完形填空解题技巧ppt课件

完形填空解题技巧,因为答案信息点有的在空格前,有的在空格后,有的在前文和后文都有出现,需要综合考虑或起相互印证的作用。有时,还要根据上、下文提供的信息,结合常识,进行适当的逻辑推理,才可得出正确答案。,1.上下求索寻信息,例1Theschooldecidedthatwhenthedriveropenedboththefrontandbackdoors,27whoweregettingoffthebusshouldgetofffirst,andstudentswhoweregettingonshouldgeton28.(2010广东)27.A.parentsB.studentsC.teachersD.drivers28.A.soonerB.laterC.fasterD.earlier,解析：27题的答案信息点在空格后的andstudentswho.中,关键词是students,故选B。28题的答案信息点在空格前,关键词是first,故选B。,例2Oneafternoon,Iwasoutexploring.andsawanewkindofcactus(仙人掌).Icrouched(蹲)downforacloserlook.“Youdbetternot47that.”Iturnedaroundtoseeanoldwoman.“Wouldyouliketocometomyhometomorrow?Someoneshouldteachyouwhichplantyoushouldandshouldnttouch.”(湖南)A.breakB.pickC.pullD.touch解析:此题若不读到文章最后一句的最后一个单词,很难确定填touch,选D。,答题时,眼睛不能只盯在空格上或只盯在空格所在的这一个句子上,一定要“左顾右盼”,弄清前后的习惯搭配或句式结构。注意,常常不止一个选项前后可以构成搭配关系,这时需要根据上下文的意思来定夺。,2.左顾右盼找搭配,例3OnApril12,1888,AlfredsbrotherLudwigdiedofheartattack.AmajorFrenchnewspaper21hisbrotherforhimand.(2009广东)A.foundB.misunderstoodC.mistookD.judged解析：四个选项中,能与后面for搭配的,只有mistook,即mistakeAforB(将A误以为B),故选C。,例4Nobelarrangedinhiswilltogivethelargestpartofhismoneyto28theNobelprizes,whichwouldbeawardedtopeoplewho.(2009广东)A.establishB.formC.developD.promote解析：根据动宾搭配,在四个选项中,能与名词theNobelprizes(诺贝尔奖)搭配的,只有establish(设立),即“设立诺贝尔奖”。用他的大部分钱去“构成/开发/促进”诺贝尔奖,是讲不通的。,有时,若单独看空格处或空格所在句,其中两个、三个甚至四个选项填入格中都不错,句子也通顺,但结合全文内容来理解,就只有一个是最佳答案了。因此,选择答案时,一定要考虑到此选项不但在本句中合符语境,而且要在全文中也讲得通,即贯通全文。,3.思前想后通全文,例5NobelarrangedinhiswilltogivethelargestpartofhismoneytoestablishtheNobelprizes,whichwouldbeawardedtopeoplewhomadegreat29tothecausesofpeace,literature,andthesciences.A.additionsB.sacrificesC.changesD.contributions,解析：若单独看空格处,选项B、C、D都可以填,makegreatsacrifices“作出巨大牺牲”,makegreatchanges“发生巨大变化”,makegreatcontributions“作出巨大贡献”;从文章内容或常识来看,诺贝尔奖金应当是奖给那些为世界和平、文学和科学事业“作出过巨大贡献”的人,故只能选D。,例6AlfredNobelbecameamillionaireandchangedthewaysofmining,construction,andwarfareastheinventorofdynamite(炸药).thearticleread.“Dr.AlfredNobel,whobecame23byfindingwaystokillmorepeoplefasterthaneverbefore,diedyesterday.”.Nobelarrangedinhiswilltogivethelargestpartofhismoneyto.A.famousB.sickC.richD.popular,解析：若单独看空前的became,填四个选项都没有语法错误,但是由前文中的becameamillionaire和后文givethelargestpartofhismoney可知,rich为最佳答案,故选C。,重视首句信息,跳过空格,浏览全文,从整体上感知全文,理解短文大意,这是解题的基础。这一步非常重要,万万不可忽视。,1.通读全文,理解大意,在理解短文大意的情况下,结合各选项的意义和用法,特别是与前后词语的搭配,上下文的意义关系等,先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题,暂时跳过,或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示了,或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。,2.瞻前顾后,避难就易,借助已经补全的空格,我们已对全文有了更清楚的理解,可以集中解决所遗留的个别难题。全部做好后,考生务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容,确保全文文意连贯。,3.复读全文,解决残敌,4.再次复读,弥补疏漏,根据广东高考完形填空题的特点,只要了解上述三个原则,遵循四个步骤,灵活运用以下五个技巧,任何完形难题都可得到顺利解决。望同学们一定要理解、掌握以下五个技巧。,某些语义相关联的词语在语篇中共同出现的倾向性,叫词语同现,也有人称之为“词场”。同现词之间有反义或相对关系,或者同类互补关系等,如different与same;cruel与friendly;death(死亡)与destruction(毁灭);ill与pale,patient,nurse,doctor,operation等。,1.词语同现,一个语篇往往会围绕着某一主题或话题,与此相关的词就可能会共同出现,以实现语篇衔接。如2011年广东高考完形填空的短文,是围绕把优生从普通班里分离出去会带来严重问题这一主题展开的,涉及这一主题的可能有“普通班”“特殊班”“优生”“普通生”,以及“学校”“老师”“学习”等等,因此,special,gifted,intelligent,top,regular,average,school,classes,teachers,children,learning这些相互关联的词语就很可能会同时出现在语篇之中。,了解词语同现,对正确解答完形填空题很有帮助。请运用词语同现的技巧,解答以下高考真题,并说明正确选项与哪些词同现。,1.(2011广东)Theargumenthasbeenonthebeliefthatinregularclassesthesechildrenareheldbackintheirintellectual(智力的)growthby2situationthathasdesignedfortheaveragechildren.A.designingB.groupingC.learningD.living,1.C与classes,children,intellectual同现的单词,很可能是learning。,C.learning,2.(2010广东)Youhavetopushthedoorwiththeword“PUSH”togooutofthebuildingandtopullthedoorwiththeword“PULL”to24thebuilding.A.enterB.leaveC.openD.close,2.A因有push(推)就有pull(拉),有gooutof(出去)就会有enter(进入),这就是词语同现。,A.enter,3.(2010广东)WhenIfirstcametoAmerica,Inoticedthatapublicbuildinghadtwodifferentdoorsandtheyhaddistinctfunctions.Thiswasnewtome,becauseweusethe25doorinSouthKorea.A.mainB.sameC.frontD.back,3.B美国的门与韩国的门进行对比,因same与different是词语同现。,B.same,4.(2010广东)Theschooldecidedthatwhenthedriveropenedboththefrontandbackdoors,studentswhoweregettingoffthebusshouldgetofffirst,andstudentswhoweregettingonshouldgeton28.A.soonerB.laterC.fasterD.earlier,4.B因与first同现的应是later。,B.later,5.(2009广东)Tomakesurethathewasrememberedwithloveandrespect.Nobelarrangedinhis27togivethelargestpartofhismoneytoestablishtheNobelprizes,.Nobelhadtodiebeforeherealizedwhathislifewasreallyabout.A.bookB.articleC.willD.contract,5.C与die(死),arrange(安排后事)具有相关性的词同现的应当是will(遗嘱)。,C.will,6.(2008广东)Thesetellthestoryofamotherwhosebabygrows23andpale.A.sickB.slimC.shortD.small,6.A与pale同现的单词,应是sick。,A.sick,7.(2007广东)AllyouneedisawebcamandyourprettyfacetoaccessyourPC.Nomore24,confusingpasswordstorememberorchangeeveryfewmonths.A.simpleB.complicatedC.specialD.useful,7.B与confusing(易混的)同现的单词,应当是complicated(复杂的),共同修饰passwords。,B.complicated,9.(2011辽宁)ThisyearIdecidedtodosomethingtoregainmygoodnameasakindlyuncle.My36Tony,hadneverforgivenmeforthedictionaryIhadboughthimasabirthdaypresentlastyear.A.cousinB.daughterC.grandsonD.nephew,9.D因nephew与前面的uncle属词语同现。,D.nephew,10.(2004江苏)On39days,sheworeheavyclothesandapairofwoolengloves.A.sunnyB.rainyC.cloudyD.snowy,10.D与heavyclothes和woolengloves同现的,应是snowydays。,D.snowy,词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一语篇中重复出现。语篇中的句子通过复现关系达到相互衔接的目的。,2.词语复现,词语复现又可分为原词复现、同源词复现(又叫同根词复现)、同义或近义词复现(包括与近义词的同根词复现,如ill与sickness)、上下义词复现(即总括与分述,如animal是sheep,tiger,wolf等的上义词;rose是flower的下义词)等。了解词语复现这种衔接手段,有助于快速准确地解答完形填空题。请运用词语复现的技巧,解答以下高考真题,并指出正确选项与哪个词是何种类别的复现。,1.(2011广东)Ithasbeenarguedbysomethatgiftedchildrenshouldbegroupedinspecialclasses.Therecanbelittledoubtthat4classescanhelpthegiftedchildrentograduateearlierandtaketheirplaceinlifesooner.However，.A.regularB.specialC.smallD.creative,1.B与前段第一句中specialclasses的special是原词复现。,B.special,2.(2008广东)Thereweremanywaystopreventthisfromhappening:hangingaknifeoverthebabysheadwhilehesleptorcoveringhimwithsomeofhisfathersclotheswerejusttwooftherecommended27.A.casesB.toolsC.stepsD.methods,2.D因methods与前文中的ways同义词复现。,D.methods,3.(2011广东)Manyareconcernedthatgiftedchildrenbecomeboredandloseinterestinlearning.However,this11ismoreoftenfromparentsandteachersthanfromstudents.A.concernB.conclusionC.reflectionD.interest,3.A因concern(n.担心)与上文的concerned(adj.担心的)是同源词复现或同根词复现。,A.concern,4.(2011广东)However,thisconcernismoreoftenfromparentsandteachersthanfromstudents,andsomeofthese12simplyconcludethatspecialclassesshouldbesetupforthosewhoaretalented.A.studentsB.adultsC.scholarsD.teachers,4.B因adults是上文parentsandteachers的上义词,即这是上下义词复现,故选B。,B.adults,5.(2011陕西)Thefirstcouldnotstandseeingthepoverty,sohetookallthegoldandjewelsfromhiswagonsandsharedthemoutamongthevillagers.Hewishedthemallthebestofluck,andheleft.Thesecondrichman,seeingtheworryingsituation,stoppedforashorttimeandgavethe32allhisfoodanddrink,sincehecouldseethatmoneywouldbeoflittleusetothem.A.villagersB.servantsC.othersD.rest,5.A与前段中的villagers属于原词重现。,A.villagers,6.(2011辽宁)Wewentintoabigshop,butTonywasveryparticularabout42.AlthoughItriedtoshowhimtoyaftertoy,hewasnottobepleased.A.sweetsB.toysC.clothesD.books,6.B与后面的toy属于原词重现。,B.toys,11.(2011四川)Wefellinlove.Inthebeginning,Ididntwanttodiscuss32,becausethesadnessoflosingMumstillfeltgreat.Paulunderstoodthatandneverpushedme.But,bysummer,wegotmarried.A.travelB.businessC.childrenD.marriage,11.D因marriage与married属于同词根复现。,D.marriage,13.(2010全国)55isntabouthowtolivethroughthestorm,buthowtodanceintherain.A.AdventureB.BeautyC.TrustD.Life,13.D因Life与live属同词根复现。,D.Life,14.(2011辽宁)His37hadnoreasontobethankfultomeeither,becausetheyearbefore,Ihadpresentedtheirdearsonwithapotofpaste(浆糊)andsomefunnypictures.A.friendsB.parentsC.classmatesD.brothers,14.B因parents与后面的son属上下义重现。,B.parents,15.(2010上海)HaveIgivenmyreadersallofthe63,thatis,facts,opinions,inferencesthattheyneedinordertounderstandmymainidea?A.anglesB.evidenceC.informationD.hints,15.C因information与后面的facts,opinions,inferences属上下义复现。,C.information,16.(2010全国)Thegentlemansaidnoandtoldmethatheneededtogotothenursinghometoeatbreakfastwithhis43.NowIrealizethatinmarriages,trueloveisacceptanceofallthat.Thehappiestpeopledontnecessarilyhavethebestofeverything.A.daughterB.wifeC.motherD.sister,16.B因后面的marriages与wife属上下义复现。,B.wife,17.(2010陕西)Istoppedanddroppedallthecoinsintohishat,andhesmiledatme,Iwatchedforawhile.Butnothinghappened.Disappointedly,Iwalkedoff.“Itprovedtobeawasteof39,”Ithought.A.wordsB.effortC.spaceD.money,17.D因money与前面的coins属上下义复现。,D.money,18.(2009重庆)Asuddenchangein39isanotherfactor.Inhotsummer,peopleturnontheair-conditioneruponreturninghome.Theywillcatchacoldeasily.A.temperatureB.seasonC.placeD.condition,18.A因temperature与后面的hot,cold属于上下义复现。,A.temperature,3.逻辑推理,根据上下文的逻辑关系来推断正确答案,逻辑关系包括因果关系、对比关系、并列关系、转折关系、让步关系、递进关系、条件与结果的关系等。从五年来的广东高考完形填空题来看,最多的是利用因果关系来推断正确答案。请运用逻辑推断,解答以下试题,并指出正确选项是根据什么逻辑关系推断出来的。,1.(2011广东)Intheregularclass,havingnoworryaboutkeepingup,they(intelligentchildren)begantoreflect9onmanyproblems,someofwhichwerenotontheschoolprogram.A.directlyB.cleverlyC.voluntarilyD.quickly,1.C因为havingnoworryaboutkeepingup(因为不担心跟不上),所以“自动地(voluntarily)”考虑许多问题,因果推断。(现在分词短语表示原因)。,C.voluntarily,2.(2011广东)Manyareconcernedthatgiftedchildrenbecome10andloseinterestinlearning.A.doubtedB.boredC.worriedD.tired,2.B由与之并列的loseinterest,可知是becomebored。也可这样理解,因为厌烦,所以才失去兴趣。(此处的and表示结果,前面是原因),B.bored,3.(2008广东)Thesetellthestoryofamotherwhosebabygrowssickandpaleandhaschangedsomuchthatitisalmost24totheparents.A.uncomfortableB.unbelievableC.unacceptableD.unrecognizable,3.D因changedsomuch,结果父母“认不出来”了。(that引导结果状语从句),D.unrecognizable,4.(2009广东)Nobelwas24tofindoutnotthathehaddied,butthat,whenhistimewasup,hewouldbethoughtofonlyasonewhoprofitedfromdeathanddestruction.A.upsetB.anxiousC.excitedD.pleased,4.A因他发现当自己死后被认为是靠制造死亡获取利润的人,所以他感到“伤心难过”。(在表示情感变化的形容词后的不定式表示原因),A.upset,5.(2008潮州二模)Theteammetatthebridge.Thecanoeingwaseasiernow,buttherewereother_.Bandits(强盗)shotatthemonce,buttheyweremovingtoofast.A.excitementsB.lucksC.problemsD.things,5.C由表示转折的but可知,虽然划独木舟容易(easier),但是有其他一些“难题(problems)”。,C.problems,6.(2009重庆)Mylatestvictimisanenergeticstudent.Afterschool,heplayedfootballhardfortwohours.Though_,hestillwenttothecinema.A.ExcitedB.hurtC.lateD.tired,6.D由让步关系可知,尽管很“累”,他还是去了电影院。若根据前文和常识适当推理,就可进一步确认答案了：因为使劲地踢了两个小时的足球,所以他累了。,D.tired,7.Ihavesoughtlove;first,becauseitbringssomuchjoy,Iwouldoftenhave_alltherestoflifeforafewhoursofthisjoy.A.spentB.wastedC.livedD.sacrificed,7.D由因果关系可知,因为爱可以带来无限欢乐,所以我愿意“牺牲”我的余生去换取几个小时欢乐，故选D。,D.sacrificed,9.Thekingandotheraristocratsheldallthepowerandwerevery_,whiletherestofthepopulationhadnopowerandverylittlemoney.A.CruelB.WealthyC.IndifferentD.powerful,9.B由表示对比关系的while可知,heldallthepower与hadnopower相对,与hadverylittlemoney形成对比的应是wereverywealthy,故选B。顺便提提,wealthy与money是词语复现或上下义复现。,B.Wealthy,10.Hewasregardedtobeoneofthefivegreatestfootballplayersintheworld.However,tenyearsago,hewasonlyan_youngplayer.A.experiencedB.ordinaryC.ambitiousD.imaginable,10.B由表示转折的副词however可知,选ordinary(普通的)与前面的greatest(伟大的)相对。,B.ordinary,12.Wemusthelppeopletofindhousesoutsidethecity,butequally,wemustrememberthatsomecitypeoplewantto_wheretheyare.A.FindB.hideC.remainD.leave,12.C由表转折关系的but可知,句意为：我们必须帮助人们在城外找到住房,但是同样地，我们还得记住有些城里人想“留”在原处。,C.remain,将文段意思和我们原有的生活经验、文化背景知识,以及科普常识等结合起来,进行简单推理,从而得出正确答案。事实上,该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起的,因为虽有背景常识,仍需简单推理;逻辑推理离不开背景常识。,4.背景常识,请运用背景常识,进行适当推理,解答以下高考试题。1.(2010广东)InSouthKorea,wedonotneedtowaitforpeopletogetoff.Onemorning,Ihurriedtothebus,andwhenthebusdoorsopened,I29triedtogetontheschoolbusthroughthefrontdoor.A.politelyB.patientlyC.unconsciouslyD.slowly,C.unconsciously,1.C由前文可知,因韩国不必等别人下了车再上,作者当时是初来美国的韩国人,在韩国土生土长,由常识“习惯成自然”可知,作者早已习惯不等别人先下了再上车,所以看到校车将门打开后,就“无意识地,不知不觉地”上车了。,2.(2008广东).theNobelprizes,whichwouldbeawardedtopeoplewhomadegreat29tothecausesofpeace,literature,andthesciences.A.additionsB.sacrificesC.changesD.contributions,2.D根据常识,奖金应当是颁发给那些为世界和平、文学和科学事业