Grammar(主语、同位语从句)

Grammar,主语从句就是在复合句中做句子主语的从句。1.Thattheearthtravelsroundthesunisawell-knownfact.2.Itisuncertainwhethertheartistcandoitornot.3.Whowillacttheleadintheplayhasnotbeendecidedyet.,主语从句,【归纳总结】引导主语从句的词有连词that,whether；连接代词who,whose,what,which,whom,whoever,whatever等；连接副词where,when,whenever,wherever,how,why等。主语从句的that放在句首通常不能省略。2.有时用it作形式主语，将主语从句后置。,在主语从句中常用it做形式主语，而把真正的主语从句后置，常用的句型有：1)Itis+n.+从句Itisafact/anhonour/apitythat-2)Itis+adj.+从句Itisnatural/important/possible/certainthat-3)It+vi.+that-Itseems/appears/happened/turnedoutthat-4)Itis+过去分词+that-Itisreported/said/believed/announced/suggested/wellknownthat-,1Whetherhewilldoitremainsaquestion.2Whatwehaveseenisquitedifferentfromwhatwehavelearned.3Itsapitythathedidntcometothepartyyesterday.4ItisnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglish.5Ithappenedthathewasoutthatday.6Itisreportedthathelosthislifeinthewar.,【常见错误展示】下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。1.Lighttravelsfasterthansoundiscommonknowledge.2.Ifshescomingornotdoesntmattermuch.,That,that虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。,Whether,if,whether都可表示“是否”,但if不能引导位于主句之前的主语从句，它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语it的主语从句。,3.Thattheprofessorsaidisofgreatimportance.4.Wherewillthetreesbeplantedhasnotbeendecided.,What,that引导主语从句时无词义。Whattheprofessorsaid表示“教授所说的”。,将will置于trees之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。,5.Nomatterwhobreakstherulewillbepunished.6.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheldstillremainaquestion.,引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用whoever。,Whoever,主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。,remains,7.Itwasrequestedthateveryonemadeaspeechatthemeeting.,在“Itisrequested/ordered/suggested+that从句”中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。,(should)make,同位语从句,1.同位语从句一般跟在某些名词如idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise等的后面，用以说明或解释该名词的具体内容。如:Thenewsthathisheathisfailingmadeussad.Ihavenoideawheretheyarespendingtheirholidays.,2.同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开，以使整个句子结构显得平衡。如：HegotthenewsfromMarythatthemeetingwasputoff.,3.同位语从句通常由that引导，但that不在从句中充当成分，也不能省略；同位语从句也可以由whether,when,where,how等引导。如：Theyraisedthequestionwhereweshouldgo.Ihavenoideawhatheisdoingnow.Wordcamethathehadbeencaptured.4.引导同位语从句表示“是否”时，只能用whether而不用if。,5.同位语从句与定语从句的区别：Iwontbelievethefactthathetoldalie.Iwontbelievethefact(that)hetoldme.,(that引导同位语从句，对fact进行说明,that不充当句子成分。),(that引导定语从句,对fact进行限定，that在从句中充当宾语。),Wedarednottellhimthetruththathissonhaddied.Wedarednottellhimthetruththathissontoldus.,1._wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.(浙江2008)A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who2._mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.(2007全国卷)WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.Which,高考链接,3._fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.(上海2002春)A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which4._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.(NMET1996)A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where,5.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.(2004上海)A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how,解析:what引导主语从句,在从句中做do的宾语,6.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat_Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.(2004上海)A.asB.whichC.whatD.that,解析:Ithought是插入语,可以把它去掉不考虑.what引导宾语从句,在从句中作主语.宾语从句作at的宾语.,7._leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelight.高考真题A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who,答案是C。“谁最后离开房间应关灯。”whoever意为“无论谁”,引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语。若选A或B,anyone或theperson后应回who,使其成为由who引导的定语从句,修饰anyone或person.,8._hehasbecomearichmanisknowntoallinourtown.高考真题A.BecauseB.ThatC./D.What,答案是B。“他变成了富翁,这是我们镇上下班人人皆知的事。”根据句意,须用that引导的主语从句。that在从句中不担任任何成分,只起连接作用。,=Itisknowntoallinourtownthat-,9.Thenews_hewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.when10.Hissuggestion_themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.A.whichB.thatC./D.it,B,B,11.Ihavenoidea_hewillstart.A.whenB.thatC.whatD./12.Ivecomefromthegovernmentwithamessage_themeetingwontbeheldtomorrow.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which,B,A,13.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether,B,14.Luckily,wedbroughtaroadmap,without_wewouldhavelostourway.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which15.Doyouhaveanyidea_isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?A.thatB.whatC.asD.which,D,B,16.Ihavenoidea_wecanspendourholiday.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what,A,17.Oneofthemenheldtheview_thebooksaidwasright.A.thatB.whatthatC.thatwhatD.whether,that引导同位语从句，补充说明view;what引导主语从句并在同位语从句中作主语。,C,18.Thenews_hetoldusyesterdayisnottrue,butthenews_ourteamhaswonthematchistrue.A./;thatB.that;/C.that;whichD.that;who,A,19_wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.（山东2008）ItB.ThisC.WhatD.As20_isknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.（福建2008）A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which,用适当的单词填空，使下列主语从句意思完整。1._hefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.2._wewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.3.Itisapity_wewontbeabletogotothesouthtospendoursummerholidays.,That,Whether/Where,that,4._sheiscomingornotdoesntmattertoomuch.5._hecamefromstillpuzzlesallofus.6.Ithappened_Isawhimyesterday.7.Itdoesnotmakeanydifferencetome_youdo.,Whether,Where,that,what,8._wasresponsiblefortheaccidentisnotyetclear.9._theywillhavethesportsmeetisstillaquestion.10.Itdoesntmatter_shelookslike.,Who,When/Where/Whether,what,11.Thenewswasveryexciting_ourclasshadwonthefootballmatch.12.Theyarefamiliarwiththeopinion_allmatterconsistsofatoms.13.Theytoldthepolicemanthefact_theyhadnothingtodowiththemurder.,that,that,that,14.Allagreedtohissuggestion_abridgeacrosstheriverbebuilt.15.Thequestion_shoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.16.Thisisouronlyrequest_this(should)besettledassoonaspossible.17.Wordcame_ourChinesewomenteamhadbeatenJapanese.,that,who,that,that,1.我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.2.没有人对他将成为他们的老板这一事实感到高兴。Nooneishappywiththefactthathewillbecometheirboss.3.我们何时开始工作的问题尚未决定。