Lesson4 美国黑人民权运动

LessonFourEverydayUseforyourgrandmama,Thebackgroundinformationofthenovel-Theblackpowermovement,African-AmericanCivilRightsMovement,Introduction,1950sand1960s:yearsofstruggleforblacks1863:yearslaveryabolishedSegregationinthe1950stheseparateandunequaltreatmentofblacksbywhitewasstillthecustominthenorthernpartoftheUnitedStates.Inthesouthernstatesitwasthelaw.,Whatiscivilrightsmovement,Thecivilrightsmovementwasaworldwidepoliticalmovementforequalitybeforethelawoccurringbetweenapproximately1950sand1980s.Mainbattlefields:NorthernIrelandAfricaCanadaUnitedStatesGermanFrance,Eventintroduction,19551968，ThesecondworldwarinAmericanblacksopposeracialsegregationanddiscrimination，partofthecivilrightsmovement.Inthe1950srise,untilthe1970s.Butthroughnon-violentprotests,striveforAfricanAmericanpeoplesrightofmassstruggle.,Eventbackground,In1955,Montgomery,Alabamablackforagainstbussegregationon,insisttoboycottthebusmovementofforoneyear,theSupremeCourtruledsegregationofthebuswasunconstitutional.In1957,southernChristianleadersmeetingcomposition,asthecivil-rightsmovementsmostinfluentialorganizations,tocoordinateallabouttheorganizationsaction,MartinLutherKingforchairman.,Eventbackground,In1960,southernstatesgenerallycarryoutinpublicinthesit-in,showmovementscopehasbeenmoreacitylimitations,activeimpactapartheidsystem.1961and1962,civilrightsmovementwasagainstthekeyrespectivelyonthecoachofapartheidsystemandstriveforthesouthernblacksvotingrights.In1963movementreacheditspeak.InApril,themostserioussegregationofBirmingham,Alabama,blackprotestseruptedstruggle,forcingauthoritiestoacceptblacksdemanded.1965throughthevotingrightsact,formallegislationtoformintheusafterblackpeopleweresuffragerestrictionsintermsofthepublicfacilitiesandvariousaspectsofracialdiscriminationandsegregation.,SupposeyouwereablackcitizeninMontgomery,Alabama,in1954,Examplesofsegregation,Blackpeoplewereonlyallowedtositinthebackofthebus,andhadtogiveuptheirseatsandridestandingifthefrontofthebuswasfullandmorewhitepassengersgoton.,OnThursday,December1,1995,Mrs.RosaParkwasarrestedforrefusingtogiveupherseattoawhitemanonabus.,MartinLutherKing,Ihaveadreamthatmyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.Ihaveadreamtoday,MartinLutherKing,WhenheheardaboutRosaParksarrest,hedecidedtoprotestit.Theboycottsucceededbecause70%ofthebuscompanyscustomerswereblack.DrKingsmessage:tomeetviolencewithnonviolence,tomeethatewithlove.,Resultoftheboycott,In1965:TheUnitedStatesSupremeCourtruledthatitwasillegaltosegregateblacksandwhitesonbuses,trains,orplanes.UseofnonviolentprotestbecamepopularthroughouttheSouth.DrKingledmanypeacefulmarchesagainstsegregationinrestaurants,movietheatres,andotherpublicplaces.,Bigeventsandimportantfigures,1957-ArkansasGov.usesNationalGuardtoblocknineblackstudentsfromattendingaLittleRockHighSchool;followingacourtorder,PresidentEisenhowersendsinFederalTroopstoensurecompliance.1962-PresidentKennedysendsfederaltroopstotheUniversityofMississippitoensureJamesMeredith,theschoolsfirstblackstudent,canattend.,1964-Dr.MartinLutherKingJr.deliversIHaveaDreamspeechtohundredsofthousandsattheMarchonWashington.,1964-CongresspassesCivilRightsActdeclaringdiscriminationbasedonraceillegalafter75-daylongargument.,1966-EdwardBrooke,electedfirstblackU.S.senatorin85years.,1968-MartinLutherKingJr.assassinatedinMemphis,Tennessee;1973-MaynardJackson,firstblackelectedmayorofamajorSouthernU.S.city.1975-VotingRightsActextended.,1988-CongresspassesCivilRightsRestorationActoverPresidentReagansveto.1989-L.DouglasWilder(Virginia)becomesfirstblackelectedgovernor.,1991-CivilrightsmuseumopensatKingassassinationsiteinMemphis.2009-BarackObamatooktheofficeofwhitehousein2009,Conclusion,BlackAmericansan