江苏省盐城市射阳县盘湾中学高中英语 Book3 U3 宾语补足语学案 牛津译林版

宾语补足语在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其它的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。比如说：Im going to paint it pink.句子中的it显然是宾语。但是主语将要做的并不是it，而是paint it pink。pink 是句子中的宾语补足语。它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是说从逻辑上来讲，是执行了paint的动作。句子中的pink是形容词做宾语补足语。能够充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，形容词，副词，介宾短语等。一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。比如：1) I find learning English difficult. (difficult是形容词做宾补）2) I saw the kite up and down. （up and down是副词做宾补）3) Tom made the girl cry. (cry是省略不定式符号to的动词不定式）*常跟复合宾语的动词有：call, name, make, think, find, leave, keep, nominate (任命), choose, elect (选举), define (定义), regard, see, recognize, treat, take, consider, look up, refer to, accept, acknowledge, describe, depict (描述), represent (表现出), declare (宣称), denounce, employ (雇佣), use, show, organize, express.Either . or .和neither . nor .1. either . or .either . or . 意为“或者或者；不是就是”之意。表示两者之一，连接句子中两个并列的成分。例如：When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances. 那个女孩高兴时，不是唱就是跳。此句中either . or . 连接两个动词，因为主语是单数第三人称，谓语动词要用其相应的形式。either . or . 连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我们通常说的就近原则。例如：Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。2. neither . nor .neither . nor . 表示“既不也不”。其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。例如：She likes neither butter nor cheese. 她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。此句中neither . nor . 连接两个宾语。当neither . nor . 连接两个主语时，也应遵循“就近原则”。例如：Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 今天父母都不在家。若将neither . nor . 句型变为肯定句，只需把neither . nor . 改为both . and . 即可，同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。例如：Both dad and mum are at home today. 今天父母都在家。主谓一致主谓一致是指：1） 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。2） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。There is much water in the thermos.水瓶里有许多水。但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。Ten thousand tons of coals were produced last year. 去年生产了一万吨煤。Large quantities of water are needed. 需要大量的水。并列结构作主语时谓语用复数Reading and writing are very important. 读和写非常重要。注意： 当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.钢铁工业对我们的生活非常重要。典型例题The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. is B. was C. are D. were答案：B。先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A，C。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好像是两个人，但仔细辨别， monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。主谓一致中的靠近原则1) 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。(1) There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.桌上有一支笔，一把刀和几本书。(2) There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有20个男生和23个女生。2）当either or 与neither nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。(1) Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。(2) Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.这里有一只笔，一些信封和纸是给你的。谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 (1) The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.老师和学生一起在参观工厂。 (2) He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我都想去划船。谓语需用单数1）代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。 (1) Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们都需要录音机。 (2) There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表有点问题。2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。 (1) The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.天方夜谭是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语 时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变）。(1) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.有三个星期可以用来做必要的准备。(2) Ten yuan is enough. 十元钱足够了。指代意义决定谓语的单复数1）在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。(1) All is right. 一切顺利。(2) All are present. 所有人都到齐了。2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。(1) His family isnt very large. 他家不是一个大家庭。(2) His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。(3) Are there any police around? 周围有警察吗？3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。A number of +名词复数+复数动词。The number of +名词复数+单数动词。(1) A number of books have lent out. 许多书都已经借出去了。(2) The majority of the students like English. 大多数学生喜欢英语。与后接名词或代词保持一致1）用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。(1) Most of his money is spent on books. 他大多数钱都用来买书了。(2) Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.大多数学生都在积极参加运动。2）在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。(1) Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。(2) More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市练习一、单项选择。1. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered2. The police _ determined to bring back the missing boy when his family _ almost given up all hope.A. is, has B. are, have C. are, has D. is, have3. I have finished a large part of the book; the rest _ more difficult.A. is B. are C. was D. were4. Ten minutes _ an hour when one is waiting for an important call.A. seemsB. seemC. likeD. feels5. Its not you but Mr. Anderson who _ to answer for the incident.A. are B. were C. is D. was6. -Mike, what did your monitor say just now?- Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who _ to visit the museum _ asked to be at the school gat before 6:30.A. is; isB. are; areC. is; areD. are; is7. My driving license, rather than my credit cards, _lost.A. have B. are C. is D. has8. _ neither you nor your brother interested in swimming?A. Are B. Is C. Do D. Does9. The wounded _ sent to the hospital at once.A. were B. are C. is D. was10. A number of students _ for an outing. The number of them _ fifty.A. have gone; areB. has gone; isC. has gone; areD. have gone; is11. When and where to build the subway _ yet.A. are not decidedB. have not been decidedC. is not being decidedD. has not been decided12. There _ Id like to answer this evening.A. are one or two letters B. has one or two lettersC. is one or two letters D. have one or two letters13. A large quantity of information, as well as some timely help _ since the organization was built.A. has offeredB. had been offeredC. have been offeredD. is offered14. Whisky and soda _ his favorite drink.A. is B. are C. were D. have been15. Each of the students in our class _ great interest in English and they each _ a copy of New Concept English.A. shows; haveB. have; hasC. is; haveD. takes; has16. Not only politics but also English is important. In other word, _ is important.A. English, as well as politics B. politics as well as EnglishC. both politics and English D. politics as well as the English17. About one third of the population in Beijing and Shanghai _ netizens, but in poorer areas, only three or four percent _ online.A. is; isB. are; areC. are; isD. is; are18. He said that the twelfth and last lesson _ rather difficult.A. were B. was C. will be D. are19. No one in the department but Tom and I _ that the director is going to resign.A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know20. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _ 50 million.A. have reached B. has reached C. are reaching D. had reached二、动词填空。1. When he came back after so many years, he found his hometown much _ (change).2. Do you hear someone _ (knock) at the door?Yes, I did. I heard him _ (knock) three times.3. The chef was fired because he was caught _ (smoke) in the kitchen.4. Oliver Twist is made _ (steal) money from a kind gentleman.5. Mr Smith was so disappointed to see the camera he had had _ (repair) went wrong again.6. He got me _ (pick) up a pizza on my way home.7. All of us consider Yao Ming _ (be) the best basketball player in China.8. I felt a great weight_ (take) off my mind when I finished the task.9. A statesman can make his influence _ (feel) through his speech.10. She smelt something _ (burn).三、句子翻译。1. 他再次被选为班长。2. 他醒来时，发现自己躺在地上。3. 所有的学生，包括我自己，都已通过考试。4. 正如你所见，最近新车的数量在不断增加。5. 对他们来说，完成这项工作十天就够了。6. 他是经常被老师表扬的学生之一。7. More than one student is present at the meeting.8. The singer and dance is going to give a performance in our school.9. At the foot of the mountain stands a school.10. I wont have you talking to Mother like that.四、句子改错。1. His works is to be published next month.2. “All are present and all are going on well.” said our teacher.3. Every possible means have been tried.4. What influences my life greatly is his words.5. You, he, or I are right.6. Half of the apple have been r