初中_被动语态_ppt(2)

PassiveVoice被动语态,英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态1.主动句：主语（施动者）+谓动+宾语（受动者）被动句：主语（受动者）+be谓动过分+by+施动者2.被动语态的谓语：be动词+p.p.(过分词）e.g.Theschoolwasbuiltlastyear.学校是去年修的3.主动句和被动句的转换方法：1）.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2）.把动词变成“be+过去分词”;3）.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。e.g.Theycleanedtheroom.主动句Theroomwascleanedbythem.被动句*若施动者不重要，by+施动者口语中常省略。3.被动语态有各种时态：,基本形式：be+done(以do为例）1.一般现在时：am/is/are+done2.一般过去时：was/were+done3.一般将来时：(shall/will/begoingto)be+done4.现在完成时：have/hasbeen+done5.情态动词：can等+be+donee.g.Theroomisoftencleaned.房间要经常打扫。Thebookswerestolenyesterday.书昨天被偷了。Youwillbepunishedbymathteachertomorrow.你明天要被数学老师惩罚了。Myhomeworkhavebeenfinished.我的作业已经做完了Yourclothesshouldbewashed.你的衣服该洗了。（以上句子中都省略了by+施动者）*可见，被动句的各种时态只变be动词的时态就行，过去分词始终不变。,表格：被动态基本结构,am/is/aredone,was/weredone,am/is/arebeingdone,was/werebeingdone,(shall/will/begoingto)bedone,wouldbedone,have/hasbeendone,hadbeendone,情态动词的被动语态,情态动词+be+donemustbedone/mustntbedoneshouldbedone/shouldntbedonecanbedone/cantbedonemaybedone/mightbedone,Oralpractice-主动句改被动句,Oralpractice-1.Changeeachsentenceintopassivevoice:Acarknockedhimdownyesterday.Thesetwokidsplanttreeseveryyear3)Weshouldprotecttheearth4)WellputontheplaynextSunday,Hewasknockeddownbyacaryesterday,Treesareplantedbythesetwokidseveryyear.,Theearthshouldbeprotectedbyus.,TheplaywillbeputonnextSunday.,补充作业：一.翻译（用被动语态译，注意时态）：1.我的红钢笔被他偷了。2.他的钱已经被用完了。3.这辆自行车经常修。4.这个房间能使用。5.这个房子将被卖掉。二.把下列句子变为被动句。1.Iwateredtheflowers.2.Sheboughtajacket.3.Heoftenwasheshisclothes.4.Imgongtovisitmymother.5.Theycanplaybasketball.6.Weshouldtakecareoftheoldpeople三.把下列句子变为疑问句并回答，再变为否定句.这种变化与以前学的一样：有be变be动词，有其他助动词则变助动词，有情态动词则变情态动词1.Thebagwastakenbyhim.2.Thefoodshouldbeeaten.3.Myworkhasbeendone.,一.1.Mypenwasstolenbyhim.2.Hismoneyhasbeenrunout.3.Thebikeisoftenrepaired.4.Theroomcanbeused.5.Thehousewillbesold.二.1.Theflowerswerewateredbyme.2.Ajacketwasboughtbyher.3.Hisclothesareoftenwashedbyhim.4.Mymotherisgongtobevisitedbyme.5.Basketballcanbeplayedbyhim.三.1.Wasthebagtakenbyhim?Yes,itis/No,itisnt.Thebagwasnttakenbyhim.2.Shouldthefoodbeeaten?Yes,itshould/No,itshouldnt3.Hastheworkbeendone?Yes,ithas./No,ithasnt.,一.生活中不是每个句子都需要用被动语态表示。像“Basketballwasplayedbyhim”虽然语法是对的，但意思很别扭。所以生活中用主动句用的还是多一些。什么时候用被动句呢？*一般是没必要说出施动者，或不知道施动者是谁，或为了强调受动者，才采用被动语态。如.他的钱包被偷了；我的作业完成了；水卖完了，杭州出产茶叶；英语在全世界广泛使用等。e.g.TeaisproducedinHangzhou.Englishisspokenwidelyintheworld.二.注意：汉语中这些字也常表示“被动：为，给，叫，让，遭等，但它们多数时候作动词，所以要仔细分析，根据主语和谓语动的关系来判断是主动还是被动。e.g.他给我一本书(give).你的记性给狗吃了(waseaten)你叫他吃饭（ask).你的书包叫他拿了（wastaken)他为你买单。(foryou).他为情所困（istroubled）你让她进来（let).你让他骗了。（wasfooled)他遭遇车祸了（happen).他遭他爸打了（washit)三.汉语是主动句，但为了强调，也可以翻译成被动句。e.g.我捡的这个钱包。Thewalletwaspickedbyme.,常用的被动语态短语：1.bemadeof:由.制作成的Thedeskismadeofwood.桌子是木头做的。(成品看得见原材料）2.bemadefrom：由.制作成的Breadismadefromwheat.面包是小麦做的.(成品看不见原材料）3.bemadein：TheclothesaremadeinChina.衣服是中国造的4.beusedtodo=beusedfordoing被用来做.如Steelisusedtobuildhouse.=Steelisusedforbuildinghouse.5.beusedby.被某人使用.Theroomisusedbyhim.6.beusedas.被作为.来使用。Thejacketisusedasaquilt.7.beknownfor=befamousfor.以.而出名/而众所周知8.Itissaidthat.据说.8.Itisreportedthat.据报道.注意：beusedtodoing某人习惯于做.(主语和后的动词是主动关系beusedtodo主语被用来做.（主语和use是被动关系）,被动语态的特殊用法：1.感官动词see,watch,hear,notice,feel,listento,lookat和使役动词make,let,have等作宾语补语的都是原型；但改成被动语态后必须带to。e.g.makesb.do(原型）sth.使某人做某事seesb.do(原型）sth.看见某人做某事1).Iheardhimsingjustnow.-Hewasheardtosingjustnowbyme.2).wemakethemgohome.-Theyaremadetogohomebyus.作业：变成被动语态1.Ioftenseeyouwashyourclothes.2.Hefoundsomebodycrynexttotheroom.3.Theteacherletthemdance.4.Imadethelittleboysleep.,二.require和need等用ing形式表被动。e.g.TheroomneedscleaningYourfacerequireswashing.也可以用不定式的被动形式。Theroomneedstobecleaned.Yourfacerequirestobewashed.,以下动词是没有被动语态的。1.系动词表状态，没有被动语态：be,become变成，成为,turn变得,get变得,sound听起来,look看起来,feel摸起来,smell闻起来等。e.g.Theclothesfeelwell.Themusicsoundboring.Theroomgetsdirty.2.表状态的动词没有被动语态keep,stay,等e.g.Theclassroomshouldkeepquiet.3.不及物动词没有被动语态。happen发生，takeplace发生，appear出现，begin开始，last持续，end结束.open,close等e.g.Themeetinghasbegun.Somethinghappenedyesterday.Theshopwillopenatsevenoclock.,Quiz1,Quiz11.Thesteel_coldA.isfeltB.wasfeelingC.feelsD.isbeingfelt2.Hisplan_goodA.hassoundedB.issoundingC.issoundedD.sounds,C,D,Quiz2,Quiz2Theshop_at6am.everydayA.opensB.openedC.isopenedD.isopeningWork_at7pm.todayA.endsB.endedC.wasendedD.hadended,A,B,Thepen_smoothlyA.waswroteB.writesC.haswritingD.iswrittenThiscoat_easilyA.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashed,Quiz3,B,C,Yourjacketneeds_(wash)Thehouserequires_(repair),Quiz4,washing,repairing,Thefishisnotfit_(eat)WefindEnglishdifficult_(learn),Quiz5,toeat,tolearn,Ihavemuchhomework_(do)Illgivetheboysomebooks_(read),Quiz6,todo,toread,Correctingmistake,2.Correctthemistake(s)ineachsentenceifany:1)Twoboyshurtwhileplayingaball2)ThesingerlivedinLondonuntilhewassendingtouniversity3)Howlongdoyouthinkthemeetingwillbelasted?,wassent,willlast,werehurt,4)Afirewasbrokenoutlastnight5)Hehadtotravelbybusashiscarwasdamagedinanaccidentafewdaysbefore6)Thelargebuildingthatisnowbuiltwillbeahospital,hadbeendamaged,isnowbeingbuilt,brokeout,7)Classisbegunat7:30everyday8)Hisplanissoundedgood9)Yourcoatneedsbeingwashed,begins,sounds,tobewashed/washing,1.Anexhibitionofpaintings_atthemuseumnextweekAaretobeheldB.istobeheldC.areholdingDwillhold,Multiplechoice,B,2.Imsorry,sirYourrecorderisntreadyyetIt_inthefactoryisbeingrepairedisrepairedhasbeenrepairedhasntbeenrepaired,A,3Everypossiblemeans_,butnone_successfulA.hastried;hasprovedBtried;provesC.hasbeentried;provesD.isbeingtried;isproved,C,4Thequestionheaskedishard_A.foranswerB.toanswerCtobeansweredD.answering,B,5Inwarmweather,fruitandmeat_longcannotbekeptdontkeepmustntkeepisnotkept,A,6Hereceivedatelegram_:“Motherill”AwrittenB.readingC.saidD.writing,B,7.-Didyouhandhimtheletteryesterday?-No,I_tohimbroughtittookithaditsentcarriedit,C,8Alicehadadress_lastweekAmadeB.makeC.tobemadeD.tomake,A,9Theteachercouldntmakehim_attentiontobecausethestudentsweresonoisy.paypaidtopaytobepaid,B,10.-Whenwillthelecturebegin?-Whenthestudents_AhavesatBsatdownCwillsitDareseated,D,基本形式：be+done(以do为例）1.一般现在时：am/is/are+done2.一般过去时：was/were+done3.一般将来时：(shall/will/begoingto)be+done4.现在完成时：have/hasbeen+done5.情态动词：can等+be+done,e.g.Theroomisoftencleaned.房间要经常打扫。Thebookswerestolenyesterday.书昨天被偷了。Youwillbepunishedbymathteachertomorrow.你明天要被数学老师惩罚了。Myhomeworkhavebeenfinished.我的作业已经做完了Yourclothesshouldbewashed.你的衣服该了。（以上句子中都省略了by+施动者）*可见，被动句的各种时态只变be动词的时态就行，过去分词始终不变。,主动语态变为被动语态：1.不能改变时态:主动句是什么时态，被动句就是什么时态；主动句有情态动词，被动句就该有情态动词e.g.Iaskedyou-YouwereaskedIaskyou-YouareaskedIaskhim-HeisaskedIwillaskyou-YouwillbeaskedIcanaskyou-Youcanbeasked2.不能改变句型：主动句是一般疑问句，被动句就是一般疑问句，主动句是否定句，被动句就是否定句，主动句是特殊疑问句，被动句就是特殊疑问句,Hedoesntwashtheclothes.-Theclothesarentwashedbyhim.Ididntgivethebooktoyou.-Thebookwasntgiventoyoubyme.Ishouldntcallyou.-Youshouldntbecalledbyme.Doyoufinishyourhomework?-Isyourhomeworkfinishedbyyou?Willhewatchthemovie?-Willthemoviebewatchedbyhim?Whendidyoueatlunch?Whenwasluncheaten?,感官动词的用法和使役动词一样：变为被动语态时，感官动词和使役动词后面的动词原形和ing形式前，都要加上to.1.眼睛看到的：see,watch,notice,find,lookat.2.耳朵听到的：hear,listento3.鼻子闻到的：smell4.皮肤感到的：feel.e.g.Isawhimplayingbasketball.被动句:.2.Hedoesntfindsthegirlssingeveryday.被动:everyday,He,was,seen,to,play,by,me,Thegirls,arent,found,to,sing,by,him,关键题：变为被动语态Theteacherdidntmaketheboystandoutside.被动语态：Theboyoutsidebytheteacher.仔细观察：1.原句是否定句，再看谓语动词是使役动词make，想想它的用法再做题。2.只变被动语态，所以过去式的时态和否定句的句式是不能变的。3.想想not该放在什么词后，原句中是实意动词make才加的助动词did+not,而变为被动语态后呢？还有did吗？错，因为变为被动语态后有了be动词了，而且要不能改变过去时的时态。,wasnt,made,to,stand,练习题：把下列句子变为被动语态。1.Ioftenseeyouwashyourclothes.2.Hefoundsomebodycrynexttotheroom.3.Theteacherletthemdance.4.Imadethelittleboysleep.5.Wedidntnoticeyourfriendsgoaway.6.Theypickupapplesinthecountry.7.Hedoesnthearyouplaythepiano.8.DoyoudoyouhomeworkonSunday?9.Weshouldtakecareoftheoldpeople.10.Canyoucleanyourroom?,11.Wherewillyouvisityourmother?12.Howdidhemakethetoycar?,Answers:1.Youoftenareseentowashyourclothesbyme.2.Somebodywasfoundtocrynexttotheroombyhim.3.Theywerelettodancebytheteacher.4.Thelittleboywasmadetosleepbyme.5.Yourfrien