2021版高考英语一轮复习 语法 定语从句课件 新人教版

定语从句,语法精讲,跟踪训练,语法精讲细筛选巧拓展,考点一关系代词who,whom,whose引导的定语从句1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。thelittleboywhoissingingtherecanrecitequiteanumberofpoems.正在那儿唱歌的那个小男孩能背诵很多首诗。2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,可省略。theauthor(whom)youcriticizedhaswrittenaletterinreply.你批评的那位作者写了一封回信。,3.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作定语。manychildren,whoseparentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.很多父母去大城市工作的孩子,在村里得到了很好的照顾。thebuildingwhoseroofisredisapostoffice.红顶的那幢大楼是邮政局。,考点二关系代词that和which的区别,thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.世界上对他来说好像没有不可能的事。doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗?myhouse,whichiboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。thereasonforwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.他拒绝邀请的原因不清楚。whatsthatwhichwasputinthecar?被放入车内的是什么?,考点三as和which引导的定语从句1.as和which都可以在非限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,代表前面的整个句子。heopposedtheidea,aswhichcouldbeexpected.正如所料,他反对这个想法。theyhaveinvitedmetodinner,whichasisverykindofthem.他们真好,邀请我去参加宴会。,2.位置不同。as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,还可以放在主句之中,位置相当灵活,而which引导的非限制性定语从句,则只能放在主句之后。ashasbeensaidbefore,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.如前所述,语法并不是一套死板的规定。(不能用which)asanybodycansee,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthevillage.有目共睹的是这个乡村已经发生了翻天覆地的变化。,3.使用的句子结构不同。as作关系代词还可用于thesame.as,such.as等结构中,而which作关系代词不能用在上述结构中,但有时可用which引导的从句来改写。如:hereissuchabigstoneasnoonecanlift.=hereisabigstonewhichnoonecanlift.这是那么大的一块石头,没人能搬得动。shewearsthesamekindofclothesasheryoungersister.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的衣服。,考点四“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1.简单介词+关系代词在这种结构中,关系代词指人时只能用whom,指物时只能用which;介词的选择主要是根据与从句中相关的动词、形容词、名词的固定搭配而定;或者根据先行词与从句中动词的关系而定;或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用而定。isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?那是你经常为其写文章的报社吗?(for与thenewspaper搭配)canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichiamnotsure?你能给我介绍一下如何使用这些我不确定的习语吗?(about与sure搭配)1949wastheyearinwhichourcountrywasfounded.我们国家是在1949年成立的。(in与theyear搭配)doyouknowthemantowhomispokejustnow?(to与spoke搭配)你认识我刚才和他讲话的那个人吗?,2.简单介词+关系代词+名词lastmonth,partofsoutheastasiawasstruckbyfloods,fromwhoseeffectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.上个月东南亚局部受洪水袭击。如今,人们仍在遭受洪水的影响。3.the+名词+of+关系代词该结构表示所有关系,口语中常用“whose+名词”代替,非正式文体中可以用“ofwhichthe+名词”。themanpulledoutagoldwatch,thehandsofwhichweremadeofsmalldiamonds.那个人拿出一块金表,表的指针是用小钻石做成的。thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,ofwhichthesailingtimewas226days.这位老水手的这次环球旅行历时9个月,其中有226天是航行时间。,4.表示整体或部分的词语+of+关系代词表示整体或部分的词语常见的有:不定代词all,both,none,neither,either,some,any;数词(含基数词、序数词、分数和百分数);数词+名词;the+最高级比较级,以及表示数目或数量的词语many,most,few,several,enough,half,aquarter等thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,mostofwhicharebeyondourcontrol.一种植物的生长速度受很多因素的影响,其中大多数的因素是我们控制不了的。lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,neitherofwhomwantedtobuyit.上周,只有两个人看房子,而且他俩都不想买。,考点五关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句1.关系副词when引导的定语从句先行词是表示时间的名词,从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语,引导词常用关系副词when,when在从句中充当时间状语,也可用“介词+which”结构代替。istillrememberthedaywhenifirstcametothisschool.我还记得我第一次来这所学校的那天。thebookwaswrittenin1946,sincewhentheeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges.这本书写于1946年。自那时以来,教育制度已见证了巨大的变化。janeisbackinmay,bywhenthenewhouseshouldbefinished.简五月回来,到那时,新房子应该完工了。,2.关系副词where引导的定语从句(1)先行词是表示地点的名词时,从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语,引导词常用关系副词where,where在从句中充当地点状语。janepausedinfrontofacounterwheresomeattractivetieswereondisplay.简停留在一个柜台前,一些吸引人的领带摆在那儿。(2)有时先行词是表示抽象意义的地点名词,像activity,business,career,case,job,point,position,race,stage,situation等,当从句中缺少状语时,用关系副词where。theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。itshelpfultoputchildreninasituationwheretheycanseethemselvesdifferently.把孩子放在一个能使他们从不同角度认识自己的处境中对他们是有帮助的。,3.关系副词why引导的定语从句关系副词why引导定语从句时,修饰表示原因的名词。只能在定语从句中作原因状语,可用forwhich代替,有时也可以省略。thereasonwhyhedidntpassthedrivingtestwasthathelackedpractice.因为缺少实践,他没有通过驾驶考试。,特别提示定语从句中的注意事项定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词保持一致。i,whoamyourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyou.我是你的老师,我将尽力帮助你。theforbiddencityisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthatdrawalotofvisitors.故宫是世界著名的吸引大批游客的建筑之一。heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeenawinnerofscholarshipsforthreeyears.他是唯一一位三年获得奖学金的学生。,关系代词thatwhichwhom在从句中作宾语时,可省略。如:thereisnooneelseshecanturnto,isthere?她没有可以寻求帮助的人,对吧?,真题链接,1.ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofclothgivesofflightinthedark.(2019年6月浙江)2.nowireneastburyworksfrom9a.m.to5p.m.dailyatthepetshopinmacclesfield,sheopenedwithherlatehusbandles.(2019全国),答案及剖析:1.that/which考查定语从句。此处先行词是apieceofcloth,而且在从句中作主语,故填关系代词that/which。2.which考查非限制性定语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句,thepetshop是先行词,在句中作opened的宾语,指物,故本空应填关系代词which。,3.theywerewelltrainedbytheirmastershadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2019全国)4.manywesternerscometochinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.(2018年6月浙江),答案及剖析:3.who考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,“hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals”为定语从句,修饰先行词theirmasters,masters为人,故填who。,4.whothat考查定语从句。此处先行词是manywesterners,故填关系代词whothat。,5.thebestpartoftheprocessisthattheresenoughroomforimprovement,meansyoulljustkeepgettingbetterandbetter.(2017全国),答案及剖析:5.which此处所缺单词引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的句子,因此用which。,跟踪训练重实效冲高考,.单句语法填空,1.oneofitsjobsistoprotectus,keepsbadthingsout.(2019浙江余姚高三11月模拟)2.thisledhimtostreetsymphony,agroupofprofessionalmusiciansmostlyfromthelaphilharmonic(交响乐团),workswithhomeless,mentallyillanddisabledpopulations.(2019浙江七彩阳光联盟高三上学期第二次联考),答案及剖析:1.which考查定语从句。此处先行词是其前面的主语,故用关系代词which。2.which考查非限制性定语从句。句意:这让他加入了街头交响乐团(streetsymphony),这是一群主要来自洛杉矶爱乐乐团(laphilharmonic)的专业音乐家,他们的工作对象是无家可归的人、精神病患者和残疾人。此处thelaphilharmonic是先行词,指物,在后面的定语从句中作主语,故答案为which。,3.helikedthecountryandnoteddowneveryinterestingthinghehadfound.(2019浙江台州黄岩中学高三上学期第一次模拟)4.however,peoplehavedonerelatedresearchesbelievethatthefullmoonaffectshumanbehaviorstosomedegree.(2019浙江温州2月模拟),答案及剖析:,3.that考查定语从句。句意:他喜欢这个国家,并记下了他所发现的每一件有趣的事情。此处thing是先行词,指物,被不定代词every修饰,在后面的定语从句中作宾语,故答案为that。4.who/that考查定语从句。先行词是people,在定语从句中作主语,故填关系代词who/that。,5.outofnearlyfiftypeoplecametoapply,mr.jamesselectedoneanddismissedtheothers.6.atworkheismuchappreciatedandhehasmanycolleaguesaskforhishelpeachtimetheyhaveproblemstosolve.7.theresearcherslookedat17studiescomparingpeoplewhoateorganicfoodwiththosewhodidnotand223studiescomparedthelevelsofnutrients,bacteriaandpesticidesinvariousfood.,答案及剖析:,5.whothat考查定语从句的关系代词。根据句意:在来面试的大约五十人中,mr.james挑选了一个人驳回了其他人的申请。可知此句是定语从句,先行词是people,从句缺少主语故用whothat引导定语从句。6.whothat考查定语从句的关系代词。先行词是colleagues,故用whothat引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语。7.that/which考查定语从句的关系代词。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,先行词是“223studies”,故填关系代词that/which。,8.“youarenotgoingtobeabletorespondtodangerefficiently,.increasestheriskofinjury.”headded.(2019浙江嘉兴高中学科基础测试)9.littletomhasbeenlookingforwardtothebigdayhecanshowhistalentatschool.10.ourspecialthanksgotothousandsofvolunteers,withouttirelessworknoneofthiswouldbepossible.,答案及剖析:,8.which考查定语从句。此处的先行词是前面整个主句,所以填which。9.when句意:小汤姆一直在盼望一个他能够展示他的才能的伟大的日子。此处,所缺的词引导一个定语从句,修饰day,同时作定语从句中的时间状语,因此用when。10.whose考查定语从句。句意:我们特别致谢成千上万的志愿者,没有他们的孜孜不倦的工作,这一切不可能成功。此处所缺的词和前面的介词without一起引导一个定语从句,修饰volunteers,同时,关系词作定语,修饰tirelesswork,因此用whose。,11.luckcomestotheseprepareforit.ifyoudosomethingyoulove,dontletlittlebumpsalongtheroadstopyou.12.whatdoesabeautifulpersonlooklike?well,itdependsonwhomyouaskandtheyarefrom.(2019浙江嘉兴5月高三模拟),答案及剖析:,11.who考查定语从句的关系代词。此处为定语从句,先行词为these,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,故填who。12.where考查定语从句,此处是介词后接关系副词的用法,从后面的from可知要用where。,13.howmanystudentsarethereinyourclasshomesareinthecountryside?14.weliveinanagemoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.15.thereyouwillfindinformationwasoncesecret.(2019浙江名校协作体高三下学期联考),答案及剖析:,13.whose考查定语从句的关系代词。先行词为students,定语从句homesareinthecountryside中缺少homes的定语,还原为thestudentshomesareinthecountryside,表示所属关系,故使用关系代词whose。14.when考查定语从句。先行词为anage,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故用when。15.that/which考查定语从句。句意:在那里你会发现曾经是秘密的信息。此处information是先行词,指物,在后面的定语从句中作主语,故答案为that/which。,16.theheart-warmingstorybeganinseptemberlastyearawomanaskedtheprimaryschoolinherneighborhoodtoaccepthersix-year-oldson.17.weallknow,bakedorfriedfoodsmaybetasty,buteatingtoomuchofthemwillprobablyresultinsomeillnesses.18.thereasonherefusedtoattendthemeetingwasthattheydidntgivehimaninvitationearlier.,答案及剖析:,16.when考查定语从句。句意:那个温馨的故事发生在去年的九月,当时,一位女士请求她所在社区小学接受她6岁的儿子。先行词为lastyear,表示时间,且从句中不缺少主语和宾语,故用when引导从句,在从句中作时间状语。17.as考查非限制性定语从句。空处指代主句内容,在从句中作宾语,意为“正如”,故填as。18.why考查定语从句的关系副词。该句中关系词指代先行词thereason并在定语从句中充当状语,可还原为herefusedtoattendthemeetingforthereason,表示“原因”,故使用关系副词why。,19.topractisecalligraphyrequiresthebasictoolsoffourtreasuresofstudyaswellasmuchconcentrationonguidingthesoftwritingbrushchargedwithfluidink,andwritingonthepapertheinkwillspreadquickly.(2019浙江稽阳联谊学校高三上学期10月联考)20.imbuyingsomechristmasgiftsforthoseworkwithme,butitsreallyaheadache.,答案及剖析:,19.where考查定语从句,此处引导词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。20.who考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,先行词为指人的those,故用who。,.语篇语法填空,inthepast,humanactivities1.(have)littleeffectonglobalwarming,butnowtheyhavecausedtheriseoftheearthtemperature.allscientistsagreethattheincreaseinthetemperatureresults2.theburningoffossilfuels.oneofsomebyproducts3.(call)greenhousegasesiscarbondioxidewhichcantrapmoreheatenergyintheatmosphere.,overthelast100years,thetemperatureoftheearthhasincre