英语unit1《Talesoftheunexplained》grammar课件（译林牛津版必修2）

高一英语,Module2Unit1GrammarusagePresentperfecttense(1),TheformofthePresentperfecttense,have/has+过去分词,ThedisappearanceofJustin_(make)Kellyveryunhappy.,hasmade,Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutthingsthathappenedintherecentpast,butareconnectedtothepresent.,Note:,Theusesofthepresentperfecttense,I_(notsee)JustinsincelastFridaynight.,havenotseen,Wealsousethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutsomethingthatstartedinthepast,andisstillhappeningnow.,Note:,1.We_(study)Englishforaboutfiveyears.2.They_(live)inthesouthsincetheirdaughterwasborn.3.Thestudent_(finish)herhomeworkalready.,havestudied,havelived,hasfinished,Weusethepresentperfecttensewhentheexacttimeofanactionisnotclearorimportant.Weuseitwithtimeexpressionssuchas:already,ever,for,just,lately,never,recently,since,yet,Note:,already,yet,for,since,Weusealreadyforaffirmativestatementsandyetfornegativestatements.Weusefor+aperiodoftimeandsince+apointintime.,Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutactionsthatwerecompletedonlyashorttimeago.Inthiscase,justisused.Payattentiontothepositionofjust.,Note:,Hehasjustgoneout.(=Heisnotherenow.)Ihavejustheardthenews.(=NowIknowthenews.),Wecanalsousethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions,thatis,weusethepresentperfecttensewiththetimeexpressionsonce/twice/threetimes,I_(read)yourarticlethreetimes.Itswellwritten.,haveread,Note:,Thepresentperfecttenseisnormallyusedforanactionwhichlaststhroughoutanincompleteperiod,butwiththepastsimpletense,weusetimeexpressionswhichisafixedpointinthepast.,1.Tomhashadabadcarcrash.(Hesprobablystillinhospitalnow.)Tomhadabadcarcrash.(Buthesprobablyoutofhospitalnow.)2.Thelifthasbrokendown.(Wehavetousethestairs.)Theliftbrokedown.(Butitsprobablyworkingagainnow.),Forapastactionwhosetimeisnotdefiniteandoftenhasaresultinthepresent.,WehaventseenJustinforaweek.(Heisstillmissing.)Justindisappearedlastweek.(ItmaymeanthatthisweekJustinishere.)Hehassmokedsinceheleftschool.(Hestillsmokes.)Hesmokedforsixmonths.(Itmeansthathestoppedsmokingthen.),Sometimes,however,theactionfinishesatthetimeofspeaking.Ithasbeenverycoldlatelybutitsjustbeginningtogetwarmer.Onmeetingsomeone,youmaysay:Ihaventseenyouforages.(ButIseeyounow.),Tomhasrungupthreetimesthismorning.(Nowitisstillmorning.)Tomrangupthreetimesthismorning.(Nowitisnotmorning.),1._you_mypen?Yes,I_itonyourdeskjustnow.(see)2._you_dinner?Yes,I_itwithMary.(have)_thepostman_yetthismorning?_thepostman_thismorning?(come),Have,Have,had,Did,Have,Thepresentperfecttenseandthepastsimpletense,seen,come,come,had,saw,1._thatdresswhenIfirstsawyouatthestation?A.WereyouwearingB.HaveyouwornC.DidyouwearD.Doyouwear,A,2.“Tellthestudentstostopshouting.We_ouressays.”A.writeB.havebeenwritingC.arewritingD.havewritten,C,3.Myuncle,Sam,_managerofthefirm.A.hasjustmadeB.isjustbeingmadeC.hasjustbeenmadeD.isjustmade4.Thisisthefirsttimethestudents_toHydePark.A.havegoneB.havebeengoneC.havebeengoingD.arebeinggone,C,A,现在完成时用法表示到现在为止的这一段时间里所发生的动作（多次动作的总和）或情况（某种状态的延续）：Wehavelearnt500Englishwordsthisterm.本学期我们学了500个英语单词。（动作的总和）Theyhavebuiltthreebridgesovertheriversince1970.1970年以来他们在这条河上架起了三座桥梁。（动作的总和）Mr.Whitehasworkedherefortenyears.怀特先生在这里工作了10年。（状态的延续）Myfatherhasbeensickfortwoweeks.我父亲生病两个星期了。（状态的延续）,表示对现状有影响的某一已经发生的动作（强调这一动作对现在的影响）：Theprofessorhavealreadygonetothelaboratory.教授已经到实验室去了。(Theprofessorisnotherenow.)Shehasalreadyreadthenovel.她已经读了这本小说。(Sheknowsthenovel.)Ihaventtoldhimabouttheresult.我还没有告诉他这个结果。(Hedoesntknowtheresult.),在现在完成时态中，瞬间动词不可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用：电影已经开演30分钟了。错误：Themoviehasbegunfor30minutes.正确：Themoviehasbeenonfor30minutes.他的祖父已经去世三年了错误：Hisgrandpahasdiedfor3years.正确：Hisgrandpahasbeendeadfor3years.他们回来已经有两天了。错误：Theyhavecomebackfortwodays.正确：Theyhavebeenbackfortwodays.,be在现在完成时中可表示一种经历：ThecouplehavebeentoTibetthreetimes.这对夫妇到西藏去过两次。比较：ShehasbeentoBeijingbefore.她以前到北京去过。（一种经历）ShehasgonetoBeijingalready.她已经到北京去了。(她不在此地,说明过去动作对现在的影响.),1.Greatchanges_inthecity,andalotoffactories_inthelastfiveyears.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.havebeentakingplace;havesetup2.Hello!I_you_inLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?A.dontknow;wereB.hadntknown;areC.haventknown;areD.didntknow;were,B,D,3.-Where_therecorder?Icantseeitanywhere.-I_itrighthere.Butnowitsgone!A.didyouput;haveputB.haveyouput;putC.hadyouput;wereputtingD.wereyouputting;haveput4.-Doyouknowourtownatall?-No,thisisthefirsttimeI_here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming,B,B,5.Idontreallyworkhere,I_untilthenewsecretaryarrives.A.justhelpoutB.havejusthelpedoutC.amjusthelpingoutD.willjusthelpout6.-_thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.-Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.IvebeentoldB.IvetoldC.ImtoldD.Itold,C,A,7.-Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.-Iamtired.I_theliving-roomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted8.-Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!-Oh,Imterriblysorry._.A.ImnotnoticingB.IwasntnoticingC.IhaventnoticedD.Idontnotice,C,B,9.ThereportersaidthattheUFO_easttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastravelingB.traveledC.hadbeentravelingD.wastotravel10.-Look,yourshoesandtrousersarewetthrough._?-Wateringtheflowersinthegarden.A.WhatdidyouB.WhathaveyoudoneC.WhatareyoudoingD.Whathaveyoubeendoing,A,D,11.Prof.Wang_inthelabfornearlysixhours.Hemustbeverytirednow.A.workedB.hasworkedC.hasbeenworkingD.isworking12.Mrs.Peterson_inthisschool_thepasttenyears.A.hasbeenteaching;forB.hadbeenteaching;sinceC.wouldteach;forD.wasteaching;since,C,A,13.A:MissJones_musicatEtonSchoolfor10years.B:NowonderIoftenhearhersinginginhergarden.A.teachesB.usedtoteachC.isteachingD.hasbeenteaching14.A:Ithinkthewaitressmusthaveforgottenus.We_hereforoverhalfanhourandnobody_ourorderyet.A.havebeenwaiting;hastakenB.havebeenwaiting;tookC.havebeenwaited;hastakenD.havewaited;took,D,A,15.Noneofthestudentsisallowedtoleavetheroomuntilthey_theexperiment.A.finishedB.havefinishedC.hadfinishedD.willfinish16.BynowtheGradeOnestudents_about2000Englishwordsandphrases.A.arelearningB.havebeenlearningC.hadlearnedD.havelearned,B,D,17.I_myhistorylessonthistimeyesterday.NowI_alltheworkfortoday.A.wasreviewing;havedoneB.reviewed;havedoneC.wasreviewing;haddoneD.reviewed;amdoing18.A:Sorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong!B:I_hereonlyforfiveminutes.A.havearrivedB.havereachedC.havegotD.havebeen,A,D,19.A:Wherehaveyoubeen?I_youthewholeday.B:Iwasinthelibrarydoingsomereadingallthisafternoon.A.havebeentelephoningB.hadtelephonedC.telephonedD.