高考英语题型专题复习：短文改错

Welcometomyclass,高考英语专题复习,短文改错,ByNancy,高考短文改错是知识和能力的综合测试题型。主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性及词、句、篇和语法的综合水平。高考短文改错题设置的考点灵活多变，知识层次多，覆盖面广，包括词法、句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构等，是一种在较高层次上考查考生对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试题型。,Inoureverydaylife,ifwemakesomemistakes,weshouldcorrectthem,thenwearestillgoodfellows.ChairmanMaoswords,作为一个与时俱进的新题型，新课标试卷中的短文改错是考生失分较多的题型。原因有两个方面：一是错误的不确定性。这主要是因为和传统的短文改错相比，新课标短文改错每行可能有两个错误。二是因为设错的内容多为考生在平常进行语言操练时常犯的错误。,（1）词法内容。包括名词、代词的数与格，反身代词，动词时态语态，非谓语动词、短语动词的用法，不规则动词的变化形式，形容词的比较级，形容词副词的区别，介词的误用等。（2）句法内容。包括主谓一致、指代一致，并列连词，从属连词等引导各种从句的关联词语，感叹句，疑问句，祈使句的结构等。（3）行文逻辑。包括句子的肯定、否定、推理判断等。,高考内容,“三歩”“四原则”“四不改”具体考点短文改错口诀短文改错总结,临场应试技巧:,1.通读全文，掌握大意.2.细读全文，逐一作答.3.复读全文，验证答案.,短文改错三步走,1、从篇章着手，理解大意接到试卷后，不应急于改错，而应先通读全文，弄清文章的脉络层次、中心思想，把握作者所采用的时态、语态、人称和数的变化。可以先把短文中明显的错误或疑似错误用铅笔做好标记，待读完全文再说。,时态，人称，逻辑（连词）,2、通读全文后，以句子为单位进行分析、找出错误，并加以改正。P.S.一个句子中一般有一个错误，最多两个错误。全篇共有10个错误。,时态，语态，人称，单复数，连词，adj.adv.,非谓语，介词,3、复读全文，检查核对检查上下文的语气、语意是否贯通、顺理成章；语法结构、时态称呼是否能浑然一体，无疏忽或遗漏的地方；人物称谓、逻辑关系是否明确无误。,大小写，单词拼写。杜绝技术性错误和失误！（照搬原词、多于10个错误）,本课小结短文改错三步走,1.通读全文，掌握大意.2.细读全文，逐一作答.3.复读全文，验证答案.,三步,时态，人称，逻辑（连词）,时态，语态，人称，数，连词，adj.adv.,非谓语，介词,大小写，拼写，杜绝技术性错误,一、错误以改动最少为原则二、虚词以添加或删除为原则三、实词以改变形式为原则四、原意以坚持不变为原则,四原则,(一)、错误以改动最少为原则Althoughheisachild,butheknowsalot.,(二)、虚词以添加或删除为原则,1、TheyareafraidofIwillfeellonely.2、Buthewasevenmoresurprisedtoseefewchildrennearthetigerscage.,a,1、Wouldyouminddomeafavor?2、Iamsurewewillhaveawonderfullytimetogether.,doing,wonderful,（三）、实词以改变形式为原则,1、IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.2、ButIknowabullcanrunmorefasterthanaman.3、Modernpeopleknowmoreabouthealth,havebetterfood,andtoliveinclearsurroundings.,（四）原意以坚持不变为原则,1.单词拼写不改.2.大小写不改.3.词序不改.4.标点符号不改.,四不改,Examples:,Iwillgotothetheartreafterclass.(单词拼写不改)BecauseIdontlikeloudmusic,soIwontgototheKTVwithyou.(大小写不改)OnlywhenIleftmyparentsIrealizehowmuchIlovedthem.(词序不改)BeforelongIwillleaveBeijing.IamsoexcitedbecauseIhaveneverbeentherebefore.(词序不改)Iamnotperfect.But,Iwillneverstoptoperfectmyself.(标点符号不改),a.(00)Shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateallwishedmesuccess.,schoolmates,b.(04)Afterclasswebecomestrangeratonce.,strangers,c.(01)TheywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothatIllgetmarksinallmysubject.,subjects,1.名词,考点设置,e.(02)OnthewayupIwasbusytakingpicturesincethescenerywassobeautiful.,pictures,e.Igottheinformationsintime.,命题特点:本来用复数,却用单数；反而反之改正方法:(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份;(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系.,f.(06)Hehadnoideasthatthekitchenwasnotforguests.,information,idea,g、(07)Ilookedathisotherhands.,hand,h、(08)Istayedhereforoneandahalfhourand,hours,a.(02)Itwasaboutnoonwhenwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.Thethreeofthemwereveryexcited.,b.(03)SoonIbegantoenjoytalkingtomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.,us,2.代词,myself,c.(03)OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.,d.(05)Somestudentsmayalsosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.,it,their,e.(03)IwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.f.(06)Ijustsmiledtomeandthought,“WhatcanIdo?Weareguestsafterall.”,命题特点：1.男女不分；2.单数指代复数；3.代词词性误用。改正方法：联系上下文的逻辑关系。,myself,myself,a.(01)wedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.,b.(02)IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.,c.(03)ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateanythingintoEnglish.,d.(04)Welltalkwithourplanfortheweekendoverdinner.,3.介词,about,e.(05)Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.,for,f.Hewaslookingforaglassthecupboard.,in,g.Eachtheselinesstandsforatroubleinmylife.,of,h.Everypatientwastakengoodcarebythedoctorsandnurses.,of,i.Ilikemusic,readingandcyclingaswellas.,命题特点及改正方法：介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：1）介词的基本用法；习惯搭配2）被动式中的介词不能省；3）通过词类确定错误，如:visitsp.payavisittosp.等。4)介词后面加宾语，无宾要把介丢掉。,1.Wepractiseforthreetimeseveryweek.(NMET98),2.AndIcantforgetthefoodyoucookedforI.(NMET95),me,a.(01)Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkathome;theywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothat,do,b.(02)Thetimepassesquickly.Eveningcame.,4.动词时态,passed,命题特点及改正方法：现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。要注意联系上下文，着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。,a.(00)Sheissmilingatmebutnoddingatme.,and,b.(01)Itlooksasifmyparentstreatmeasavisitorandaguest.,c.(02)Thefoodwasexpensiveandtheservicewasgood.,or,5.andbutor误用及前后不一致,but,d.(06)Icameintothelivingroomandsawoneofthemjustgothroughthekitchendoorbutturnonthelight.,e.(02)wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.,and,visited,命题特点：主要考查and、or、but、so等并列连词的误用。改正方法；1）根据句意确定错误；2）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。,a.(02)Itwasaboutnoonwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.,b.(03)ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateeverythingintoEnglish.,6.从句连词,when,c.(06)Theydidnotwantbreakfastbecausethattheyweregoingoutearlyinthemorning.,命题特点及改正方法：句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）复合句中边接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。,a.(02)Aseveryoneknows,itsfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.,the,b.(01)Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof,but-,7.冠词,a,d.(05)Ihopeyouvehadpleasantjourneyhome.,a,命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1）不定冠词a和an互改；2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3）根据需要增删冠词。,a.(04)Iwoulddescribemyselfasshyandquietly.,quiet,b.(04)FindinginformationontheNetiseasily.,easy,8.形容词、副词,c.(05)Mypronunciationwasterribly.,terrible,d.Theycamebacklatelyandhadsometea.,late,命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。1）根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误；2）修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。,a.(01)MyparentswilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.,to,b.(02)Wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.,talking,c.(03)SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmyselfinsimpleEnglish.,9.非谓语动词,visited,d.(05)Somestudentsmayalsotosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.,f.Earntheirownmoneyallowsthemtospendonanythingastheyplease.,命题特点改正方法：1）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；2）动词不定式和动名词的错用；3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等。,Earning,g.Feelingsurprising,heopenedthedoor.,surprised,动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别，习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注；冠词连词常光顾。,短文改错口诀：,一、动词形,主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：,NMET2003：Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.NMET2000：Nowmypictureandprizeishanginginthelibrary.,read,are,动词形常见错误,一般过去时与一般现在时错用。第三人称单数形式错用。and前后动词时态不一致。(and具有对称性）主谓不一致。缺少谓语动词（尤其缺be动词）主动语态与被动语态错用Usedto的运用错误,二、名词数,指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：,NMET2001：sothatIllgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.NMET2003:Theirwordwereagreatencouragementtome._,subjects,words,改正方法：根据名词前的修饰限定成份根据上下文的逻辑关系,1.Thereareadvantageforstudentstoworkwhilestudyingatschool.(NMET2005),2.OnthewayupIwasbusytakingpicturesincethescenerywassobeautiful.(NMET2002）,advantages,pictures,三、还要注意形和副,注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。例如：,NMET2004:Iwoulddescribemyselfasshyandquietly._NMET2005:Heaskedangryifwehadfinishedthework._,quiet,angrily,Mypronunciationwasterribly.(NMET2005),2.Unfortunate,therearetoomanypeopleinmyfamily.(NMET99),terrible,Unfortunately,2006湖北卷：Ahelpinghandisalwaysstrongerenoughtoliftyouup.2006辽宁卷：Shewasusualpatientwithherstudentsandnevermadethemdisappointed.,strong,usually,a.(04)Iwoulddescribemyselfasshyandquietly.,quiet,b.(04)TherehavebeenreportsinAmericaaboutpeopletryingtostealpersoninformationforbadpurposes.,personal,c.(04)FindinginformationontheNetiseasily.,easy,d.(05)SowhatIlearnedfromthejobwasmuchmoreimportantaswhatIearned.,than,8.形容词、副词,四、非谓语，细辨别,这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词，动名词和不定式错误。例如：,NMET2001：MyparentslovemeandwilldoalltheycanmakesureNMET2002:Wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories._NMET2003:SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmyselfinsimpleEnglish._,to,visited,talking,非谓语动词常见的错误,1）不定式2）动名词作主语、宾语3）and连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时）4）现在分词和过去分词的区别等。,1.TheywilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.(NMET2001),2.Playfootballmakesusgrowuptallandstrong.(NMET1998）,to,Playing,人称代词，物主代词的使用反身代词oneself的使用人称代词的主格和宾格不定代词的使用Both,all,either,neither,none的使用.6.Whose和whos，its和its的区别,五、代词格，细领悟,（2007全国I）Iwasonlyaboutsixthatheheldhishandouttome.Itookitinmeandwewalked.,mine,when,1.人称代词的偷换错误,2.缺少人称代词的错误,3.人称代词数的一致问题,4.人称代词格的一致问题,代词的错误,1.TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.(NMET03)2.IhaveagoodfriendwhosnameisLiuMei.(2004福建),their,whose,2007全国II：Whiletheothersarejumpingaboutintheair,Icanrunundermylegsandgettheball.2007陕西：JustatthattimeIwokeupandfoundmestillinbed!2006辽宁卷：Shealwaysmadesurethatourhomeworkwasfinishedontime,andshemarkedstrictlyonstudentsactualperformance.,students/our,their,myself,五、习惯用法要记住,主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。例如：,NMET2000:Suddenly,IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacher._NMET2003:Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary._,a,a,六、句子成分多分析,不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：,NMET2004:Idontknowthattheydontliketotalkwithme._NMET1997：IliveinBeijing，whereisthecapitalofChina._,why,which,七、逻辑错误须关注,与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴。例如：,NMET2003:ThemainproblemwasthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateanythingintoEnglish._NMET2005:Somestudentsmayalsosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse._,everything,their,常考的错误形式有：连词but，and，or和so的用法错误，以及冠词的用法错误等。例如：,NMET2000：ShewassmilingbutnoddingatmeNMET2001：Itlooksasifmyparentstreatmeasavisitorandaguest.NMET2001：Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof.,and,or,the,八、冠词、连词常光顾,常考的错误形式有：连词but，and，or和so的用法错误，以及冠词的用法错误等。,2oo7全国II：ImeanttowritelongletterandtellyouallthethingsImdoingattheschool2007四川卷：AnAustralianfarmerfoundthekangaroocaughtinthefencearoundhisfarms.,a,a,九、冠词、连词常光顾,a.(02)Aseveryoneknows,itsfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.,the,b.(01)Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof,but-,c.(04)onThursdayIwillhavetodecidewhatIwanttodooveraweekend.,the,7.冠词,a,d.(05)Ihopeyouvehadpleasantjourneyhome,a,命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1）不定冠词a和an互改；2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3）根据需要增删冠词。,2007浙江卷：TodayIwashavingaPElessonwhileIfelldownandhurtmyfoot.2006辽宁卷：Shealwaysmadesurethatourhomeworkwasfinishedontime,butshemarkedstrictlyonouractualperformance.2007四川卷：Hethoughtthepooranimalwasinjured,butthekindfarmertookoffhisjacketandputontheanimal.,when,and,and,f.(05)Earningtheirownmoneyallowsthemtospendonanythingasiftheyplease.,g.(06)Theydidnotwantbreakfastbecausethattheyweregoingoutearlyinthemorning.,if,that,命题特点及改正方法：句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）复合句中边接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。,a.(00)Sheissmilingatmebutnoddingatme.,and,b.(01)Itlooksasifmyparentstreatmeasavisitorandaguest.,c.(