高一英语Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China外研社知识精讲VIP

高一高一英语英语 ModuleModule 5 5 GreatGreat PeoplePeople andand GreatGreat InventionsInventions ofof AncientAncient ChinaChina 外研社外研社 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China 教学目标：通过本模块主要介绍中外古代思想家及其思想，文化的内容，掌握 相关的搭配及用法，归纳并整理进行类比记忆，努力增强文化意识。 单词： equal importance philosopher philosophy teaching thinker kindness order principle position stress resign adviser influential love honesty justice bark contribution invent leather monk soft category sutra inventor argument freedom fuel condition 短语： be at war with bring up become interested in be proud of in conclusion for the first time 重点词语： equal importance kindness order position honesty justice contribution invent freedom fuel condition be at war with bring up be proud of in conclusion for the first time 词语要点归纳： 1. In ancient China，private teachers traveled from state to state explaining their philosophy. 在古代中国，私人（平民）教师周游列国解释他们的哲学。 explaining their philosophy 是现在分词短语在句中作伴随状语。 现在分词短语作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、结果，相当于一个状语从句。 Dad missed a step and fell，sending my new suitcases rolling down the stairs. 父亲踩空了一个台阶摔倒了，使我的新箱子顺着楼梯滚落下去。 The secretary worked deep into the night preparing a long speech for the president 秘书工作到深夜为总裁准备一份演讲稿。 European football is played in 80 countries making it a popular sport in the world 80 个国家踢足球，使之成为世界流行的运动。 When the spaceship was doing its seventh circleYang Liwei showed the flags of China and the United Nations，expressing the wishes of the Chinese people to explore and use space peacefully 在飞船第七次绕地球飞行时，杨利伟展示了中国和联合国的国旗，表达了中国人和 平探测和使用太空的愿望。 注意 现在分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，可以称为同主语结构。若分词的主语与句子 的主语不一致，分词要带有自己的主语，称为独立主格结构。若是状语从句，必须 连词、主语、谓语动词三者俱全。 （NMET 2020） “We cant go out in this weather,” said Bob， _out of the window. A. 1ooking B. to look C. 1ooked D. having looked 2. Confuciuss teachings influenced society for more than 2000 years. 孔子的传教影响社会 2000 多年。 more than （1）超过，多于，用于数字之前 There were more than 100 people at the party. 有 100 多个人参加聚会。 （2）不仅，不只是，用于名词、形容词、副词、动词及从句之前。 Her performance was more than good；it was perfect. 她的表演非常好，可以说是完美的。 拓展 more than one 不止一个（后接单数可数名词。复数意义，但作主语时谓语动 词用单数） more than once 不止一次，多次 more than a little 非常 more than ever 更加，越发 no more than 仅仅，只是（有 only 的意义） not more than 不多于，至多 注意 用 more . than. 表示一个人事物作两种性质的比较时，意思是“与其 说倒不如说” 。原来加 er 的比较级一律改成加 more 构成。than 后可以接 名词、形容词、副词、短语或从句。 He was more frightened than hurt. 他受到了惊吓，倒是没有受伤。 The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar. 这本书看起来与其说是一本语法，倒不如说是一本词典。 （NMET 2020）Lizzie was _ off at the airport. A. a little more than sad B. more than a little sad C. sad more than a little D. a little more sad than 3. Other important teachers included Mencius and Mozi. 其他重要的教师包括孟子和墨子。 include 的用法 vt. to have as a part；contain in addition to other parts 包含，包括 The price includes postage charges. 价格包含邮资。 I included eggs on the list of things to buy. 我把蛋包括在购物单内。 辨析：include 与 contain include 侧重包含“范围” 。 contain 侧重包含“内容”或“成分” 。 拓展 including+被包含物=被包含物+included（作状语）包括在内 I have brought everything youll need，including a guide booka guidebook included. 我把你将需要的东西都带来了，包括旅游手册。 The new book_7 modules, _one main revision. A. contains；including B. includes；containing C. contains；containing D. includes；including 4. （1）All three teachers believed in the importance of kindness and good government. 所有三位老师相信仁慈和好政府是很重要的。 辨析：all 与 whole 都和单数可数名词连用，但词序不同；限定词+whole+单数可数名词=all+限 定词+单数可数名词，其中 whole 更常与单数名词连用。 all my lifemy whole life 我的一生 all the worldthe whole world 整个世界 all 可直接修饰不可数名词或复数名词，也可以说 all of the+名词，而 whole 不可以。 Jane drank an the milk and read all the books. 简喝光了所有的牛奶，读完了所有的书。 但是 all the+数词+名词复数=the whole+数字+复数名词 the+数字+whole+名词复数 all the three days=the whole three day=the three whole days 整整三天 the whole of 或 all（of）可放在专有名词、代词或限定词之前。 The whole of London（=All of London）was under water. 整个伦敦都被水淹没了。 （2020重庆）The husband gave his wife _ every month in order to please her. A. all half his income B. his half all income C. half his all income D. all his half income （2）believe v. 相信；认为 联想 belief n. 信念；信仰 believer n. 信徒 believable adj. 可信任的 unbelievable adj. 不可信的 注意 believe 接从句，如果宾语从句有否定含义时，通常不否定从句而否定 believe。类似用法的词还有 think，suppose，imagine，expect 等。这类主从复 合句构成反意疑问句时，若主句的主语是 I，we 时，反意部分根据从句确定；反之， 根据主句确定。例如： I dont believe he is right. 我认为他不对。 I believe he is a student，isnt he? 我认为他是个学生，对吗? believe 一般不用于进行时态，像这类动词还有 guess，know，realize，remember，suppose，understand 等。 短语拓展 believe in 相信；信仰；信赖 believe it or not 信不信由你 believe me 真的 make believe 假装 beyond belief 难以置信地 辨析：believe，believe in 与 trust （1）believe相信，表示相信事物的真实性或人的诚实，后接名词、代词或从句 作宾语，也可接复合宾语。 （2）believe in“相信， “信奉， “信仰” ，是短语动词，其后可接名词或代 词，表示对某人的信任，对真理、主张、宗教的信仰。 （3）trust “信任”,“信赖” ，相当于 believe in。一般用作及物动词，偶尔也 可用作不及物动词。trust in sb. = believe in sb I believe him. （I believe what he says. ） 我相信他的话。 I believe in him. （I believe that he is a good man. ） 我信任他。 We always trust him. 我们一直信任他。 （NMET 2020）His followers liked the fact that he_ what he taught. A. insisted on B. talked about C. believed in D. agreed with （2002北京）Its so nice to hear from her. _we last met more than thirty years ago. A. Whats more B. That is to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not （2002上海）Mrs. Black doesnt believe her son is able to design a digital camera，_? A. is he B. isnt he C. doesnt she D. does he 5. 潜点解读 Manliuss ideas were very similar to those of Confucius, but some of Mozis thoughts were very different. 孟子的思想和孔子的思想相似，但墨子的思想中有些却大相径庭。 those 的指代用法 those 代替前面提到的“the+复数可数名词”且常有后置定 语； The apples on the tree look nicer than those in the basket. 树上的苹果看上去比筐里的要好一些。 拓展 one 通常代替前面提到的事物中同一类中的一个，相当于“aan+单数可数名词” ； ones 是 one 的复数，代替前面提到的同类事物中的某些，相当于“复数可数名词” 。 the oneones 则是特指那一个或那一些。 it 用来指代前面提到的同一个东西； that 代替前面提到的“the+单数可数名词不可数名词”且常有后置定语。 I have lost my watch. Ill have to buy one. （one 即 a watch，是手表中的 “一块，一个” ） 我把手表丢了，我得再买一块。 Give me apples. I want big ones. （ones 即 apples，是苹果中的“一些” ） 给我些苹果，我要大个的。 She lost her bike. She didnt see it any more. （it 即 her bike，指同一物） 她把自行车丢了，就再也没有见过它。 The population of China is larger than that of any other country. （that 即 the population） 中国的人口比任何其他国家的人口都多。 （2020上海）Equipped with modern facilities，todays libraries differ greatly from _ A. those of the past B. the past C. which of the past D. these part 6. Treat others in the way you want to be treated. 你想让别人怎样对待你，就以相同的方式对待别人。 in. way 表达“用的方法、做法” ；way 后常接定语从句用 that 或 in which 引导或省略不用。表达“做所用的方式” 。 Soon I got used to American ways of doing things. 我不久就习惯了美国式的行事方式。 拓展 way 作先行词被定语从句修饰时，引导定语从句的词要根据从句中所缺的成分确定。 定语从句缺主语或宾语，使用关系代词 that，which；定语从句中缺方式状语，使 用 that，in which，口语也省略不用。 Cities are interesting，and they can be beautiful，but they are never beautiful in the way that the country is beautiful. 城市有趣，而且美丽，但是它们永远不是乡村的那种美法。 （2020湖北）What surprised me was not what he said but_ he said it. A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which 7. Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other 古代中国是一个政权之间经常发生战争的地方。 war 联想 同义词：battle n. 战斗、战役，campaign 战役 反义词：peace n. 和平 warfare n. 作战，战争，斗争 短语拓展 at war（with） （与）交战中 go to war 诉诸武力；出征 war game 军事演习 war time 战时 declare war on 对宣战 a price war 价格战 conductfightwage war with 与战争 a civil war 内战 a cold war 冷战 the Opium War 鸦片战争 in peace 平安的（地） ；安心的（地） 辨析：battle，war，action，campaign 与 combat battle“战斗，战役” ，通常指大规模战斗，也指局部战争，整个战争称 war；battle 发生在与敌人和有敌对目标的人之间的战斗或冲突；action“战斗， 战争” ，常指军事冲突；campaign“战役 通常在某一地区所采取的一系列有固定 目的的军事行动，一次战役（campaign）可以包括多次战斗（battle） ，如 Huai Hai Campaign 淮海战役。一次战争（war）可以有几次战役，如 the Chinese Peoples War of Liberation 中国人民解放战争；combat“格斗，战斗” ，指两 人之间搏斗，争斗。 Wouldnt it be_ wonderful would if all nations lived in _ peace with one another? A. a； B. the； C. a；the D. the；the 8. He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius. spend v. （spent，spent）花费；消费 联想 spendable adj. 可花费的 spender n. 浪费的人 spendthrift n. 浪费者，挥霍者 spent adj. 筋疲力尽的，无力的 短语拓展 spending money 零用钱 spendon 在花 spend（inon）doing sth. 在某事上花费 spendfor花钱置（某物） 辨析：take，spend，pay 与 cost 四者均有汉语的“花费”之意，但其作用的句型不同： take 指花费时间，句型是：It take sb. some time to do spend 可表示花费时间，也可表示花费金钱，动作的执行者是人，句型是 sb. spend some time（money）doing sth. （inon doing sth. 或 on sth. ） cost 指花费金钱，动作执行者是物，句型是：sth. costs （sb. ）some money pay 意为付钱，动作执行者是人，句型是 sb. pays some money for sth. It took me twenty years to finish the work. 完成那项工作花费了我 20 年时间。 The bike cost Tom 300 Yuan. 那辆自行车花去了汤姆 300 元。 Tome paid $2 for the book. 汤姆花了 2 美元买那本书。 （2020上海）Some passengers complain that it usually so long to fill in travel insurance documents. A. costs B. takes C. spends D. spares 9. 潜点解读 As a result，he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings. 因此，他花了多年时间试图找到这样一个国家，在那儿人们能接受他的思想。 result n. 联想 resultant adj. 结果的，结果带来的 （1）n. 结果，结尾；成果，成绩 cause and result 因果 The result was that he caught cold. 结果是他感冒了。 （2）v. 造成结果；终归，导致 The terrible accident resulted from his carelessness. 那桩可怕的意外事件因他的疏忽大意而引起。 His attempt resulted in failure. 他的尝试终于失败了。 短语拓展 as a result 结果 as a result of 由于 in the result 结果 with the result that 为此；因此 without result 徒劳；毫无结果 result in 导致 result from 起因于；由产生 注意 result from 的主语是“结果” ，宾语是“起因” ；result in 的主语是“起因” ， 宾语是“结果” 。如： His failure resulted from his laziness. His laziness resulted in his failure. 懒惰导致失败。 （2020上海）One of the consequences of our planets being warming up is a（n）_ in the numbers of natural disasters. A. result B. account C. reason D. increase 语法知识 一、限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句和主句关系密切，如果取消这个定语从句，就会使句子的意思含义 不完整。 1. 限制性定语从句的关系代词 2. 限制性定语从句的关系副词 指代对 象 先行词关系副词 时间 表示时间概念的词 day，year，date when 地点 表示地点概念的词the place, the city where 原因 表示原因概念的词why why 3. 要点例释 （1）The man who（that）spoke at the meeting last week was a famous writer. 上周在会上发言的那个人是位知名的作家。 解析 who，that 在定语从句中作主语时不能省略。 （2）The boy whom（that）we helped just now is Tom. 我们刚才帮助的那个男孩是汤姆。 解析 whom，that 在从句中充当宾语的时候可以省略。 The boy we helped just now is Tom. （3）Have you read the book whose cover is red? 你读过那本红色封面的书吗? 解析 whose 在从句中充当定语，意思为“的”whose cover 也可以写成 cover of whichHave you read the book，the cover of which is red? （4）We visited the village which（that）stands at the foot of the hill. 我们参观了坐落在山脚下的村庄。 解析 which，that 在从句中可以充当主语，此时 which 或者 that 不能省略去。 （5）We all like the houses whose windows are very big. 我们喜欢那些窗户高大的房子。 解析 whose 在定语从句中作先行词，充当定语，可以表示某物的或者某人的，要 与 whose 在特殊疑问句中作疑问词分开，在特殊疑问句中 whose 只表示“某人的” 。 试比较： Whose pen is it? 谁的钢笔? The boy whose father is a worker likes English. 父亲是个工人的那个男孩很喜欢英语。 The book whose cover is red is Marys. 那本红皮的书是玛丽的。 （6）This is one of the best films that have been put on this month. 这是这个月最好的电影之一。 解析 当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或者数词修饰的时候只用 that。又如： Which is the first one to get to school every day? 每天早晨哪一个最早到学校? （7）My father and he talked of things and persons that they remembered in the sch001. 我父亲跟他谈论着上学时候的人和事。 解析 当先行词有人和物两种情况的时候，关系代词得用 that。 （8）He handed in everything he stole. 他交出他偷的所有东西。 解析 先行词有不定代词 all，much，everything，nothing 或者 everything 充当 的时候，关系代词只能用 that。 （9）That is the only step that we can take at the moment. 此时我们只有这么办了。 当先行词前 any，no，some，only，very 等词修饰的时候，关系代词只能用 that。 This is the very man were after. 这就是我们要找的人。 （10）Who is that man that you are looking after? 你正在照料的那个人是谁? 解析 主句中有 which 或 who 的时候关系代词只能用 that。又如： Who is that man who helped to carry your box? 刚才帮你搬箱子的那个人是谁啊? （11）The chair on which you are sitting is a new one. 你坐的那把椅子是一把新的。 解析 根据从句的句意需要，可以在先行词前面加上一个适当的介词，使句意完整。 介词后面只能加 which，不能用 that。但是介词处于从句句尾的时候可以用先行词 that。例如： This is the house in which he lived last year. This is the room（that）he lived in last year. 【模拟试题】 I. 单项填空 1. I am short of money，I cant _ to buy the car. A. spend B. pay C. cost D. afford 2. The discovery he _ about this field of silence was quickly accepted. A. found B. made C. invented D. searched 3. Ten people lost their lives in the accident，_ two children. A. includes B. includedC. including D. to include 4. The subjects we have at school _ English. A. including B. includedC. includesD. include 5. We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer. A. whichB. that C. whoseD. when 6. Can you tell me the reason _ you were late for class yesterday? A. whatB. why C. whichD. that 7. The reason _ he cant say is _ he was once a thief. A. why；because B. why；that C. that；becauseD. that；that 8. The organization _ in the year _ they got to America. A. found；whenB. found；which C. was founded；when D. was founded；which 9. Do you know your hometown at all? No，this is the first time I _ here. A. wasB. have been C. cameD. am coming 10. The result of so much _ was that the English language _ many French words. A. influences；ended upB. influence；ended in C. influences；ended up withD. influence；ended up with 11. The working conditions _ getting this factory. A. is；better and betterB. is；more and more good C. are；better and betterD. are；more and more good 12. The children had an argument _ what game to play. A. over B. atC. forD. in 13. Alec asked the policeman _ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. A. with himC. with whomB. whoD. whom 14. 一Are you going there with US? 一If Mary wants to go，_. A. I also goC. so I willB. so do ID. so will I 15. At that time，China was _ war with Japan. A. inC. forB. atD. against II. 单词 1. 准则；原则_2. 职位_ 3. 强调_4. 辞职_ 5. 顾问 _6. 有影响的_ 7. 统治者_ III. Phrases 1. 抚养；养育_2. 与交战_ 3. 在尽头_4. 言论自由_ 5. 唤醒；觉醒_6. 要是那样的话_ 7. 责任感_8. 工业革命_ 9. 批量生产_10. 多达_ 11. 在贫困和拥挤的环境里_ IV. 完成句子 1. 今天谁值日? Who is _ _ today? 2. 在体重上没人能和他比。 No one can _ him _ _? 3. 我哥哥的老师对他学英语的决定起了影响作用。 My brothers teacher_ _ _to study English. 4. 绝大多数西方人信仰上帝。 _ _ the westerns _ _ God. 5. 我认为你应该接受他的建议。 I think you should _ _ _. V. 定语从句的用法 1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A. thatB. whoC. whomD. this 2. The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher. A. whomB. whichC. whoD. / 3. The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary. A. thatB. whoseC. whichD. as 4. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the oneB. whichC. whoD. whom 5. Is this factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the oneB. that C. whichD. / 6. The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. A. whichB. thatC. /D. it 7. The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police. A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. all 8. _ cleans the blackboard should be praised. A. That B. Who C. The one whoD. The students who 9. Please show me the book _ you bought yesterday. A. whichB. whomC. whoseD. this 10. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year. A. whoB. whomC. whichD. / 11. This is the only article of these that _ written by him. A. was B. wereC. isD. are 12. The man _ was here just now is a doctor. A. whomB. whoC. /D. he 13. The boy _ has two lovely dogs. A. who live next doorB. which lives next door C. whom lives next doorD. that lives next door 14. Those _ made no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands. A. whichB. whomC. thatD. who 15. Dont go in, this is the shop _ we have just been _. A. /, toB. that, /C. where, toD. which, there 16. He is the most careful boy _ I know. A. whatB. whichC. asD. / 17. This is the school _ Mr. Smith once taught. A. in thatB. whenC. whereD. there 18. Have you visited the house _ the famous scientist was born? A. whereB. in thatC. thatD. which 19. The factory _ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week. A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which 20. Do you still remember the day _ we first met? A. thatB. whenC. whatD. on that 21. October 1,1949 is the day _ well never forget. A. when B. thatC. whereD. in which 22. October 1,1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded. A. whichB. whenC. whereD. in which 23. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing? A. whichB. whereC. in whichD. what 24. Is this museum _ they visited last month? A. thatB. whichC. whereD. the one 25. I still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where VI. 在下列定语从句中，填入适当的介词。 1. The pencil _ which he wrote was broken. 2. He built a telescope _ which he could study the skies. 3. The woman, _ whom I learned the news, is a nurse. 4. The wolf _ which the sheep was killed was shot. 5. She has three children, all _ whom are at school. 6. There is a tall tree outside, _ which stands our teacher. 7. My glasses, _ which I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. 8. In the dark street, there wasnt a person _ whom she could turn for help. 9. I was surprised at the way _ which he treated the old man. 10. The age _, which children can go to school, is seven. 11. His bike _, which he went to work, was stolen last night. 12. Do you know the building _, which is flying a red flag? 13. Ours is a beautiful school, _ that we are proud. 14. The desk _, which Jack is leaning, is Johns. 15. He bought a book yesterday, the author _ that is a teacher. VII. 综合练习 1. The twin brothers are _ to each other and I cannot tell them apart. A. likely B. same C. likeD. similar 2. Wales has a population of three million, 20% of _ can speak Welsh. A. them B. that C. it D. which 3. The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations _ help is needed. A. where B. that C. whichD. what 4. - Our manager is having a meeting now.