名师指津 高考英语写作基础技能步步高：2 句子成分II：表语定语状语补

句子成分II：表语/定语/状语/补,一、表语系动词是表示人或事物状态、性质的动词,如:be,get,sound,look,seem,feel等。系动词后面的部分叫表语。作表语的典型词类是形容词,也可以名词、数词、极少数副词(如here,there)、介词短语、不定式、分词、表语从句等。系动词与表语共同构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质等。,练习：请找出下列句子的表语并指出表语是由什么来充当的(名词、数词、形容词、介词,不定式,分词,还是表语从句)。1.Mywalletisonthedesk.(_)2.Thebookisntmine.(_),mine,名词。,onthedesk,介词短语。,3.Theleavesturnyellowinfall.(_)4.Hehasbecomeapoliceofficer.(_),apoliceofficer,名词。,yellow,形容词。,5.Mysuggestionisthatweshouldstartatonce.(_)6.Mysuggestionistoleaveatonce.(_),toleaveatonce,不定式短语。,thatweshouldstartatonce.表语从句。,7.Hisspeechwasboring.(_)8.Thewholeclassgotexcitedatthegoodnews.(_),excited,过去分词。,boring,现在分词。,二、定语定语用来修饰名词或代词,起限定作用。作定语的典型词类是形容词和形容词性物主代词,也可以是数词、名词、介词短语、分词、定语从句等。定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰复合不定代词(如something)时,或者是短语或定语从句作定语,则总是放在所修饰名词的后边。,练习：请找出下列句子的定语并指出定语是由什么充当(形容词、形容词性代词、数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语从句)1.Thebeautifulsightattractsmanytouristseveryyear.(_),beautiful,形容词;many,数词。,2.Thewalletonthedeskismine.(_)3.Thedemandingbosswasntsatisfiedwithmywork.(_),demanding,现在分词;my,形容词性代词。,onthedesk,介词短语。,4.Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.(_)5.Heisoneofthestudentsthathavebeenlate.(_),beingrepaired,现在分词短语;our,形容词性代词。,one,数词;thathavebeenlate,定语从句,6.Theexcitedboysburstintocheers.(_)7.Awomanpoliceofficerwaspraisedforhergoodwork.(_),woman,名词;good,形容词。,excited,过去分词。,三、状语状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等,作状语的典型词类是副词,也可以是介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句等。,练习：请找出下列句子的状语并指出状语是由什么充当(副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句)。1.Hedidhishomeworkcarefullyathome.(_),carefully,副词;athome,介词词组。,todosomeshopping不定式作目的状语;onSunday介词短语表时间。,2.HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.(_),3.WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.(_)4.Feelingtired,hewenttobedwithoutsupper.(_),Feelingtired,现在分词短语表原因;withoutsupper,介词短语表方式。,WhenIgrowup,时间状语从句。,5.Helosthisjobduetohislackofpatience.(_)6.Broughtupinthecountry,hefindsithardtoadjusthimselftocitylife.(_),Broughtupinthecountry,过去分词短语表原因。,duetohislackofpatience介词短语表原因。,四、补足语补充说明主语的称为主语补足语;补充说明宾语的称为宾语补足语。作补足语的典型词类是形容词,也可以是名词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词等。,练习：请找出下列句子的宾语补足语并指出它是由什么充当的(名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词)。1.TheyelectedJohnmonitor.(_)2.Hetreatedhismistakeasajoke.(_),asajoke,介词词组。,monitor名词,3.Weheardhersingingasong.(_)4.Hetoldmetomakemyowndecision.(_),tomakemyowndecision,动词不定式,singingasong,现在分词短语。,5.Ithinkitwrongofhimtodeclinemyoffer.(_)6.Hewatchedaninsectcaughtbyabird.(_),caughtb