高一英语Unit 7 Grammar冀教版知识精讲

高一英语Unit 7 Grammar冀教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Unit 7 Grammar动名词1. 动名词作主语、宾语和表语1）作主语Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方与北方开战了。2）作宾语a. 动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sthadvise建议allow 允许admit 承认appreciate 感激,赞赏avoid 避免complete 完成consider 认为delay 耽误deny 否认detest 讨厌endure 忍受enjoy 喜欢escape 逃脱prevent阻止fancy 想象finish 完成imagine 想象mind 介意miss 想念postpone 推迟practise 训练recall 回忆resent 讨厌resist 抵抗resume 继续risk 冒险suggest 建议face 面对include 包括stand 忍受understand 理解forgive 宽恕keep 继续举例：(1)Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?(2)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.b. 词组后接doingadmit prefertobe used to lead todevote oneself to object tostick to busylook forward to(to为介词)no good,no use,Its worth, as well as,cant help,Its no use /good be tired ofbe fond of be capable of be afraid ofbe proud of think of / about hold offput off keep on insist oncount on / uponset about be successful in good attake upgive upburst outprevent from3）作表语Her job is washing，cleaning and taking care of the children.2. worth 的用法worth，worthy，worth-while都为adj.意为“值得”。1）worth： be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时，表示“ 值得”be worth doing sth.“某事值得被做”The question is not worth discussing again and again.2）worthy：be worthy of +n.当名词为抽象名词时表示“值得”be worthy to be done “某事值得被做”The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again.3） worth-while： be worth-while to do sth “值得做某事”worth while： It is worth while doing sthIt is worth while sb to do sth.例题It is not _ to discuss the question again and again.A. worthB. worthyC. worth-whileD. worth while答案C. 由worth的用法可知，此句只适合词组be worth-while to do sth.。因此选C。现在分词1. 现在分词作定语分词前置We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日。There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里。There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西。2. 现在分词作状语As I didnt receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.- Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. 由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。 There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A. followedB. followingC. to be followedD. being followed答案B。由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。3. 连词+现在分词(短语)有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。 连词有： when，while，if though，after, before, as. 但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个，如：While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.waiting 和saw 的主语相同。4. 现在分词作补语通常在感官动词和使役动词之后，如： I found my car missing.我发现我的车不见了。5. 现在分词作表语现在分词： 表示主动，正在进行 He remained standing beside the table.他依然站在桌旁。6. 现在分词作插入语其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。 generally speaking一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说道 strictly speaking 严格的说 judging from 从判断 all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration全面看来Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的动作)虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词“be”的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你，就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。例题_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were IB. I wereC. Were ID. Was I答案C。在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Werent I to do.【模拟试题】（答题时间：50分钟）第一部分 语言知识运用第一节 词语运用根据首字母或是括号内的汉语提示填写单词。1. The human body is a complex s _.2. The telephone has been ringing c_ in the office all morning.3. Please fill in the blanks with a_ words.4. Nowadays, the b _ had been broken.5. I felt l_ when left alone at home.6. The boy is developing a strong _（个性）.7. The rubbish must be _ （清理）in time.8. The accidents happen _(偶尔) at the crossing.9. Would you please give me some _（建议）on English study?10. Mount Tai is _(位于) south of Jinan.第二节 单项选择从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。1. Will you please _ me _ tea?A. serve; with B. serve; to C. serving; to D. service; with2. Is that music _ youd like to dance?A. from which B. with which C. to which D. by which3. -Li lei, I come to tell you that I am leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.- _A. I wish you a good trip.B. I am glad to hear that.C. Really? Congratulations.D. I hope you a good trip.4. The students walked out of the classroom, _.A. talked and laughed B. talking and laughingC. to talk and laugh D. talking and to laugh5. -My bike needs _.- Would you like me _ it for you?A. to repair, to do B. repairing, doingC. to repair; doing D. to be repaired; to do6. _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A. The president well attendB. The president to attendC. The president attendedD. The presidents attending7. He _ the company for 20 years.A. has been in charge of B. has been in the charge ofC. has taken charge of C. is in charge of8. -What made him so unhappy?-_ the ticket for the football match.A. Losing B. Having been lostC. Because of losing D. To lost9. I think _ wrong to take _ for granted that _ is easy to learn English.A. that; something; it B. it; it; thatC. it; anything; it D. it; it; it10. -How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?-The key _ the problem is to meet demand _ by the customers.A. to solving; making B. to solving; madeC. to solve; makingD. to solve; made11. I suggest that she _ at English.A. work hard B. works hardC. should work hard D. both A and C12. A man is being questioned in relation to the _murder last night.A. advised B. attendedC. attemptedD. admitted13. Sugar, as a quick _ resource, can be rapidly taken in by the human body.A. foodB. fitness C. energy D. overweight14. When I caught him _ me, I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.A. cheat B. to cheat C. cheating D. to be cheating15. _ the temperature, _water turns into steam.A. The high; the fast B. Higher; fasterC. The more higher; the fasterD. The higher; the faster第三节阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从120各题所给的四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。Once the King of India fell ill and sent for the 1 . The doctor came, examined him and said, “You will be well again in a few days if you take bulls milk.”The King was very 2 , for he never heard of a bull that gave milk. “How is it possible?” he asked. “Order Gulbo the scholar to get it for you. He can do 3 .” The doctor was 4 to Gulbo and thought this would be a way of making him suffer. When the King told Gulbo 5 the doctor said and ordered him to get bulls milk, Gulbo immediately 6_what the doctor was trying to do.When he got home, he sat thinking how to 7 the difficulty. His daughter, seeing him _8 , asked what was the matter. On hearing what the King asked for she said, “Dont worry, father. I will help you.”_9 she took some old clothes, went to the bank of the river near the 10 , and chose a place below the Kings bedroom window in the middle of the 11 . When everyone was in bed, she started to do her washing. She made so much noise that the King was very angry and sent a guard to 12 what was the matter. The soldier found the girl and 13 her to the King. “Why do you wash your clothes here at night?” asked the King.The girl pretended to be afraid, and said, “I 14 wash clothes at night. This afternoon my 15 had a baby. I was busy all day because of that. Then I found there were no 16_ clothes for the baby, so I had to come and wash them now.”“What?” cried the King. “Are you trying to 17 a fool of me? Who ever heard of a man having a baby?”“Well, if 18 himself orders someone to get bulls milk for him, 19 cant a man have a baby?” The King smiled and said, “You must be Gulbos daughter. Go and tell your father that he may keep the 20 for his lovely baby.”1. A. sonB. wifeC. servantD. doctor2. A. gladB. sorryC. surprisedD. frightened3. A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. things4. A. a friendB. an enemyC. a neighbourD. a schoolmate5. A. thatB. whatC. whyD. which6. A. thoughtB. askedC. believedD. understood7. A. work outB. keep up withC. get out ofD. go on with8. A. angryB. worriedC. disappointedD. happy9. A. One dayB. The other dayC. The next dayD. Tomorrow10. A. gardenB. palaceC. officeD. bridge11. A. nightB. palaceC. gardenD. day12. A. findB. find outC. look forD. explain13. A. gaveB. droveC. carriedD. led14. A. couldB. shouldC. had toD. might15. A. sisterB. motherC. fatherD. aunt16. A. newB. cleanC. clearD. old17. A. makeB. takeC. haveD. do18. A. GulboB. a manC. the doctorD. the King19. A. whenB. whereC. whyD. how20. A. bulls milkB. cows milkC. clean clothesD. old clothes第二部分 阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABCD四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ACharles Schulz draws the world-famous Peanut. Now he is talking.“Ive got the idea for one story from my own children. ”We were having supper, and my daughter talked too much. I said, “Can you please be quiet?” She was silent for a moment. Then she began buttering a piece of bread, saying, “Am I buttering too loud for you?” I gave the line to Linus after Lucy shouted at him.“Snoopy is not a real dog, of course. Hes what people would like a dog to be. But he has his beginnings in Spike. I had him when I was a boy. He knew about 50 words. I often told him to go down to the basement to bring up a potato.” Snoopys creator looked sad for a moment.According to Schulz, Charlie Brown and Charles Schulz are the same person. “People read a lot into the stories,” Schulz says. “But really theyre just about the things when I was a boy.”1. How much do you know about Peanut?A. Its about Schulz himself. B. Its about the writers dog.C. Its for old people. D. Its for young children.2. How many people in the stories does Schulz talk about?A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.3. According to Schulz, Snoop _.A. looks the same as Spike B. knows about 50 wordsC. is like many good dogs D. can do something for us4. The first paragraph tells us the writers daughter _.A. is very much like Linus B. likes making jokesC. is afraid of her father D. gets angry easily5. From what Schulz has said, we can infer _.A. Charlie Brown liked Spike very much, so he was sad when he diedB. Charles Schulz had a dog called Spike, and he still remembers himC. Spike was a friend of Charlie Browns, and they liked each otherD. Snoopy is very clever, so Charles Schulz likes him very muchBFrom the earliest times，man has been interested in artPeople have often worked together to collect and save the worlds art treasuresFine art treasures from many countries are kept in an art museum called the Louvre（卢浮宫） in Paris，FranceThe works of art have been collected by the people of France over many centuriesThe Louvre has not always been a museumThe first building was a fort(堡垒)in 1190，it was the kings castle with high walls and a round towerIt had a moat（城壕）to keep out his enemiesOver the years，the number of buildings around the castle grewBy 1350，the castle was no longer needed as a fortThe Louvre became a palace home for French kings and queensDuring times of peace，new treasures were brought inDuring days of war，many treasures were stolen，and the buildings were damagedWhen Francis I became king of France in 1515，he brought in artists from many countriesOne of the artists was Leonardo da Vinci from ItalyDa Vincis “Mona Lisa”is the best known painting in the museum todayIn 1793，the Louvre became a public museum，just as it is nowIt is a place where art treasures have been saved for everyone to enjoy6. On the whole，this passage is mainly about_.A. an art museum called the LouvreB. an Italian artist named Leonardo da VinciC. a king of France named Francis ID. the best known painting in Louvre7. Which of the following is not true？A. The Louvre used to be a fort a very long time ago.B. French kings and queens once lived in it.C. The Louvre was taken by enemies in 1190.D. Many treasures were brought into the Louvre over the years.8. Why is it good for great art to be kept in public museums？A. It helps people remember who the King of France is.B. It keeps people out of the palaces.C. It gives everyone a chance to enjoy good art.D. It helps people to know who is the greatest artist.9. From the passage we know that_.A. it is not possible for treasures to be stolenB. old forts always make the best museumsC. great art should be shared with all the peopleD. king Francis I of France brought in artists from an old fort10. In the third paragraph the word “moat” probably means_.A. a high tower built in former times where soldiers watched out for enemiesB. a long and deep ditch dug round a castle and was usually filled with waterC. a cart pulled by horses on which soldiers foughtD. a long and high wall around castleCElizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters asking for admission(录取) to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. She was so determined that she taught school and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling.In 1849, after graduation from medical school. she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon(外科医师) , but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea.Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children Besides being the first woman physician and founding her own hospital , she also set up the first medical school for women.11. Why couldnt Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon?A. She couldnt get admitted to medical school.B. She decided to further her education in Paris.C. A serious eye problem stopped her.D. It was difficult for her to start a practice in the United States.12. What main obstacle(障碍) almost destroyed Elizabeths chances for becoming for a doctor?A. She was a woman.B. She wrote too many letters.C. She couldnt graduate from medical school.D. She couldnt set up her hospital.13. How many years passed between her graduation from medical school and the opening of her hospital?A. Eight years B. Ten years C. Nineteen years D. Thirty-six years14. According to the passage, all of the following are “firsts” in the life of Elizabeth Blackwell,except that she _.A. became the first woman physicianB. was the first woman doctorC. and several other women founded the first hospital for women and childrenD. set up the first medical school for women15. Elizabeth Blackwell spent most of her life in _.A. England B. Paris C. the United States D. New York CityDWhen do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first fourminutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In the book, he offers this advice toanyone interested in starting new friendships. “Every time you meet someone in a social situation,give him your undivided attention for four minutes. A lot of peoples whole lives would change ifthey did just that.”You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. He keeps looking over the other persons shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room. If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendlyand self-confident (自信). In general, he says, “People like people who like themselves.”On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic (同情的), realizing that the other person has hisown needs, fears, and hopes.Hearing such advice, one might say, “But Im not a friendly, self-confident person. Thats notmy nature. It would be dishonest for me to act that way.”In reply, Dr. Zunin would say that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits. We can become used to any changes we choose to make in our personality,” Its like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one. “ But isnt dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we dont actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, “total h