综英5 Unit-06 How America Lives.ppt

新世纪高等院校英语专业本科系列教材（修订版）综合教程第五册(第2版)电子教案,Unit6HowAmericaLives,上海外语教育出版社南京信息工程大学刘杰海,Coverpage,Pre-R:pictureactivation,CanyouspecifytypicalAmericans?,PictureActivation|Pre-questions,Pre-R:Q1,1.Withtheever-increasingcontactbetweentheChineseandAmericanpeoples,wearegettingtoknoweachotherbetter.BasedonyourcommunicationwithsomeAmericansoryourreadingaboutthatnation,whatopinionsdoyouholdabouttheAmericanpeople?,PictureActivation|Pre-questions,Openfordiscussion,Pre-R:Q2,2.ChineseandAmericansaretwogreatpeoplesintheworld.Theyhaveobvioussimilaritiesanddifferences.Makesomecomparisonandcontrastbetweenthem.,PictureActivation|Pre-questions,Openfordiscussion,G-R:textintroduction,JamesAlbertMichener,inthistext,showsreaderschangesofAmericansocietyin:politics,courtshipandmarriage,feminist;andalsotheexistenceofthreeseriousproblemsin:schooleducation,jobsopportunitiesandwelfare,andhousingfortheyoung.Despitetheseproblems,thewriterfeelsconfidentthatAmericahasgoodprospects.Hefeelsproudofhismotherland,ofthegreatAmericanpeople,andoftheuniqueAmericandemocraticsystem.,TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|Structure,G-R:culturenotes-1,Puritanism(Paragraph3)thepracticesanddoctrinesofthePuritanswhoweremembersofagroupofProtestantsin16th-and17th-centuryEnglandand17th-centuryAmericawhobelievedinstrictreligiousdisciplineandcalledforthesimplificationofactsofworship.ThemovementwasanattempttoremoveRomanCatholicinfluencesfromtheChurchofEngland.,TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|Structure,G-R:culturenotes-2,balancedsystemofgovernment(Paragraph8)TheconceptreferstothethreebranchesoftheUnitedStatesgovernmentthelegislative,theexecutive,andthejudicialthatrestrainandstabilizeoneanotherthroughtheirseparatedfunctions.Thelegislativebranch,representedbytheCongress,mustpassbillsbeforetheycanbecomelaw.Theexecutivebranchnamely,thepresidentcanvetobillspassedbytheCongress,thuspreventingthemfrombecominglaw.Inturn,byatwo-thirdsvote,theCongresscanoverridethepresidentsveto.TheSupremeCourtmayinvalidateactsoftheCongressbydeclaringthemcontrarytotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates,buttheCongresscanchangetheConstitutionthroughtheamendmentprocess.,TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|Structure,G-R:author-1,JamesAlbertMichener(1907-1997),Americanwriter,becameknownforthevoluminousresearchheincorporatesandmakesaccessibleandinterestinginhiswritings.Hisbookstypicallyprovideadetaileddiscussionofthehistoryandgeographyofspecificregions.HiswiderangingwritingcareerbeganwhenhisexperiencesduringWorldWarIIprovidedthematerialforabookofshortstories,TalesoftheSouthPacific(1947);forwhichhereceivedthe1984PulitzerPrizeinfiction.,TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|Structure,G-R:author-2,HisotherworksincludeSayonara(1954);Hawaii(1959);Chesapeake(1978);TheCovenant(1980);Poland(1982);Texas(1985);andAlaska(1988);TheNovel(1991);Recessional(1994);AMiracleinSeville(1995);TheBridgeatAndau(1957);Iberia:SpanishTravelsandReflections(1968);AMichenerMiscellany:1950-1970(1973);Michenersmemoir,TheWorldIsMyHome(1992).,TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|Structure,G-R:structuralanalysis,TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|Structure,PartI,(1)reality:Americansstillfollowmanyoftheoldways,similaritiesthandifferences.,PartII,(2-4)majorchangesinAmericansociety,PartIII,(5-7)mainproblemsinAmericansociety,PartIV,(8-9)explainswhyAmericahasgoodprospectsandwhytheAmericansystemhassurvivedandshouldsurvive.,DR-p1-1text,HOWAMERICALIVESJamesAlbertMichener1.Americansstillfollowmanyoftheoldways.Inatimeofrapidchangeitisessentialthatwerememberhowmuchoftheoldweclingto.Youngpeoplestillgetmarried(2.41millioncoupleslastyearasopposedtoonly1.52millionin1960).Ofcourse,manydogetdivorced,buttheyremarryatastonishingrates.Theyhavechildren,butfewerthanbefore.,DetailedReading,DR-p1-2text,Theybelongtochurches,eventhoughtheyattendsomewhatlessfrequently,andtheywanttheirchildrentohavereligiousinstruction.Theyarewillingtopaytaxesforeducation,andtheygenerouslysupportinstitutionslikehospitals,museumsandlibraries.Infact,whenyoucomparetheAmericaoftodaywiththatof1950,thesimilaritiesarefargreaterthanthedifferences.,DetailedReading,DR-p2text,2.Americansseemtobegrowingconservative.The1980election,especiallyfortheSenateandHouseofRepresentatives,signaledadecidedturntotherightinsofaraspoliticalandsocialattitudeswereconcerned.Itisasifourcountryspentthe1960sand1970sjealouslybreakingoutofoldrestraintsandnowwishestoputthebrakeson,ascautiouspeopleoftendoafterabinge.Weshouldexpecttoseeareaffirmationoftraditionalfamilyvalues,sharprestraintsonpornography,areturntoreligionandarejectionofcertainkindsofsociallegislation.,DetailedReading,DR-p3text,3.Patternsofcourtshipandmarriagehavechangedradically.Wheresexwasconcerned,Iwasraisedinanatmosphereofsuspicion,repressionandPuritanism,andalthoughhuskyyoungkidscansurvivealmostanything,manyinmygenerationsufferedgrievously.Withoutreservation,Iapplaudthefreerpatternsoftoday,althoughIbelievethatitsbeendifficultforsomefamiliestohandlethechanges.,DetailedReading,DR-p4text,4.Americanwomenarechangingtherules.ThirtyyearsagoIcouldnothaveimaginedagroupofwomenemployeessuingamajorcorporationformillionsofdollarsofsalarywhich,theyalleged,hadbeendeniedthembecausetheyhadbeendiscriminatedagainst.NorcouldIimaginewomeninuniversitiesgoinguptothemenwhorantheathleticprogramsanddemandingajustshareofthephysicaleducationbudget.Buttheyaredoingthisandwiththesupportofmanymenwhorecognizethejusticeoftheirclaims.Atwork,atplay,atalllevelsoflivingwomenaresuggestingnewrules.,DetailedReading,DR-p5text,5.Americaisworriedaboutitsschools.IfIhadachildtoday,Iwouldsendherorhimtoaprivateschoolforthesakeofsafety,forthedisciplinethatwouldbeenforcedandfortherigorousacademicrequirements.ButIwoulddoubtthatthechildwouldgetanybettereducationthanIdidinmygoodpublicschool.Theproblemisthatgoodpublicschoolsarebecomingpitifullyrare,andIwouldnotwanttotakethechancethattheoneIsentmychildrentowasinadequate.,DetailedReading,DR-p6text,6.SomeAmericansmustliveonwelfare.Sinceitseemsobviousthatournationcanproduceallitsneedswithonlyapartoftheavailableworkforce,somekindofsocialwelfareassistancemustbedoledouttothosewhocannotfindjobs.WhenIthinkofatypicalwelfarerecipientIthinkofayoungneighborwomanwhosehusbandwaskilledinatragicaccident,leavingherwiththreeyoungchildren.Inthebadolddaysshemighthaveknowndestitution,butwithfamilyassistanceshewasabletoholdherchildrentogetherandproducedthreefine,tax-payingcitizens.Ilikethatkindofsocialassistanceandamwillingtosupportit.Americaisessentiallyacompassionatesociety.,DetailedReading,DR-p7-1text,7.Americacannotfindhousingforitsyoungfamilies.IconsiderthisthemostseriousdangerconfrontingfamilylifeinAmerica,andIamappalledthattheconditionhasbeenallowedtodevelop.Formorethanadecade,travelerslikemehavebeenawarethatincountrieslikeSweden,Denmark,RussiaandIndiayoungpeoplehavefounditalmostimpossibletoacquirehomes.InSwedenthecustomarywaitwas11yearsofmarriage,andweusedtoask,whatwentwrong?Itseemedtousthatamajorresponsibilityofanynationwouldbetoprovidehomesforitsyoungpeoplestartingtheirfamilies.,DetailedReading,DR-p7-2text,Well,thisdreadfulsocialsicknesshasnowovertakentheUnitedStates,andforthesamereasons.Thebuildersinoursocietyfinditprofitabletoerectthree-bathroomhomesthatsellfor$220,000withamortgageat19percentbutfinditimpossibletoerectsmallhomesforyoungmarrieds.Foramajornationtoshowitselfimpotenttohouseitsyoungpeopleisadmittingafailurethatmustbecorrected.,DetailedReading,DR-p8text,8.Ourprospectsarestillgood.Ifindourchancestobeatleastasgoodasthoseofanyothernationandprobablybetter.Wehaveaphysicalsettingofremarkableintegrity,theworldsbestagriculture,asplendidwealthofminerals,greatriversforirrigationandanunsurpassedsystemofroadsfortransportation.Wealsohaveamagnificentmixtureofpeoplesfromallthecontinentswithvariedtraditionsandstrengths.Butmostofall,wehaveauniqueandbalancedsystemofgovernment.,DetailedReading,DR-p9text,9.IthinkofAmericaashavingtheoldestformofgovernmentonearth,becausesincewestartedourpresentdemocracyin1789,everyothernationhassufferedeitherparliamentarychangeorrevolutionarychange.Itisoursystemthathassurvivedandshouldsurvive,givingthemaximumnumberofpeopleamaximumchanceforhappiness.,DetailedReading,DR:p1Analysis,Paragraph1AnalysisThefirstparagraphistheintroductorypartoftheessay.ItmentionsandillustratesthemainideathatAmericansstillfollowmanyoftheoldwaysthoughdifferencesareobviousinAmericanlife.ThelastsentencetellsusthatacomparisonoftheAmericaoftodaywiththatof1950showsthattherearemoresimilaritiesthandifferences.,DetailedReading,DR:p2-4Analysis,Paragraph2-4AnalysisThesethreeparagraphs,thesecondpartoftheessay,tellusaboutthemajorchangesthathavetakenplaceandthatareoccurringinAmericanlife.FromtheseparagraphswegettoknowthatAmericansaregrowingconservative,thattheyhavechangedtheirpatternsofcourtshipandmarriage,enjoyingmuchmorefreedominthesetwoaspects,andthatAmericanwomenarechangingtheoldrulesandsuggestingnewrules.Afterreadingthesethreeparagraphs,wecanalsohaveaclearideaofthewritersattitudetowardsthesechangesinAmericanlife.Obviously,hefullysupportsandwelcomesthem.,DetailedReading,DR:p5-7Analysis,Paragraph5-7AnalysisThesethreeparagraphs,thethirdpartoftheessay,pointoutthemainproblemsinAmericansociety:Americanschoolsarenotasgoodasbefore;Americanswhocannotfindjobsdonotgetsufficientwelfare;Americashowsitselfimpotenttohouseitsyoungpeople.Fromtheseparagraphs,wecanalsoseethewritersopinionsoftheseproblems.,DetailedReading,DR:p8-9Analysis,Paragraph8-9AnalysisThesetwoparagraphs,theconcludingpartoftheessay,drawourattentiontothewritersopinionsofthenationsprospectsanditssystem.Itisworthnotingthatthewriterprovidesgoodreasonsforhisopinions.Fromtheconclusion,wecanalsogettoknowthatthewriterfeelsproudofhismotherlandandthinkshighlyoftheAmericanpeopleandparticularlytheAmericansystem.,DetailedReading,DR-Questions-p1-1a,DetailedReading,Paragraph1:Questions1.WhichsentencesinthispartshowthemainsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenAmericanlifeinthepresentandthatinthepast?,Thefollowingsentencesshowthemainsimilaritiesanddifferences.Youngpeoplestillgetmarried(2.41millioncoupleslastyearasopposedtoonly1.52millionin1960).Ofcourse,manydogetdivorced,buttheyremarryatastonishingrates.Theyhavechildren,butfewerthanbefore.Theybelongtochurches,eventhoughtheyattendsomewhatlessfrequently,andtheywanttheirchildrentohavereligiousinstruction.They,DR-Questions-p1-1b,arewillingtopaytaxesforeducation,andtheygenerouslysupportinstitutionslikehospitals,museumsandlibraries.,DetailedReading,DR-Questions-p1-2,DetailedReading,Paragraph1:Questions2.InwhatwaysareAmericansgenerous?,Theyarealwaysreadytopaytaxesforeducation,andtheygenerouslysupportinstitutionslikehospitals,museumsandlibraries.,DR-Questions-p2-4-1a,DetailedReading,Paragraph2-4:Questions1.Accordingtothispart,whatmajorchangeshavetakenplaceoraretakingplaceinAmericansociety?Giveanaccountofthem.,Firstofall,Americansaregrowingconservativeintermsoftheirpoliticalandsocialattitudes.Inthe1960sand1970s,Americansbrokeoutofoldrestraints.Butthe1980election,especiallyfortheSenateandHouseofRepresentatives,signaledadecidedturntotherightinsofaraspoliticalandsocialattitudeswereconcerned.Sincethebeginningofthe1980s,Americanshavebecomemoreconservative.,DR-Questions-p2-4-1b,DetailedReading,Secondly,patternsofcourtshipandmarriagehavechangedradically.Whentheauthorwasachild,thereprevailedanatmosphereofsuspicion,repressionandPuritanism,andmanypeopleinhisgenerationsufferedgrievously.Nowpeopleenjoymuchmorefreedomintermsofcourtshipandmarriage.Thirdly,Americanwomen,whoarenolongerdiscriminatedagainst,arechangingtheoldrules.Forexample,theyareboldenoughtosueamajorcorporationformillionsofdollarsofsalarywhichhasbeendeniedthem.Andwomeninuniversitiesare,DR-Questions-p2-4-1c,DetailedReading,courageousenoughtogouptothemenwhoruntheathleticprogramsanddemandajustshareofthephysicaleducationbudget.Allthiswasunimaginableinthepast.Nowadays,atwork,atplay,atalllevelsoflife,womenaresuggestingnewrules.,DR-Questions-p2-4-2a,DetailedReading,Paragraph2-4:Questions2.Pickoutthesentencesthatindicatethewriterspositiveattitudetowardsthechanges.,1)Weshouldexpecttoseeareaffirmationoftraditionalfamilyvalues,sharprestraintsonpornography,areturntoreligionandarejectionofcertainkindsofsociallegislation.Thissentenceimpliesthatthewriterwelcomeschangestowardsthetraditionalvaluesandbeliefs.2)Withoutreservation,Iapplaudthefreerpatternsoftoday.ThissentencetellsusthatthewriterwarmlywelcomesthefreerpatternsofcourtshipandmarriageincontemporaryAmericanlife.,DR-Questions-p2-4-2b,DetailedReading,3)“demandingajustshareofthephysicaleducationbudget.Buttheyaredoingthisandwiththesupportofmanymenwhorecognizethejusticeoftheirclaims.Fromhisuseofajustshareandthejusticeoftheirclaims,wecaninferthatthewriterfullysupportsAmericanwomenwhoarechangingtherules.,DR-Questions-p5,DetailedReading,Paragraph5:QuestionWhatdoesthewriterthinkofAmericanschools?,JamesAlbertMichenerthinksthatAmericanschoolsarenotasgoodastheyoncewere.Accordingtohim,publicschoolsarenotverysafe,theyarenotverystrictwiththeirpupils,andtheydonotsetrigorousacademicdemandsonthem.Inhisopinion,goodpublicschoolsarebecomingpitifullyrare,andprivateschoolsdonotprovidesatisfactoryeducation,either,thoughtheyarebetterthanpublicschools.,DR-Questions-p6,DetailedReading,Paragraph6:QuestionDoesthewriterapplaudsocialassistancetothepoorandthejobless?Supportyouranswerbyquotingtherelevantsentences.,Yes,hedoes.Clearly,hestronglyadvocatesthatsocialassistancebefurtherpromotedinAmerica,whichcanbeseenfromthefollowingsentences:SomeAmericansmustliveonwelfare.Sinceitseemsobviousthatournationcanproduceallitsneedswithonlyapartoftheavailableworkforce,somekindofsocialwelfareassistancemustbedoledouttothosewhocannotfindjobs?Ilikethatkindofsocialassistanceandamwillingtosupportit.,DR-Questions-p7-1,DetailedReading,Paragraph7:Questions1.WhycannotAmericafindaccommodationforitsyoungmarriedcouples?,Becausethebuildersfinditprofitabletoerectthree-bathroomhomesthatsellfor$220,000withamortgageat19percent,buttheyfinditimpossibletoerectsmallhomesforyoungmarriedcouples.Inotherwords,thebuildersinAmericansocietydonotwanttobuildsmallhomesforyoungmarriedpeoplebecausethebuildingofsmallhomesislessprofitable.,DR-Questions-p7-2,DetailedReading,Paragraph7:Questions2.WhatisthewritersattitudetowardstheyoungpeopleshousingprobleminAmerica?,ThewriterconsidersthehousingproblemtheyoungAmericansarefacedwithtobethemostseriousdangerconfrontingfamilylifeinAmerica,andheisappalledthattheconditionhasbeenallowedtodevelop.Inhisopinion,foragreatnationlikeAmericatoshowitselfimpotenttohouseitsyoungpeoplemeansthatitadmitsafailurethatmustbecorrected.,DR-Questions-p8,DetailedReading,Paragraph8:QuestionWhydoesthewritersaythatAmericahasgoodprospectsdespiteitsproblems?,HebelievesthatAmericahaschancesthatareatleastasgoodasthoseofanyothernationandprobablybetter,andthatAmericanshaveaphysicalsettingofremarkableintegrity,theworldsbestagriculture,asplendidwealthofminerals,greatriversforirrigationandanunsurpassedsystemofroadsfortransportation.Americaboastsamagnificentblendofpeoplesfromallthecontinentswithvariedtraditionsandstrengths,andthatmostofall,Americahasauniqueandbalancedsystemofgovernment.,DR-Questions-p9,DetailedReading,Paragraph9:QuestionWhyhastheAmericansystemsurvivedandwhyshoulditsurvive?,Because,accordingtothewriter,theAmericansystemofgovernmentisatrulydemocraticsystem;ithasnotexperiencedeitherparliamentarychangeorrevolutionarychange;moreover,itoffersthemaximumnumberofpeopleamaximumchanceforhappiness.,LPT-Inatimeofrapidchangeitisessential,DetailedReading,“Inatimeofrapidchangeitisessentialthatwerememberhowmuchoftheoldweclingto.”,Paraphrase,Inatimeofquicktransformationitisnecessaryforustorememberhowmanyoftheoldwayswestilladhereto.,LPT-clingto,DetailedReading,cling(on)tosb.orsth.toholdontightlytosb.orsth.;beunwillingtoabandonitorrefusetogiveitup;becomeattachedtoitorsticktoit,e.g.,Therescuerssawthesurvivorsclingingtoaraft.Sheclungtothehopethathewasstillalive.Dontclingtothecurbwhenyouaredriving.,LPT-theybelongtochurches,DetailedReading,“Theybelongtochurches,eventhoughtheyattendsomewhatlessfrequently,andtheywanttheirchildrentohavereligiousinstruction.”,Paraphrase,TheybelongtoparticulargroupsofChristians,eventhoughtheyattendreligiousservicesabitlessoften,andtheywanttheirchildrentoreceivereligiousinstruction.,LPT-Americansseemto,DetailedReading,“Americansseemtobegrowingconservative.”,Paraphrase,Americansseemtobeincreasinglyopposedtogreatorsuddenchanges.,LPT-conservative,DetailedReading,conservativeadj.infavorofpreservingthestatusquoandtraditionalvaluesandcustoms,andagainstabruptchanges,e.g.,HemadeaconservativeguessofthefloatingpopulationinShanghai.Isittruethatoldpeopleareusuallymoreconservativethantheyoung?,LPT-the1980election,“The1980election,especiallyfortheSenateandHouseofRepresentatives,signaledadecidedturntotherightinsofaraspoliticalandsocialattitudeswereconcerned.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,The1980election,especiallyfortheSenateandHouseofRepresentatives,indicatedadefinitechangetotherightintermsofthevoterspoliticalandsocialattitudes.,LPT-senate,theSenatetheupperhouseofthelaw-makingassemblyinsomecountries,e.g.France,theUSA,andAustraliatheHouseofRepresentativestheassemblyofelectedrepresentativesinthecentralgovernmentoftheUSA,AustraliaandNewZealand,DetailedReading,LPT-Itisasifourcountryspentthe1960s,DetailedReading,“Itisasifourcountryspentthe1960sand1970sjealouslybreakingoutofoldrestraintsandnowwishestoputthebrakeson,ascautiouspeopleoftendoafterabinge.”,Paraphrase,Itseemsasthoughduringthe1960sand1970sweAmericansmadeboldeffortstoescapefromoldrestrictionsandnowintendtoputanendtoit,justascautiouspeopleoftendoafterexcessiveindulgence.,LPT-jealously,DetailedReading,jealouslyadv.watchfully,carefully,Thepublishinghouseisjealouslyprotectiveofthecopyrightofallitsbooks.,e.g.,LPT-restraint,DetailedReading,restraintn.restriction,sth.thatchecksorcontrols,e.g.,Isharplyfeeltherestraintsofalimitedincomeonthefamilybudget.Theyimposedrestraintsonwagesettlements.,LPT-brake,DetailedReading,