高一英语暑假专题（三）人教实验版知识精讲

高一英语高一英语暑假专题（三）暑假专题（三）人教实验版人教实验版 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 暑假专题（三） 1. 状语从句：目的、结果、比较、地点、让步、方式状语从句 2. 阅读中怎样猜测词义 二、重、难点讲解 状语从句 目的状语从句，常用 in order that, so that, so that, for fear that, in case 及 lest 连接从句 1. in order that 与 so that 两者都指“以便” ， “为了” ，引导的状语从句中需要用情态动词。in order that 比 so that 正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句前或后；so that 从句 只能在主句之后。 Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me. In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early. Most college students go to college so that they can be engineers, teachers or chemists. 2. for fear that, in case 与 lest。意思是“以免” 、 “万一” 这些由连词引导的状语从句中谓语动词要用 “should + do” , 它本身带有否定 的含义， 相当于 so that not , 或 in order that not The boy hid himself in case / for fear that his father should see him. Take your raincoat in case / lest it should rain. 结果状语从句， 常用 so that, such that 或 so that , with the result that 等连接。 The weather is so bad that I cant go out. Its such a good chance that we mustnt miss it. I was in bath, with the result that I couldnt hear the phone. Tom studied very hard so that he passed the exam. 1. 复习 so that, such that 结构形式 so + 形容词/ 副词 + that 从句 so + 形容词 + a / an + 可数名词单数 + that 从句 so + many / much / few / little + 名词 + that 从句 such + a / an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + that 从句 such + 形容词 + 复数名词 / 不可数名词 + that 从句 such + a lot of / lots of + 名词 + that 从句 1）Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him. 2）Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him. 3）It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park. 4）He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family. 2. 注意：so that 和 so that 的用法区别 1）so that 和 so that 都可引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句。 当它们引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常有 can, could, may, might, will, would 等情态动词；而引导结果状语从句时则没有这些情态动词。 从内容上看，结果状语从句的主句和从句有因果关系，主句表原因，从句表结果。 e.g. Ill run slowly so that you can catch up with me. 我会慢慢地跑以便你能赶上来。 I ran slowly so that you caught up with me. 我跑得慢结果你赶上来了。 He always studies so hard that he may make great progress. 他总是那么努力，这样他才会取得很大的进步。 He always studies so hard that he makes great progress. 他总是那么努力，结果他取得很大进步。 比较状语从句 主要用于形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级的句子中。 1. 常用 as / so as 表示原级比较，用 than 表示比较状语从句。 This suggestion is as good as that one. They didnt do so (as) well as us. What they saw there was even worse than they had expected. 2. 在比较级中，一定要注意比较的对象要一致。 The weather in Shanghai is hotter than that in Beijing. The students in my class are more than those in yours. 3. 在表示倍数时，可用三种形式 This building is once taller than that one. 这栋楼房比那栋高一倍。 This building is twice as tall as that one. 这栋楼房是那栋楼房的二倍。 This building is twice the height of that one. 这栋楼房是那栋楼房的二倍。 地点状语从句，常用 where , wherever 来引导。 Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire. We should go where the Party needs us most. You are free to go wherever you like. Where there is a will, there is a way. Put the book where it is. 注意区分 where 引导的定语从句和状语从句 Youd better make a mark where you have any questions. Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. 让步状语从句，表示“虽然” 、 “尽管” 、 “即使”等概念。 常用的连词有 though, although, even if, even though, when, while, whether, whoever, whatever 等。 e.g. Though Im fond of music, I cannot play any instrument. Even though you say so, we shall do it. Although it is difficult, we shall do it. Whatever he says, you dont go. You cant come in, whoever you are. I have to go to work, no matter whether it rains or not. Patient as he was, he had no intention of waiting three hours. (Though he was patient, he had no intention of waiting three hours.) 虽然他有耐性，但是他不打算等三个小时。 Whether (=No matter whether) you like it or not, youll have to do it. While (Although) I admit that the problems are difficult, I dont agree that they cannot be solved. 虽然我承认这些问题很难，我不认为它们不能解决。 方式状语从句，表示动作的方式，常用的连词有：as, as if, as though, the way, 等等。 e.g. Do as I say. He looks as if hes tired. Do it the way you were taught. I feel as if I have a fever. The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son. 阅读中怎样猜测词义 任何一个实词只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。所谓上下文 （context） ，正如英语词典所解释的，其作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或 句子的意义。因此我们可以尽可能利用生词所在的上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推 求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们所不熟悉的词的词义。 猜词 时注意： 1. 要对上下文中已知的部分进行逻辑上的推理。例如： He laughed and shrugged(耸肩), “I have no choice,” he said, “I must bow unavoidable.” 2. 必要时还需进行语法分析，尤其是判断词与词之间的关系。例如： There are some erroneous answers on the students test paper, but there are not enough wrong answers to fail him. 3. 有时还要依靠常识和经验。例如： Sometimes the earth moves between the sun and the moon. Then the earths shadow falls on the moon; no light from the sun can reach the moon. The moon gets dark because it cannot reflect the suns light. We call this an eclipse of the moon. 利用上下文猜测词义的方法有以下几种： 1. 根据定义或解释猜测词义。 A calendar is a list of the days, weeks, months of a particular year. Some myths, which are the stories handed down from ancient times and include the early beliefs of a nation, are widely spread around the world. She had a lesion on her arm that would not stop bleeding. 2. 根据同义、反义、同等、同位关系猜测词义。 Although people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy(美味), we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked. Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homely. 有时我们很难猜出某些生词的确切意思，但如果能利用词语之间的同等关系或 同位关系即可推知生词的大致含义与义域。所谓同等关系指的是一组词或短语，通 常由并列连词 and 或 or 来连接。因此只要我们能认识其中一个或几个词或短语， 就可确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至能推知它的词义。所谓同位关系 包括两个基本成分，即用一部分词、短语或句子进一步说明另一部分指的是谁或是 什么。利用已知部分的含义，便可确定或大体推知另一部分生词的词义。 Not every car, bus, jeep or other kinds of vehicle can be made in the factory. Pandas, the bear-like animal, live only in China. 3. 根据因果关系猜测词义。 The noise was so faint that it was impossible to be sure what it was or even where it came from. She cant play tennis now because she cant find her white sneakers. 【模拟试题】 一. 根据所学的猜测方法，判断下面句子中划线单词的词义。 1. We like our new house because it has a few elms in the back yard that will give us shade and keep the house cooler. A. a kind of tree B. a kind of plant C. a kind of building 2. He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated. A. get worse B. improved C. was recorded 3. She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair because it was too long. A. wash B. cut C. do up 4. If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. A. quarrel B. persuade C. disagree 5. Sabots, or wooden shoes, are frequently worn by the field workers in Belgium and France. A. clothes B. caps C. shoes 6. Have some sherries with your Christmas - the most famous wine from Spain. A. a kind of bird B. a kind of fruit C. a kind of wine 二. 单项选择 1. She pretended _ nothing had happened. A. as B. if C. as though D. since 2. They went on doing their experiment _ they had failed many times. A. unless B. until C. though D. as long as 3. After the war a new school building was put up _ there once was a theatre. A. that B. which C. when D. where 4. _ how hard I pushed , the door stayed closed. A. Even if B. Since C. Though D. No matter 5. Dark _ it was , we continued our way. A. because B. since C. as D. that 6. _ we made progress in our studies, we should not be proud. A. If B. Because C. So long as D. Even if 7. Put the umbrella _ you took it. A. when B. as C. after D. where 8. He made _ fire that the room was quite warm. A. so big B. such big C. so big a D. such big a 9. If you _ it, I will lend the novel to you. A. reading B. did read C. have read D. want to read 10. Let her do that, if she _. A. does B. is C. will D. will do 三. 阅读理解 Pine Tree The pine tree is a special kind of tree. Some people call the pine tree a Christmas tree. This is because many people put pine trees in their homes at Christmas time. They decorate (装饰) the tree with coloured lights, and put Christmas presents under the tree. Pine trees are different from other trees because most other trees lose their leaves in the winter. Pine trees stay green all year long, even in the winter. Pine trees are also called evergreens because they are always green. Pine trees do not have soft leaves like the maple tree. They have hard, thin leaves called needles. Pine trees also have pine cones. Pine cones look like hard berries. If you walk in a forest, you will see many pine cones on the ground. Inside the pine cones are seeds. When the seeds fall to the ground, a new tree starts to grow. Pine trees are valuable for many reasons. The wood is used to make furniture and boats. Many kinds of birds build their nests in pine trees. The seeds of pine trees are food for small animals such as squirrels and mice and for bigger animals such as rabbits and black bears. The needles