2021版高考英语大一轮复习 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions练习 新人教版选修8

unit 3inventors and inventions.阅读aa research has shown that nearly 90 percent of traffic accidents are caused by human errors.so our aim is a fully autonomous (自动的) car that gets rid of the cause of most accidents:the driver.researcher hodgson points out, “for safety,the faster you can remove humans,the better,even if there are unfortunately a few accidents from new causes.its a question of balancing the number injured or killed by autonomous vehicles with the people whose lives are potentially saved.”its an idea that elon musk, chief executive of electric car company tesla motors,has long believed.his company is determined to be the first to deliver a fully autonomous vehicle to consumers.last year, musk announced that teslas 2017 goal was “to do an example drive of full autonomy all the way from l.a.to new york.and have the car park itself”.however, even tesla admits that there are problems to overcomethe software needs further validation (批准生效) and the appropriate regulatory approval needs to be in place.indeed, recent crashes of tesla vehicles and google cars confirm that the software isnt ready yet.the u.k. government appears committed to encouraging the development of autonomous vehicles.its supporting four city trials, publishing the modern transport bill to reduce red tape around their introduction and adapting the legal system to take into account problems such as insurance liability when a human isnt in control of a vehicle.the insurance industry is similarly eager to help increase autonomy in cars.as the association of british insurers (abi) points out,“nearly 90 percent of road accidents are caused by human errors.” this costs motor insurers a shocking 20 million per day in claims.1.what difficulty does the company tesla motors have?a.new inventions may cause more injuries and deaths.b.the company lacks confidence to make new creations.c.the software should be made officially acceptable.d.the traffic regulation has proved unreasonable.2.what is the u.k.governments attitude to autonomous cars?a.ambiguous.b.positive.c.cautious.d.disapproving.3.what is the main idea of the last paragraph?a.insurance companies would like to support autonomous cars.b.human mistakes may be the key cause of traffic accidents.c.traffic accidents waste insurance companies quite a lot.d.motorists are surprised to hear about autonomous cars.4.what is the authors purpose in writing the text?a.to show his deep love for autonomous cars.b.to introduce a new development in technology.c.to amuse readers with funny examples.d.to provide a persuasive argument against autonomy.语篇解读:研究表明近90%的交通事故主要是人为失误造成的。所以很多公司(如特斯拉)和政府开始制造或支持制造自动驾驶汽车,希望借此来减少交通事故。答案及剖析:1.c细节理解题。从第三段中的.tesla admits that there are problems to overcomethe software needs further validation(批准生效) and the appropriate regulatory approval needs to be in place.可知,特斯拉公司的问题是,他们的软件需要批准,即需要得到官方的认可与接受。2.b细节理解题。根据第四段中的the u.k.government appears committed to encouraging the development of autonomous vehicles.可知,英国政府鼓励自动驾驶汽车的发展。3.a主旨大意题。从最后一段可知,保险业也在急切地帮助提升汽车驾驶的自动性,因为人为失误造成大量的交通事故,机动车投保人需要向保险公司大量索赔。4.b主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了自动驾驶汽车的发展以及政府对这一技术的支持等,因此本文的写作目的是介绍一项新的技术。b(2019湖北黄冈中学、襄阳四中、荆州中学等八校联考)every year from march to october,christian moullec,also known as “birdman”, takes to the skies aboard his adapted light aircraft.however,the 58-year-old frenchmans daily 30-minute flight is not just to enjoy the impressive views,but to guide flocks (鸟群) of lesser white-fronted geese (小白额雁) through safe migration paths which the birds can teach future generations.his deed began in 1995 when he noticed their declining population in the wilds of lapland,sweden.to prevent their numbers from dropping further,moullec tried to get the threatened species to follow him along migration routes that would protect them from bird hunters.however,getting grown geese to follow his lead proved challenging.as young geese imitate and follow whomever they view as their parents,moullec decided to raise the geese from birth.to help raise funds and awareness of his job to protect not just the geese but birds worldwide,moullec often allows paying tourists to join him on the 30-minute-long flights aboard his aircraft.in addition to the trained birds flying alongside them,visitors,who come from as far as a 15-hour plane flight away,are treated to a variety of crane and geese species as well as breathtaking views of castles and cities.he often brings his camera along for the flights,capturing photos not just for their beauty,but for what they describe.moullec believes the use of agricultural chemicals has done harm to wild european birds,with more than a third disappearing in the last 30 years.“its a disaster,” he said.“my beautiful images with flying birds should be used to tell this story.”5.why does “birdman” always fly to the sky on his aircraft?a.to observe geese along their migration routes.b.to follow geese through safe migration paths.c.to take visitors to operate his adapted aircraft.d.to guide geese fly safely during the migration.6.what do we know about “birdman”?a.he is a nature lover. b.he is a bird watcher.c.he is a volunteer pilot.d.he is a bird hunter.7.what does moullec often take photos in his flights for?a.recording the use of agricultural chemicals.b.showing serious damage caused by chemicals.c.describing his experiences with flying birds.d.capturing the beautiful views of birds and cities.8.what can be a suitable title for the text?a.birdman guides flocks to learn to flyb.birdman finds birds disappearingc.birdman helps flocks safely migrated.birdman protects birds from hunters语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了法国的“鸟叔”驾驶轻型飞机引领小白额雁沿着安全的飞行路径迁徙,他还带着游客一起体验这样的旅行,目的是让人们意识到人类活动对鸟类生存产生了巨大的影响,致使鸟类数量锐减,希望人们共同来保护鸟类。答案及剖析:5.d细节理解题。根据第一段“but to guide flocks of lesser white-fronted geese through safe migration paths which the birds can teach future generations”可知,“鸟叔”是为了引领小白额雁安全迁徙,故d项正确。6.a推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,“鸟叔”驾驶轻型飞机引领小白额雁沿着安全的飞行路径迁徙,他还带着游客一起体验这样的旅行,目的是希望人们共同来保护鸟类,由此可知,“鸟叔”是一个热爱自然的人,故a项正确。7.b细节理解题。根据第五段“he often brings his camera along for the flights,capturing photos not just for their beauty,but for what they describe.”可知,“鸟叔”拍照是为了呈现这些照片反映的问题,也就是后面提到的农药加速了鸟类的数量减少,故b项正确。8.c主旨大意题。根据第一段“however,the 58-year-old frenchmans daily 30-minute flight is not just to enjoy the impressive views,but to guide flocks of lesser white-fronted geese through safe migration paths which the birds can teach future generations.”可知,本文主要讲述了“鸟叔”驾驶轻型飞机飞行不是为了欣赏美景,而是引领小白额雁沿着安全的飞行路径迁徙,故c项正确。.语法填空(2019湖南雅礼中学高三模拟)a critical factor that plays a part in peoples susceptibility(敏感性)to colds is age.in the past four years,the university of the michigan school of public health 1. (do)a study,revealing some general 2.(rule) for the public.it says that babies are most likely 3. (catch)a cold.babies will catch more than six colds during their first year on average.besides,boys have more colds than girls when they are under the age of three.when they grow older than three years old,4. is easier for girls to catch colds than boys.girls might catch three colds,while boys catch two 5. (annual).generally speaking,the incidents of colds continue to decline while people are growing older.elderly people who are in good 6. (healthy)have as few as one or two colds every year.one exception is