分词作表语和宾补

SentencesselectedfromText,However,Riverasurvivedoneblowafteranother;hisexcellentdefencewasfrightening.Hegrewmoreexperienced.Dannyfoundtheboynotevendaringtocomenearhim.,ParticipleasPredicative&asObjectComplement,I.作表语(predicative)现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性；过去分词多表示主语所处的状态，e.g.Thenewswasexciting.Thesituationisencouraging.Shelookeddisappointed.Linkverb:appear,seem,get,sound,become,taste,etc.,注：已经成为形容词的分词，可以用very修饰；没有完全成为形容词的分词宜用much或quite，有时也可用verymuch，动词用much修饰。如：Imveryinterestedinyourstory.Hesmuchrespectedbyhisstudents.,注：过去分词作表语时，应注意与被动结构的区别。系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点；被动结构强调谓语动作，指主语所承受的动作。系表结构：a.常用一般现在或一般过去时态；b.一般不带状语；c.可以有不及物动词的过去分词。被动结构：a.有多种时态，常与主动语态的时态一致；b.可以带时间、方式或by短语作状语；c.必须是及物动词。,Thesmallvillageissurroundedbytrees.(状态)Thesmallvillagewassoonsurroundedbyenemysoldiers.(动作)Iminterestedinchess.Iwasinterestedbywhatyoutoldme.,作宾语补足语(objectcomplement)：,两类动词可以加分词作宾补）感官动词：feel,listento,hear,lookat,see,watch,notice,observe,smell,find）使役动词：have，make，keep，get，leave，set，send，start，etc,现在分词做宾语补足语，如：Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.Hetriedtostarttheenginerunning.注：现在分词做宾语补足语表示动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行，强调动作过程。,作宾语补足语(objectcomplement)：,过去分词做宾语补足语，如：HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom.WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourselfunderstood.Youdbetterhaveyourshoesmended.注：过去分词做宾语补足语表示动作完成结果，并有被动意义。,现在分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语补足语一般为宾语所做的动作；过去分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：Hesawanoldmangettingonthebus.Anoldmanwasgettingonthebus.IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.Idontwantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.,with+宾语+宾补的结构Withallmyjobfinished,Ibegantoplanformyholiday.Thestudentsweresittingintheclassroomwiththeireyesfixedontheteachers.Shefellasleepwiththelightburning.,subject+object+,感官动词,使役动词,不定式-主动做某事或者经常做某事,现在分词-正在做某事一直做某事,过去分词-已经被做,不定式、分词作宾语补足语的区别：,Ihadmyfatherrepairmywatch.Motherhadmedoingthehomeworkthewholemorning.Ihadmyhaircut.,（均指宾语）,1.Shelikestohaveanapintheroomwiththedoor_.A.closeB.closingC.closedD.beingclosed2.Thespeakingraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldntmakehimself_.A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard3.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire_allnight.A.toburnB.burnC.burningD.burned4.Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay5.Seeingthesun_abovethesurfaceofthesea,weletoutashoutofjoy.A.toriseB.toraiseC.risingD.raising,C,D,C,A,C,6.Howcouldyoufacethestudents_you?A.listeningtoB.listeningC.listenedD.listento7.HefoundIrene_atthepiano.A.seatingB.seatedC.isseatingD.tobeseated8.Hewasdisappointedtofindhissuggestions_.A.beenturneddownB.turneddownC.tobeturneddownD.toturndown9._fromthemoon,ourearth,withwater_70percentofitssurface,appearstobea“blueball”.Seen,coveredB.Seeing,coveringC.Seen,coveringD.Tosee,tocover,A,B,B,C,10.Theyallwentintothehouse,_me_terriblefool.toleave,feelB.leaving,feelingC.left,feelingD.leaving,tofeel11.Icantgetmycar_oncoldmornings,soIhavetotry_theradiatorwithsomehotwater.run,tofillB.running,fillingC.running,tofillD.ran,filling12.Theboy_ontheground_thathehad_themoneyonthedesk.lay,lied,layB.lying,lied,lainC.lies,laid,lainD.lying,lied,laid,B,B,D,13._atthestation,wefoundthetrain_.Arrived,goneB.Arriving,goC.Toarrive,goingD.Arriving,gone14.Whatawaste!Whydoyouhavethewater_allthetime?A.toflowB.flowC.flowingD.flown15.Itwassocoldthatthetravelersleftthefire_allthenight.A.burnB.burningC.burntD.toburn16.Finallytheyfoundthelostchild_onthestreet,coldandhungry.wanderingB.tobewanderingC.wanderedD.beingwandered,D,C,B,A,17.Thestudentcaught_inthetoiletwasseverelypunished.smokeB.tobesmokingC.smokingD.smoked18.Withtheprofessor_howtodotheexperiment,allthestudentsgottherequiredresult.toinstructB.instructedC.instructD.instructing19.Theoldcoupleareoftenseen_alongtheriversideafterdinner,handinhand.A.towalkB.walkC.walkingD.beworking,C,D,A,20.Theforcethatkeepsobjects_tothegroundiscalledgravity.A.fallingB.fallenC.tofallD.fromfalling21.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_.