现在分词作状语有几种形式

Theing-formusedasadverbial,2,现在分词作状语有四种形式1.一般形式，由动词原形ing构成2.完成形式，由having+过去分词3.进行被动式：由being过去分词4.完成被动式：由havingbeen过去分词构成,3,-ing短语作状语称为现在分词短语作状语现在分词短语作状语时，通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作，来对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或作为陪衬,4,Relyingonourownefforts,weovercameallthedifficulties.Theystoodthereforanhour,watchingthegame.Dontjuststandtheredoingnothing.,5,1.现在分词何时用一般形式?,当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且和谓语动词同时发生，则用分词的一般形式Hewasillanddidntattendthemeeting.=Beingill,hedidntattendthemeeting.,6,Whenhesawthosepicture,hecouldnthelpthinkingfthosememorabledaysinthewar.=Seeingthosepictures,hecouldnthelpthinkingofthosememorabledaysinthewar.,7,如果分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作,这动作一发生,谓语表示的动作立即发生,也用分词的一般形式.Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.,8,Reachinghome,hebeganwritingamelodyforit.Walkingoutoftheroom,hefoundtheboystillthere.Arrivingatthehotel,shefoundthembusylayingtables.,9,2.现在分词何时用完成形式？,当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且发生在谓语动作之前，则用分词的完成形式Havingfinishedtheclass,shewenthome.=Aftershefinishedtheclass,10,Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.=Ashehadworked,11,3.现在分词何时用进行被动式？,当分词的动作由主语承受，而且分词的动作与谓语动词同时发生时Beingcriticizedbytheemployer,thenewemployeehunghishead.,12,4.现在分词何时用完成的被动式？,当分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，且分词表示的动作由主语承受Havingbeenbeatenbythefarmer,thehorsewentaway.Havingbeenpraisedforhisjob,Tomworkedharder.,13,Havingbeencutofffromtheirsourceofsupply,theguerrillascampedintheopenandliveonwildplants.,14,现在分词作状语相当于状语从句可表时间，原因，方式，伴随情况，结果或条件等,15,(1)相当于原因状语从句,a.Beingill,shedidntgtoschooltoday.=Assheisill,b.Havingseenthefilm,hedidntgotothecinemawiththem.=Becausehehadseenthefilm,16,c.Feelingtired，Iwenttobedearly.=BecauseIfelttired,d.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldntgetintouchwithher.Becausewedidntknowheraddress,17,Greatlyinterested,Iaskedtohaveatrymyself.Delighted,thegirlsthoughtupmanygoodideas.,18,a.Walkinginthestreet(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet),Icaughtsightofatailorshop.b.Turningaround(Whensheturnedaround),shesawanambulancedrivingup.,（2）相当于时间状语从句,19,c.Whenleavingtheairport(Whentheylefttheairport),theywavedagainandagain.D.Dontmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim(whileyouaretalkingtohim).,20,(3)表示行为方式，伴随情况或补充说明等,a.Holdingthenoteinhishand,hestoodtheredumbfounded.b.Thestudentswentaway,runningandlaughing.c.Staving,hewanderedabout.,21,(4)表示结果,a.Theoldmandied,leavingnothingbutdebts.b.wehurriedtoschool,findingtherewerenostudentsintheschool.c.Theyopenedfire,killingoneofourpatrolmen.,22,(5)表示条件,a.Stayinghereforsometime,youllfindthepeopleherearefriendly.b.Ifplayingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.,23,注意1：不是每个状语从句都能用分词替换只有当分词和句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系时，才能用分词替换,24,BeforeIcameintothelab,thestudenthadbeenseated.Comeinto的动作既不是students发出的也不是students承受，所以不能这样说Comingintothelab,thestudentshadbeenseated.,25,注意2：分词作状语时，分词和句子的主语一定要有逻辑上的主谓关系逻辑上的主谓关系即分词的动作由句子的主语发出或承受,26,Wearesittinghere,makingnotes.make的动作由主语我们发出Beingscoldedbyhismother,theboyhunghishead.Scold的动作由theboy承受,27,注意3：如果分词和句子没有逻辑上的主谓关系，则不能用单个的分词作状语，可以用分词的独立主格结构或状语从句,28,现在分词的独立结构为名词或代词分词，名词或代词是分词的逻辑主语Timepermitting,IllcallonyouthisSunday.Therebeingnomoney,hecouldbuynothing.,29,Heenteringtheoffice,aletterwasfoundontheground.ProfessorZhanghavingfinishedthelecture,hisdriverdrovehimhome.,30,分词作状语时,在少数情况下,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,分词用来修