八年级英语外研版上课件动词不定式用法

TheInfinitive,Whatarethethreenon-predicatesinEnglish?,TheInfinitivetodosthtobedoingsthtohavedoneTheParticipledoinghavingdonedoneTheGerunddoinghavingdone,语法：动词不定式在句子中的作用,作主语：,e.g.Tosayisonething;todoisanother.,Itsimportanttodoitrightaway.,作表语：,e.g.Whatyoushouldistoleavehereatonce.,Theproblemishowtodoit.,作宾语：,e.g.Iwanttobuysomethingforhim.,Idontknowwhattodonext.,作宾语补足语：,e.g.Heaskedmetowaitforhimforawhile.,Myfatherletsmegooutaloneatnight.,不带to的不定式作宾补！,作定语（位于名词或代词之后）：,e.g.Doyouhaveanythingtosay?,Haveyougotthepermissiontousethecomputer?,作状语（目的、结果、原因等）：,e.g.Weeattolive;wedontlivetoeat.,目的,e.g.Wewenttoseehimonlytofindhimout.,结果状语,e.g.Wearegladtoseeyou.,原因状语,在tootodo;adj./adv.+enoughtodo结构中作结果状语；在inorderto;soasto结构中作目的状语；在be+adj.+todo中作原因或方式状语。,e.g.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.,Hegotupearlysoastocatchthebus.,Imsorrytohearthat.,Toselecttherightcolorsisimportantforbusiness.(subject),2.MydreamistogotoBeijingUniversity.(predicative),3.Westernbrideschoosetowearwhiteontheirweddingdays.(object),4.Toattractmorecustomers,theypainttheirrestaurantred.(adverbial),5.Ihavenowaytohelphimoutoftrouble.(attribute),5.IdontthinkitdifficulttoimproveourEnglishinashorttime.(formalobject),6.Neverhesitatetohelpothers.(object),Wehavebeentoldwhenandwheretohavethephysicalexamination.(object),8.Itisnecessaryforyoungpeoplenowadaystomasteratleastoneforeignlanguage.(formalsubject),Specialpatterns:,Heissaidtohavealreadyfinishedhistask.=Itissaidthathehasalreadyfinished,2.Heisthoughttobethebestplayer.=Itisthoughtthatheisthebestplayer.,3.SheisbelievedtohavelandedinAmerica=Itisbelievedthatshehaslanded,4.Youseemtohaveseenthefilm.=Itseemsthatyouhaveseenthefilm.,onlytodo-,Hehurriedbacktohishouse,onlytofindthatitwasempty,2.Hesurvivedtheaircrash,onlytodieinthedesert,3.Irantothestation,onlytoseethetrainwasoutofthestation.,4.Heenjoyedlaughingatothers,onlytofindhimselflaughedat.,不带to的不定式,feel，hear，see,watch,listento,lookat,observe,notice*Isawwatchedhimdriveoff*Iheardhimlockthedoor(but:Hewasseentoentertheoffice),b.make,let,have(lethasnopassivevoice),c.hadbetter,wouldratherthandoanything/nothingbut/except,*Hedoesnothingbutcomplain*Mydogdoeseverythingbutspeak,动词不定式易考点：,1.Theyaresaidto_(在建）abridge.,A.buildB.builtC.havebuiltD.bebuilding.,D,2.Sheseemedto_mebefore.,A.bemeetingB.havemetC.havebeenmeeting,B,动词不定式有时态的变化！常有进行时（不定式动作在持续）、完成时（在谓语动作之前完成）、完成进行时（在谓语动作之前已经开始并一直持续的动作）。,3.Shedoesntliketo_(被表扬）inpublic.,A.praiseB.bepraisingC.bepraised,C,4.Thecoatistoolargeto_.,A.wearB.bewornC.bewearing,A,动词不定式有被动语态（即逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时使用），但在以下四种情况中不定式主动表被动！,在too(enough)to结构中,在therebe结构中：,e.g.Thereisalotofwork_.,todo,too+adj./adv.+todo,*Youaretooyoungtounderstand*Hewastoodrunktodrivehome.*Thecasewastooheavy（forher）tocarry.,+adj+enough+todosth.*youareoldenoughtosupportyourself.*Theicewasthickenoughtowalkon.,在形容词easy,difficult,hard,good,heavy等词后作状语时。,e.g.Thenoveliseasytoread.,Thebagisheavytocarryatthattime.,虽然不定式与修饰词之间有逻辑动宾关系，但如与另外一个名词或代词具备逻辑主谓关系，不定式亦用主动表被动意义。,e.g.Pleasegivethechildrensomebookstoread.,Ihavenothingtosay.,动宾关系,主谓,三：动词不定式的省略问题：为了避免重复前面已经出现的动词，可以省去不定式中的动词及其宾语。,e.g.Wouldyouliketoseeourbaby?-Idloveto(seeyourbaby).,省略！,Iwanttomendyourradio,butIdontknow_(如何修）？,howto,Theboywanttoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthisfathertoldhim_.,A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto,A,四：不定式作定语需要加介词的情况：,1.与它修饰的词有动宾关系，而该不定式中的动词又是不及物动词时，其后需加适当的介词以带逻辑宾语：,e.g.Sheisaverynicepersontoworkwith.,Thereisnothingto_(担心）.,worryabout,2.与修饰的词有动宾关系的不定式，虽动词是及物动词但已带有自己的宾语，其后需加适当的介词，以将不定式短语与其修饰的词连接起来。,e.g.Hereisaboxtoputthingsin.,动宾,介宾,=putthingsinabox.,Jackistheverypersonto_(讨论这个问题）。,discussthematterwith,3.动词不定式修饰表地点的词如room,house,school等时，不定式需加适当的介词。,e.g.Heislookingforahoteltostayat.,Ihaveasmallroom_(居住).,tolivein,注意：不定式所修饰的词表不定式动作发生的时间、方式时，常不加介词！,e.g.Itstimetogetup.,Thatwillbethebestwaytosolvetheproblem.,4。不定式的时态Isawhimgoout.（同时或之后）Imsorrygladtobeworkingwithyou（进行）Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.（之前）,Practice:,1.Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.,NoteatingB.toeatnotC.nottoeatD.eatingnot,C,2.Thelittletimewehavetogetherwetry_wisely.,A.spendingB.tospenditC.tospendD.spendingthat,B,3.WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidGeorgewastheperson_.,A.tosendB.forsendingC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto,C,4.Therearefivepairs_,butImatalosswhichtobuy.,A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing,B,5.Tofetchwaterbeforebreakfastseemedtomearule_.,A.ToneverbreakB.nevertobebrokenC.nevertohavebrokenD.nevertobebreaking,B,不定式,B,该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：,tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain,B,不定式,因为主语是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成thepurposeistonottodo句型，故选B。,D,不定式,该题考查动词不定式做宾语的用法。wouldlove(like)to是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合题意。Wouldlove+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望而未曾实现”的意思。,例如：ItwasthefirstsuchprojecttobedesignedbyChineseengineers.Thequestiontobediscussedatthenextmeetingwillberatherdif