2020-2021学年高中英语 Unit 3 Life in the future Section Ⅲ Grammar学案 新人教版必修5

section grammar过去分词(短语)作状语语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.worried about the journey，i was unsettled for the first few days.2.wellknown for their expertise，his parents company，called “future tours”，transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.3.hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.4.exhausted，i slid into bed and fell fast asleep.1.例句1、3、4中的过去分词短语在句中作原因状语。2.例句2中的过去分词短语在句中作伴随状语。 一、过去分词(短语)作状语，表示被动或完成的动作可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。1作时间状语过去分词作时间状语时，相当于一个when，while，after，once等引导的时间状语从句。once published(once it is published)，the dictionary will be very popular.一旦出版，这本词典将大受欢迎。2作原因状语过去分词作原因状语时，相当于一个as，since，because等引导的原因状语从句。absorbed in painting(because john was absorbed in painting)，john didnt notice evening approaching.由于专心画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。3作条件状语过去分词作条件状语时，相当于一个if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。given another hour(if i am given another hour), i can also work out this problem.如果再给我一个小时，我也能把这道题算出来。4作让步状语过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个though，although，even if/though等引导的让步状语从句。beaten by the opposite team(though we were beaten by the opposite team)，we didnt lose heart and encouraged each other.虽然被对方的队打败了，但我们并没有灰心而是相互鼓励。5作方式或伴随状语过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，可以转换成一个并列句。the old man got on the bus，supported by a girl(and he was supported by a girl)在一位姑娘的搀扶下，老人上了公共汽车。过去分词作状语的注意事项(1)过去分词作状语时，其前面可以带有相应的连词，如when，though，although，as if，as though，if，unless，until，once等，表时间、让步、条件、方式等。if (i am) invited，i will attend the wedding of my friend.如果受到邀请，我会参加我朋友的婚礼。(2)过去分词(短语)作状语时，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。raised in the poorest area of glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.(raised in.glasgow的逻辑主语是he)因为是在glasgow最贫穷的地区被抚养大，成为一名足球明星，他走过了一段很长很艰苦的路。(3)有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时表示人的状态。常见的有：satisfied，surprised，interested，moved，worried，pleased，disappointed等。disappointed at the examination results，the girl stood there without saying a word.因为对考试结果很失望，小女孩站在那儿一句话也没说。名师点津值得注意的是，有些过去分词及短语因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)；dressed in(穿着)；tired of(厌烦)。lost in thought，he didnt hear the bell.由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。即时演练1单句语法填空if we can do as mentioned(mention) above，there will be no doubt that we can master english.there is clear evidence that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared(compare) with those who have no musical training.when exposed(expose) to stress，in whatever form，all of us react both chemically and physically.devoted(devote) to his science research，he has enjoyed fame all over the world.二、过去分词的独立结构作状语过去分词作状语时，有时在分词前加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的过去分词被称为过去分词的独立结构，过去分词的独立结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。much time spent sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.在办公桌前坐得太久，办公室职员一般都受到健康问题的困扰。即时演练2用独立主格结构作状语改写句子after the lecture was given，a lively questionandanswer session followed.the lecture given，a lively questionandanswer session followed.the factory produced many famous cars，none of which were shipped to foreign countries.the factory produced many famous cars，none of them shipped to foreign countries.because extra money was given to the poor，he felt very happy.extra money given to the poor，he felt very happy.三、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。巧学助记分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语，主语是问题。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用ing，被动用ed。seen from the top floor，the garden looks more beautiful.从顶层看去，花园看起来更漂亮了。seeing from the top floor，we can find the garden more beautiful.从顶层看，我们能发现花园更漂亮。名师点津无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。if caught，the police will punish the thief.()if caught，the thief will be punished by the police.()if the thief is caught，the police will punish him.()即时演练3单句语法填空when i was little，my mother used to sit by my bed，telling(tell) me stories till i fell asleep.where is jimmy?just now i saw him sitting under the tree，absorbed (absorb)in his video games.asked(ask) why he was late，he cried.hearing(hear) the joke，i couldnt help laughing.单句语法填空1left (leave) to himself，the baby began to cry.2she accepted the gift，deeply moved (move)3we went to the cinema，filled (fill) with excitement.4once poured (pour)，water cannot be taken back.5seeing (see) those pictures，he couldnt help thinking of those days in his hometown.6absorbed (absorb) in the research work，he had no time to make any trip.7the old man lay on the beach at ease，exposed (expose) to the sun.8generally speaking，when taken (take) according to the directions，the drug has no side effect.9when asked (ask) about the secret of his success，steven spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.10clearly and thoughtfully written (write)，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.用过去分词短语完成句子1因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。written in a hurry，this article was not so good.2由于受到所取得的成绩的鼓励，他工作更努力了。encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.