（宿迁专版）2020中考英语复习方案 第二篇 语法专题突破 专题10 动词的时态和语态课件

,语法专题（十）动词的时态和语态,第二篇语法专题突破,|动词的时态|,考点一动词的各种形式1.动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词,2.动词的过去式及过去分词的构成,考点二常见6种时态的构成及用法,拓展过去将来时,过去完成时了解,注意短暂性动词与时间段连用或用于howlong提问的问句中时,要转换成对应的延续性动词,常见的短暂性动词及其转换如下：arrivebeherebegin/startbeondiebedeadleavebeawaygooutbeoutfinish/endbeovergetupbeupputonwear/beonopenbeopenjoinbein/beamemberofclosebeclosedborrowkeepbuy/gethavecatch(acold)have(acold)marrybemarriedfallill/sick/asleepbeill/sick/asleep,|动词的语态|,考点一被动语态的构成被动语态的基本结构是“be+及物动词的过去分词”。与主动语态一样,被动语态也有各种时态变化,列表如下(以动词do为例)：,注意(1)带双宾语的主动语态改为用其直接宾语(物)作主语的被动语态时,间接宾语(人)前必须加介词to或for。myfatherboughtmeacomputer.acomputerwasboughtformebymyfather.我父亲给我买了一台电脑。(2)有些感官动词和使役动词(hear,see,watch,notice,make,have等)在主动语态中作谓语时,其宾语补足语后的动词不定式省略to,但变成被动语态时,必须将to还原。thebossmadetheworkerswork12hoursaday.theworkersweremadetowork12hoursadaybytheboss.老板让工人们一天工作12个小时。,(3)主动语态变被动语态的方法,【巧学妙记】感官动词和使役动词：一感(feel);二听(hear,listento);三让(let,make,have);四看(see,watch,lookat,notice),考点二被动语态的用法,1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。riceisgrowninthesouthofchina.中国南方种水稻。2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者,而不是强调动作的执行者。chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.世界上越来越多的人讲汉语。3.动作的发出者是某个事物。manyhouseswerewashedawayintheflood.在洪水中许多房子被冲走了。4.固定句型中常用的被动语态。如：itssaidthat(据说),itsreportedthat(据报道),itswell-knownthat(众所周知)等。,考点三主动形式表被动意义,1.look,smell,feel,taste等系动词用主动形式表被动意义。theclothfeelssoft.这布摸起来很软。thecaketastesdelicious.这蛋糕尝起来很美味。2.need/require/want+doingsth.意为“需要”。thedoorneedsrepairing.这门需要修理。thewindowwantscleaning.这窗户需要清洁。,3.某物+write/open/sell/wash/clean/cut/open+其他。该结构为主动形式,可表被动意义。thesebookssellwell.这些书卖得很好。theshopopenseveryday.这家店每天都营业。4.不及物动词和动词短语,如：happen,takeplace,comeout,cometrue,runout等。atrafficaccidenthappenedlastnight.昨晚发生了一起交通事故。ifyouworkhard,yourdreamwillcometrue.如果你努力工作,你的梦想就会实现。,.单项选择1.2019宿迁studentsingradenineamathsexamatthistimeyesterday.a.takeb.aretakingc.weretakingd.havetaken2.2018宿迁liuchuanjian,thecommandpilotofsichuanairlinesflight3u8633,successfullydowntheplanelastmonth.a.hasbroughtb.willbringc.broughtd.bring,c,c,3.2017宿迁mygrandparentsforover60yearsandtheyloveeachotherverymuch.a.havebeenmarriedb.gotmarriedc.weremarriedd.havegotmarried4.2014宿迁thereacharityshowattheschoolhallnextweek.a.wasb.willbec.hasbeend.are5.nowadays,becauseofreaders(朗读者)bycctv,manybookfansreadinginpublicplaces.a.willseeb.wereseenc.areseend.haveseen,a,b,c,6.thedebateonwhethertokeeppetsfortyminutesyesterdayafternoon.a.lastb.lastedc.willlastd.haslasted7.itssaidthatdrinkingcoffeecancer.doihavetogiveitup?relax!noteverythingonwechatistrue.infact,acoffeeadaykeepsthedoctoraway.a.causesb.hascausedc.causedd.hadcaused8.linda,icalledyouthismorning,butnobodyansweredthephone.imsorry.ifootballwithmyfriendsthen.a.playb.playedc.amplayingd.wasplaying,b,a,d,9.linda,dadhasfinishedhisworkandwetothegymtopickyouup.thankyou,mum.a.driveb.drovec.havedrivend.aredriving10.hasyourdaughtercomebackfromaustralia?yes.shethereforthreeyears.a.hasstayedb.staysc.stayedd.hadstayed11.thereafolkmusicconcertinxinjiangoperatheaternextmonth.a.isgoingtohaveb.willhavec.isd.isgoingtobe,d,c,d,12.canyougotothemovieswithmetonight?ihavetoaskmymum.ifi,iwillgowithyou.a.allowb.allowedc.amallowedd.wasallowed13.yourhometownisbeautiful,andtheairisreallyfresh.yes.manytreesandflowersaroundhereeveryyear.a.plantb.areplantedc.wasplantedd.willplant,c,b,14.iplantobuildanunusualhouse.itoutofoldthings.a.isbuiltb.hasbuiltc.wasbuiltd.willbebuilt15.clark,yourroomisreallyinamess.itneeds.sorry,mum.illdoitatonce.a.cleanb.cleanedc.tocleand.tobecleaned,d,d,.根据句意或句子的语法要求,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1.i(keep)thebooksforthreeweeks,soihavetoreturnthemthisafternoon.2.wewillinsistonituntilshe(change)heridea.3.thepassengers(tell)justnowthatthehighwaywasclosedbecauseoftheheavyfog.4.aftermanyyearshardwork,she(realize)herdreamofwinningagoldintheolympics.5.ifbob(stay)awayfromjunkfood,hewillbeingoodhealth.,havekept,changes,weretold,realized,stays,6.haveyouwatchedthemoviethelionking(狮子王),kelly?notyet.i(watch)itwithmycousintonight.7.howdidtheaccidenthappen?thegirl(read)wechatwhilewalkingacrossthestreet.8.stud