheirAmericanDreams.Theyreachedtheirsuccessbyworkinghard,andbythesamevaluesandprinciples.Theonlydifferencewasthattheyhaddifferentfinancialachievements.,GR_2_P2,QuestionsandAnswers,1.WhatisthekeytoTonyssuccess?,TonyworkedveryhardtocreatehisAmericanDream.Besides,hewasdetermined,self-controlled,optimistic,self-respected,honestandresponsible.Allthesehelpedhimbecomesuccessful.,2.CompareTonywiththegreatestindustrialists.,DR_Text1-3,TonyTrivisonnosAmericanDream,HecamefromarockyfarminItaly,somewheresouthofRome.HoworwhenhegottoAmerica,Idontknow.ButoneeveningIfoundhimstandinginthedriveway,behindmygarage.Hewasaboutfive-foot-sevenoreight,andthin.“Imowyourlawn,”hesaid.ItwashardtocomprehendhisbrokenEnglish.Iaskedhimhisname.“TonyTrivisonno,”hereplied.“Imowyourlawn.”ItoldTonythatIcouldntaffordagardener.,FrederickC.Crawford,DR_Text4-7,“Imowyourlawn,”hesaidagain,thenwalkedaway.Iwentintomyhouseunhappy.Yes,theseDepressiondaysweredifficult,buthowcouldIturnawayapersonwhohadcometomeforhelp?WhenIgothomefromworkthenextevening,thelawnhadbeenmowed,thegardenweeded,andthewalksswept.Iaskedmywifewhathadhappened.,“Amangotthelawnmoweroutofthegarageandworkedontheyard,”sheanswered.“Iassumedyouhadhiredhim.”Itoldherofmyexperiencethenightbefore.Wethoughtitstrangethathehadnotaskedforpay.,DR_Text8-10,Thenexttwodayswerebusy,andIforgotaboutTony.Weweretryingtorebuildourbusinessandbringsomeofourworkersbacktotheplants.ButonFriday,returninghomealittleearly,IsawTonyagain,behindthegarage.Icomplimentedhimontheworkhehaddone.“Imowyourlawn,”hesaid.Imanagedtoworkoutsomekindofsmallweeklypay,andeachdayTonycleaneduptheyardandtookcareofanylittletasks.Mywifesaidhewasveryhelpfulwhenevertherewereanyheavyobjectstoliftorthingstofix.,DR_Text11-14,Summerpassedintofall,andwindsblewcold.“Mr.Craw,snowprettysoon,”Tonytoldmeoneevening.“Whenwintercome,yougivemejobclearingsnowatthefactory.”Well,whatdoyoudowithsuchdeterminationandhope?Ofcourse,Tonygothisjobatthefactory.Themonthspassed.Iaskedthepersonneldepartment,forareport.TheysaidTonywasaverygoodworker.OnedayIfoundTonyatourmeetingplacebehindthegarage.“Iwanttobeprentice,”hesaid.,DR_Text15-16,Wehadaprettygoodapprenticeschoolthattrainedlaborers.ButIdoubtedwhetherTonyhadthecapacitytoreadblueprintsandmicrometersordoprecisionwork.Still,howcouldIturnhimdown?,Tonytookacutinpaytobecomeanapprentice.Monthslater,Igotareportthathehadgraduatedasaskilledgrinder.Hehadlearnedtoreadthemillionthsofaninchonthemicrometerandtoshapethegrindingwheelwithaninstrumentsetwithadiamond.MywifeandIweredelightedwithwhatwefeltwasasatisfyingendofthestory.,Ayearortwopassed,andagainIfoundTonyinhisusualwaitingplace.Wetalkedabouthiswork,andIaskedhimwhathewanted.“Mr.Craw,”hesaid,“Ilikeabuyahouse.”Ontheedgeoftown,hehadfoundahouseforsale,acompletewreck.Icalledonabankerfriend.“Doyoueverloanmoneyoncharacter?”Iasked.“No,”hesaid.“Wecantaffordto.Nosale.”“Now,waitaminute,”Ireplied.“Hereisahard-workingman,amanofcharacter,Icanpromiseyouthat.Hesgotagoodjob.Yourenotgettingadamnthingfromyourlot.Itwillstaythereforyears.Atleasthewillpayyourinterest.”,DR_Text17-20,DR_Text21-24,Reluctantly,thebankerwroteamortgagefor$2,000andgaveTonythehousewithnodownpayment.Tonywasdelighted.Fromthenon,itwasinterestingtoseethatanydiscardedoddsandendsaroundourplaceabrokenscreen,abitofhardware,boardsfrompackingTonywouldgatherandtakehome.Afterabouttwoyears,IfoundTonyinourfamiliarmeetingspot.Heseemedtostandalittlestraighter.He,washeavier.Hehadalookofconfidence.“Mr.Craw,Isellmyhouse!”hesaidwithpride.“Igot$8,000.”Iwasamazed.“But,Tony,whereareyougoingtolivewithoutahouse?”,“Mr.Craw,Ibuyafarm.”Wesatdownandtalked.Tonytoldmethattoownafarmwashisdream.HelovedthetomatoesandpeppersandalltheothervegetablesimportanttohisItaliandiet.HehadsentforhiswifeandsonanddaughterbackinItaly.Hehadhuntedaroundtheedgeoftownuntilhefoundasmall,abandonedpieceofpropertywithahouseandshed.Nowhewasmovinghisfamilytohisfarm.,DR_Text25-26,Sometimelater,TonyarrivedonaSundayafternoon,neatlydressed.HehadanotherItalianmanwithhim.HetoldmethathehadpersuadedhischildhoodfriendtomovetoAmerica.Tonywassponsoringhim.Withanamusedlookinhiseye,hetoldmethatwhentheyapproachedthelittlefarmhenowoperated,hisfriendstoodinamazementandsaid,“Tony,youareamillionaire!”Then,duringthewar,amessagecamefrommycompany.Tonyhadpassedaway.,DR_Text27-28,DR_Text29-30,Iaskedourpeopletocheckonhisfamilyandseethateverythingwasproperlyhandled.Theyfoundthefarmgreenwithvegetables,thelittlehouselivableandhomey.Therewasatractorandagoodcarintheyard.Thechildrenwereeducatedandworking,andTonydidntoweacent.Afterhepassedaway,IthoughtmoreandmoreaboutTonyscareer.Hegrewinstatureinmymind.Intheend,Ithinkhestoodastall,andasproud,asthegreatestAmericanindustrialists.,DR_Text31-33,Theyhadallreachedtheirsuccessbythesamerouteandbythesamevaluesandprinciples:vision,determination,self-control,optimism,self-respectand,aboveall,integrity.Tonydidnotbeginonthebottomrungoftheladder.Hebeganinthebasement.Tonysaffairsweretiny;thegreatestindustrialistsaffairsweregiant.But,afterall,thebalancesheetswereexactlythesame.Theonlydifferencewaswhereyouputthedecimalpoint.TonyTrivisonnocametoAmericaseekingtheAmericanDream.Buthedidntfindithecreateditforhimself.Allhehadwere24precioushoursaday,andhewastednoneofthem.,DR_Text1-3_S,Howmanytimesisthesentence“Imowyourlawn.”repeatedinthetext?Whyisitrepeated?,Thesentenceisrepeatedfourtimes.ThatsbecauseitshowsTonysdeterminationinfindingajob,andhisoptimisticviewthatpeoplewouldhelpamanwhoneededajob.,“Imowyourlawn,”hesaid.,DR_Text11-14_S,Paraphrasethesentence.,Itishardtorefuseapersonwhoisdeterminedandhopefultogetajob.,Well,whatdoyoudowithsuchdeterminationandhope?,DR_Text15-16_S,1.Paraphrasethesentence.,MywifeandIwerehappywithwhatTonyhadachieved,andthoughtthatthewholethinghadthusbeensettled.,MywifeandIweredelightedwithwhatwefeltwasasatisfyingendofthestory.,2.WasTonysatisfiedwiththisend?,Tonywasnotsatisfied.Hekeptonworkingharduntilhefulfilledhisbetterdreams.,DR_Text21-24_S,1.WhydidTonytakehomethediscardedoddsandends?,Tonyboughtahouse,whichwasacompletewreck.Tofixanddecorateit,and,aboveall,tosavemoney,hetookhomethediscardedoddsandends.,2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.,从那以后，只要我家附近有什么被人扔弃的零星杂物，坏了的屏风啦，五金器具啦，包装纸板啦，托尼都要收起来拿回家，看他这个样子真是有意思。,Fromthenon,itwasinterestingtoseethatanydiscardedoddsandendsaroundourplaceabrokenscreen,abitofhardware,boardsfrompackingTonywouldgatherandtakehome.,DR_Text25-26_S,1.Whatdoes“property”referto?,“Property”referstothefarmhewantedtobuy.,Hehadhuntedaroundtheedgeoftownuntilhefoundasmall,abandonedpieceofpropertywithahouseandshed.,2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.,他在小镇周边到处找，终于找到一处没人要的一小块地产，有一幢房，还有间小棚。,DR_Text29-30_S1.1,1.Paraphrasethesentence.,Hegrewtallerandgreaterinmymind.Hissocialstatusgreatlyimprovedinmymind.,Hegrewinstatureinmymind.,DR_Text29-30_S1.2,2.DescribethechangeofTonyssocialstatusinMr.Crawfordsmind.,WhenMr.CrawfordfirstmetTony,Tonywas“aboutfive-foot-sevenoreight,andthin”,andhisEnglishwasbroken.HeremainedstandingwhenhetalkedtoMr.Crawford.Hedidnothavehighsocialstatus.Afterheboughthisfarmseveralyearslater,he“seemedtostandalittlestraighter”,andhe“hadalookofconfidence”.HeandMr.Crawford“satdownandtalked”.HissocialstatusimprovedenoughtoallowhimtositdownwithMr.Crawford.Afterhepassedaway,Mr.Crawfordthought“hestoodastall,andasproud,asthegreatestAmericanindustrialists.”,DR_Text31-33_S1,Whatdoes“ladder”referto?Andwhatdoes“basement”referto?,“Ladder”referstothewaytosuccess.“Basement”referstoTonysstartingpoint.Hewasworsethanordinarypeople.HehadnothingtohelphimseekhisAmericanDream.,Tonydidnotbeginonthebottomrungoftheladder.Hebeganinthebasement.,2.Whatcanyouinferfromthesentence?,TonyhadnothingwhenhearrivedintheUnitedStates,andhebuiltupfromnothing.,DR_Text31-33_S2.1,Whatdobalancesheetsreferto?Andwhatdoesdecimalpointreferto?,Balancesheetsareusedtoshowwhetherapersonoracompanyisfinanciallysuccessful.Heretheyareusedtojudgeapersonslifeachievements.Ifthedecimalpointismoved,anumberwillbecomeeithersmallerorbigger.HereitshowsthedifferenceintheamountofmoneyTonyandthegreatestindustrialistshadmade.,But,afterall,thebalancesheetswereexactlythesame.Theonlydifferencewaswhereyouputthedecimalpoint.,DR_Text31-33_S2.2,2.Whatcanyouinferfromthesentences?,WhatTonyandthegreatestindustrialistsachievedwasexactlythesame.Theonlydifferencewasthattheyhaddifferentfinancialsuccess.,DR_word_turnaway1,turnaway:refusetohelp(sb.)orallow(sb.)toenteraplace,他拒绝了所有的应征者。,Heturnedawayseveralpeoplewhodidnthavethetickets.,Heturnedalltheapplicantsaway.,DR_word_turnaway2,Collocation:,拒绝；调低,turndown,交还，上交,turnin,使变成,turninto,关；拐弯,turnoff,turnout,turnover,turnup,生产，制造；证明，结果,仔细考虑,出现，来到；开大，调大,DR_word_workout,workout:plan;solve;calculate,他们已经设计出把宇宙飞船送上太空的方法。,Theyveworkedoutamethodofsendingaspacecrafttothespace.,Theaccountanthasworkedoutyourshareoftheexpenseat1,000yuan.,会计已算出你的那份花费为1,000元。,Collocation:,workat,workup,从事于，致力于,引起，激起，逐渐上升,DR_word_weekly,weekly：1.adj.happeningonceaweekoreveryweek,21世纪报每周出版一次。,Hethinkshisweeklywageof400yuanisenough.,adv.onceaweek;everyweek;bytheweek,21stCenturyispublishedweekly.,3.,n.apublicationissuedonceaweekBusinessWeekly商业周刊PublishersWeekly(美)出版商周刊atwiceweekly半周刊,2.,DR_word_dowith1,dowith:1)(usedinquestionswith“what”)dealwith,Tellmewhatyoudidwithyourselfthisweek.,Icantdowithhimandhisimpoliteness.,Thechilddidntknowwhattodowithhimselfforexcitement.,2),tolerate,我不能忍受他和他的无礼。,3),(oftenwith“could”,“can”)desire,Icoulddowithacupoftea.,DR_word_dowith2,Collocation:,没有也行，将就,dowithout,废除，去掉,doawaywith,代替，适合,dofor,对有益,dogood(to),重复,doover,DR_word_determination,determination:n.theabilitytocontinuetryingtoachievewhatyouhavedecidedtodoevenwhenthisisdifficult,HehasgreatdeterminationtolearnEnglishwell.,DR_word_personnel1,personnel:n.thedepartmentinalargeorganizationthatdealswithemployees;humanresources(uncountablenoun,usedwithasingularorpluralverb).,人事管理,personneladministration,人事部/处/科,personneldepartment,人事部长/处长/科长,personneldirector,DR_word_personnel2,2)allthepersonsworkinginanorganization,inthearmy,etc.(oftenusedwithapluralverb),Thepersonnelofthecompanyhasbeenincreased.,全体员工都允许参加晚会。,Allpersonnelwereallowedtotakepartintheparty.,DR_word_personnel3,Liketheirpersonallives,womenshistoryisfragmented,interrupted.,如同她们的个人生活一样，妇女的历史是支离破碎且断断续续的。,TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.,apersonalappearance,Ihavesomethingpersonaltotellyou.,亲自出面,我有私人的事要告诉你。,此外注意与personal的区别。personal:个人的，私人的，亲自的，秘密的,NB:,DR_word_capacity1,capacity:n.1)theabilitytounderstandordosth.,Thetrunkisfilledtocapacity.,Hiscapacityforrememberingthingsisinteresting.,2),theabilitytoholdorcontainsth.themaximumamountthatcanbecontained,DR_word_capacity2,这些词都可以表示“能力”的意思。capacity用于物时，指容纳接受的能力，如容积、容量、生产能力；用于人时，指潜在的能力，多用于才智、道德，尤指接受能力、领悟性、敏感性等。ability既指天赋的能力，也指培养造就而获得的本领；主要用于人，指已经表现出来的实际能力，尤指人的思维能力。capability较多用于人，指胜任某项工作的能力、本领。proficiency正式用语，带有技术性，指对业务的精通和熟练。,capacity,ability,capabilitytrained;experienced,2),needingskill,skilled,skillful表示“有技术的，熟练的”时可以互换。skilled通常是指受过正规训练，有多年实践经验而掌握某项专门技术。skillful是指人聪明，做事很灵巧，尤指手的灵巧。,skilledappeal,Theycalledontheworkersofthecitytosupportthestrike.,3)invite;require,ThehostofthepartycalledontheChairmantospeak.,DR_word_callon2,Collocation：,邀约；要求；需要,callfor,取消,calloff,打电话；召集；使人想起,callup,顺路到某处；收回,callin,DR_word_loan1,Thebankloanedmesomemoney.,Doestheloancarryanyinterest?,MayIhavetheloanofyourtypewriter?,loan:1.vt.lend,Theartistloanedherpicturestothemuseum.,2.n.1)sth.lent,esp.asumofmoney,Thedictionaryisaloan,notagift.,2)lending,我可以借你的打字机用一下吗?,DR_word_loan2,Collocation：,请求借用,askfortheloanof,借,havetheloanof,出借的,onloan,内（外）债,adomestic(foreign)loan,公债,国库券,apublic/governmentloan,消费贷款,aloanforconsumption,担保贷款,aloanonsecurity,无息贷款,agift(interest-free)loan,长期贷款,along-termloan,抵押贷款,抵押借款,amortgageloan,DR_word_character1,character:n.,Hehasastrongbutgentlecharacter.,theparticularcollectionofqualitiesthatmakesb./sth.differentfromothers,Thenewbuildingshavechangedthecharacterofthevillage.,品质的培养应是教育的重点。,Characterbuildingshouldbethemainpointofeducation.,DR_word_character2,Ifindallthecharactersinhisnewplayveryreal.,2)personinaplay,movie,etc.,汉字看起来像是一幅幅小图画。,aChinesecharacter,一个汉字,3)letter,signormarkusedinasystemofwritingorprinting,ThecharactersinChinesewritinglooklikesmallpictures.,DR_word_character3,这些词都是名词，都有“性格”、“品质”、“特征”的意思。character指成年人已经充分发展的生活方式，而且往往与品格有关。characteristic指某物的任何方面，不涉及全局的重要性，但常指有代表性的一个侧面，常用于科技领域。feature通常指外貌的特征或特别的、附加的、有吸引力的东西。personality偏重指一个人表现出来的无法明确阐述的整个情绪方面的特点，不与形容词连用时表示情感上的吸引力。,character,characteristic,featurecontrol,Howtohandlethecontradictioncorrectlyamongthepeopleisimportanttosteadydevelopment.,正确处理人们内部的矛盾对稳定发展很重要。,2)touch,lift,orholdwiththehands,Washyourhandsbeforeyouhandlethewhitepaper.,2.n.apartthatisdesignedtobeheldoroperatedwiththehand,Thehandleisnotwellfixed.,DR_word_aboveall,aboveall:mostimportantofall,Hewasconcernedaboveallwiththetruthoftheaccident.,Collocation：,毕竟,终究,归根结底,afterall,完全,全然,atall,首先,firstofall,总计；总的说来,inall,几乎,差一点；除外全部,allbut,总之,allinall,Thebalanceisanapparatusforweighing,notforyoutoplay.,DR_word_balance1,abankbalance,银行余额,Youmaykeepthebalance.,balance:1.n.thedifferencebetweenthecreditandthedebitside;aremainder,剩下来的工资全用来购买花卉栽培的新书上了。,Thebalanceofthewageswasdevotedtonewbooksonflowerculture.,2)aweighingdevice,DR_word_balance2,孩子骑在他的新自行车上用双腿保持平衡。,Thechildcouldkeephisbalancewithhislegsonhisnewbicycle.,Imtryingtobalanceontheballononefootinordertowintheprize.,3)astateofequilibrium,2.v.1)keeporputsth.inasteadyposition,2)showequaltotalsofdebitsandcredits,Myaccountsbalanceforthefirsttimethisyear!,AR_main,UsefulExpressions,SentenceTranslation,SummaryWriting,WritingPractice,MakeUpaStory,ProverbsandQuotations,Discussion,BR_WP_main,WritingPractice,ABriefIntroduction,ASampleEssay,Homework,AR_UsefulExpressions1,UsefulExpressions,1.结结巴巴的英语,brokenEnglish,2.大萧条时期,theDepressiondays,3.上门求助,cometosb.forhelp,4.重整业务,rebuildonesbusiness,5.夏去秋来,