高一英语第一册 Unit 10 The world around us人教版知识精讲

高一英语第一册 Unit 10 The world around us人教版【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容Unit 10 The world around us（一）重点单词（二）重点短语（三）重点句式二、本周精讲（一）重点单词1. lead vt. 率领，领导，引导 vi. 通向，导致The servant led the visitors in.仆人引导客人入内。lead the way (to) : 带路，引路lead an army / the fashion: 指挥军队/引领时尚Where does the road lead?这条路通向哪里？So many spelling mistakes in the article led to great difficulty in reading.文章中太多的拼写错误给阅读带来很大困难。All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。live a happy life = lead a happy life2. measure: n. 尺寸，措施 vt. 测量 vi. 量有长（高、宽等）She made the trousers to my measure.她按照我的尺寸做了一条裤子。We must take measures to protect the endangered animals.我们必须采取措施保护濒危动物。The tailor has measured me for a new suit.裁缝给我量好了尺寸做一套新西服。The Jinghu Express Railway to be built measures 1260 kilometers long.将要建成的“京沪高速铁路”长1260千米。回忆：The stone weighs 3 tons.这块巨石重达3吨。3. valuable adj. 贵重的，有价值的His suggestions are always valuable to us young men.他的建议对我们青年人来说总是很有价值。value n. 不可数名词，表示“价值”，常用搭配(be) of value, 相当于形容词valuableHis special knowledge was of great value in this work.他的特殊知识在做这项工作时很有用。4. reduce v. 减少，降低The number of smokers in America has been reduced by 30% in the past ten years.过去十年美国的吸烟人数减少了30%。Now the cost of a motorbike has been reduced to 500 dollars.现在一辆摩托车的成本已降低到500美元。5. respond v. 回答；响应；作出反应；（药物）有效I offered him a position in the company but he didnt respond (to my offer).我在公司里给他提供了一个职位，但是他没有响应。The illness quickly responded to treatment.病经过治疗后很快有了起色。response 用作名词，意思是“回答；回音；反应；响应”。They made no response to our call for help, which disappointed us all.他们对我们的求助没有响应，这使我们很失望。6. amount n. 数量；量amount 与of连用，构成固定用法an amount of “许多”，后常接不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式；amounts of“许多；大量”，后面接不可数名词，谓语动词多用复数形式。A large amount of money is spent on tobacco every year.每年都要在烟草上花费大量的金钱。Large amounts of damage were done in a very short time.短时间内造成了大量的破坏。“许多，大量”的表达方式：a number of / numbers of （接复数名词）；a great deal of （接不可数名词）；a good / great many （接复数名词）；plenty of （接可数或不可数名词）；a lot of / lots of（接可数或不可数名词）（二）重点短语1. When farmers cut down trees, tigers can no longer hide and hunt.cut down意思是“砍倒，砍伐，减少的量”His father cut down a tree and made a desk for him.他父亲砍了一棵树，为他做了张桌子。We cant cut down our expenses any more.我们不能再削减费用了。cut in 插嘴，插入The moment I began to speak, he cut in.我一开始说话，他就插嘴。cut off切断 cut up 切碎，剁碎2. die out指家庭，种族“灭绝”或做法、观念“完全消失，绝迹”。Many of our old customs are dying out day by day.我们许多古老的风俗正在逐渐地消失。die off指一群生物“相继死去”，die away指声音、风、光“逐渐消失”，die down指物质特性或情感“逐渐平息”。die of / from: 死于；因而死As she got older, her relatives died off.随着她越来越老，她的亲戚们都相继死去了。The fire in the forest is dying down, and will soon die away.森林的火势在逐渐减弱，不久会消失的。即学即练：(1) The excitement soon .A. died awayB. died downC. died offD. died out答案：B(2) If we do nothing to protect the habitat, soon giant pandas will .A. die outB. die downC. die ofD. die away答案：A3. adapt to 适应（新环境等）(1) adapt (oneself) to 适应She adapted (herself) quickly to the new climate.她很快适应了这种新气候。(2) adaptfor 使适合于，为改编，改写adaptfrom 根据改编，改写Its hard to adapt this story for the children film.要将这部小说改编为儿童电影很困难。The film has been adapted from the story.4. make a difference 有关系；有影响If you do so, it will make a great difference.如果你那样做，影响就很大了。make no/some/any/much/a lot of difference表示“很有关系，没有关系”等It doesnt make any difference whether they support us or not.他们是否支持我们没有任何关系。It makes no difference what colour my car is.我的车是什么颜色没有多大关系。Shall we go on Friday or Saturday?我们星期五去还是星期六去？It makes no difference.无所谓（没关系，没影响）即学即练：Changing schools made a big to my life.A. effectB. impressionC. differenceD. progress5. Joseph is doing what he can to save the animals in danger.in danger“处于危险之中”，其中danger是名词，形容词为dangerous“危险的”，动词为endanger“使遭受危害，危及”。be in danger的反义词be out of danger“脱离危险”in danger of 有的危险 be dangerous 表示“危险的”The patients life is in danger.这个病人生命垂危。The tiger is dangerous. Dont get close to it.那只老虎很危险，不要靠近它。6. devoteto“把用于，致力于”devote oneself / ones time/money/energy to (doing) sth. 为付出时间/金钱/努力也可以用be devoted to 表示“致力于，献身于”He has devoted his life to helping the black.他为帮助黑人而献出一生。All of them were devoted to teaching English in poor areas.他们献身于贫穷地区的英语教学。含介词to的短语有：adapt () to 调整以适应get down to 开始干look forward to 盼望pay attention to 注意lead to 导致get used to 习惯于本单元其他的重要短语：lead to 导致某种结果as a result of 作为（的）结果take turns (at) doing sth. 依次；轮流做某事get started 开始keep sb. (sth.) from doing sth. 制止或阻止某人或某物做某事take measures 采取措施at present 目前；现在set free 释放throw away 扔掉（三）重点句式1. If we know more about what causes endangerment, we may be able to take measures before it is too late.如果我们能更多地了解致使生物濒危的原因，就能及时采取补救措施。before趁（还没有），引导时间状语从句Before I could speak to him, he had left hurriedly.我还没来得及和他说话，他就匆匆离开了。Write down the telephone number before you forget it.趁着还没忘，把电话号码写下来。比较：It will be two years before he comes back.两年之后他就回来了。It is two years since he came here.自从他回来已有两年了。句式：It was / will be +一段时间+before + 从句表示“多久后才”或（否定句）“没有多长时间就”“It is / has been / + 一段时间+since从句”表示至今已有多久。即学即练：Why didnt you try your best to get on the bus.I tried to, but I could it started moving.A. untilB. whenC. beforeD. after答案：C2. When the habitat of a species is changed or destroyed, the animal or plant has to either adapt to the change or find a new home.当一个物种的栖息地被改变或遭到破坏时，这个物种就必须去适应这种变化或找到一个新的家园。eitheror或者或者，引导并列结构。Either my father or my brothers are coming.不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances.那个女孩高兴时，不是唱就是跳。either.or连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，即“就近原则”。3. First of all, we need to learn more about animals, plants and the environment.首先，我们需要更多地了解动植物和周围环境。(1) need to do 表示“有必要做”，need用作实义动词，常用于肯定句中，构成疑问句和否定句，应借助于do, does, did，其后必须接带to的不定式。He needs to go there at once without delay.他有必要立刻去那里。Does she need to have a medical examination?她有必要体检吗？当need后接名词或动名词，表示“某物需要”时也是实义动词。如：The church roof needs repairing / to be repaired.教堂的房顶需要修理。(2) need用作情态动词时无人称和数的变化，常用于否定句，疑问句或条件句中。Need I telephone the editors right now?No, you neednt.If you need borrow money to start your business, Ill give you a hand.如果你需要钱做买卖，我可以帮忙。【典型例题】1. Either Tom or Jack and I his students.A. areB. amC. isD. was2. An animal expert has warned that wed better the sea lives before it is too late.A. take measures to protectB. take measures protectingC. take a measure to protectD. take measures for protecting3. Most of the students have realized that a good dictionary is in learning English.A. great valueB. of great valueC. great valuableD. greatly value4. It is almost five years we saw each other last time.A. beforeB. sinceC. afterD when5. The cause he had devoted himself a perfect success.A. to provedB. provedC. to proveD. to proving6. Mr. Read made up his mind to devote all he had to some schools for poor children.A. set upB. setting upC. have set upD. being set up7. The people who are out of work should the new situation quickly.A. adapt forB. adapt themselves toC. be adapted toD. adapt8. The library needs , but itll have to wait until Saturday.A. cleaning B. be cleanedC being cleanedD. to clean9. the car accident, Tackson couldnt work any longer.A. As a resultB. As the resultC. As a result ofD. As result of10. She was kept by her illness from the exam.A. takeB. takingC. tookD. to take答案：15: AABBA 610: BBACBUnit 11预习导学（一）重点单词、短语预习1. 单词suggestion n. 提议，意见perform vt. vi. 表演；履行；执行contain vt. 包含；容纳spread vt. vi. 传播；伸展；展开variety n. 多样性；种类；变化record v. 记录；录音 n. 纪录；唱片satisfy vt. 满足；使满意desire n. 愿望；心愿；要求 vt. 期望；希望；请求express vt. 表达；表示entertain vt. vi. 使欢乐；招待；款待2. 短语dance to 按节拍跳舞；伴随跳舞a world of 无数；大量；许多used to 过去常常；过去习惯in common 共有（的）；共同（的）a variety of 各种各样的turninto 把变成pick up 拾起；接（某人某物）；收听；获得pick out 挑出；选出；分辨出on the other hand 另一方面（二）重点句式预习1. Can you help me decide what to buy for Peters birthday?你能否帮我决定一下该为Peter的生日买什么礼物？what to buy结构相当于一个从句，即what sb. should buy.2. How about a Rolling Stones CD?滚石唱片怎么样？What / How about.? 怎么样？3. Here is a brief look at some of the exciting musical styles from around the world.这里要简单地说一下世界各地某些令人兴奋的音乐风格。here位于句首且主语是名词时引起完全倒装。4. So the next time you look for a tape or a CD, dont just look for Chinese or American music.所以你下一回找磁带或激光唱片的时候，不要只找中国或美国音乐。the next time引导时间状语从句，表示“下一次的时候”。【模拟试题】（答题时间：50分钟）. 单项选择题1. Can you give me an example to show how useful a computer is?Sure. people get information from it every day.A. A large number of, plenty ofB. The number of, a lot ofC. A large amount of, a great dealD. A plenty of, much2. They made a big steel ball, which about 3 meters across.A. measuredB. was measuredC. weighedD. was weighed3. It will be quite a long time she is back, so dont be worried.A. thatB. sinceC. beforeD. until4. I dont think it makes any difference the chairman will attend the concert.A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. 5. Since we took turns , we didnt find the trip too tiring.A. drivingB. on drivingC. to driveD. with driving6. Isnt it time you got down to the papers?A. markB. be markedC. being markedD. marking7. Einsteins hard work his new discoveries in physics.A. madeB. foundC. set outD. led to8. When you go to a foreign country, you must yourself new manners and customs.A. fit, forB. adapt, toC. adapt, forD. suit, for9. Gradually, the sound of music and laughter .A. died awayB. died offC. died ofD. died out10. The animals would face the danger of because of the pollution.A. dying outB. dying backC. dyingD. dying away. 完形填空Mr. and Mrs. Long are a very forgetful couple（夫妇）. For example, Mr. Long sometimes goes to office to work on 11 morning, for he 12 it is Monday. And Mrs. Long sometimes 13 to cook supper for the family.One summer they decided to 14 to New York for a holiday. They got to the 15 only ten minutes 16 the plane left. So time was short. 17 suddenly Mrs. Long said she must tell Linda, their 18 , not to forget to 19 the front door when she left 20 school in the morning. As Linda was then at school, they couldnt 21 her on the phone. So the couple hurried to the 22 . Mrs. Long wrote a 23 letter to Linda, while Mr. Long 24 a stamp and an envelope. Soon the letter was ready. They 25 put the stamp on the envelope and 26 it in the post box. But suddenly Mrs. Long began to 27 . The short letter 28 her daughter was 29 in her hand. She had put their 30 in the envelope!11. A. SundayB. MondayC. Tuesday.D Wednesday12. A. decidesB. guessesC. thinksD. suggests13. A. wantsB. remembersC. hopesD. forgets14. A. flyB. runC. walkD. drive15. A. bus stopB. airportC. seaportD. railway station16. A. whenB. beforeC. afterD. until17. A. HoweverB. AndC. ButD. So18. A. neighbourB. friendC. sonD. daughter19. A. closeB. lockC. shutD. turn off20. A. forB. toC. offD. away21. A. meetB. takeC. bringD. reach22. A. bankB. post officeC. shopD. restaurant23. A. shortB. largeC. longD. heavy24. A. borrowedB. boughtC. foundD. picked25. A. hurriedlyB. quietlyC. happilyD. suddenly26. A. threwB. sentC. droppedD. laid27. A. smileB. worryC. moveD. cry28. A. fromB. withC. inD. to29. A. alreadyB. stillC. neverD. sometimes30. A. passportsB. moneyC. pensD. plane tickets. 阅读理解AMillions of years ago dinosaurs（恐龙）lived on the earth. In the days of dinosaurs the whole earth was warm and wet. There were green forests and they could find enough to eat. Later, parts of the earth became cold and dry, and the forests there died. Then dinosaurs could not find enough to eat. This must be one reason why dinosaurs died out.We can guess another reason. New kinds of animals came on the earth. Some had big brains and were fast and strong. They could kill dinosaurs.There may be other reasons that we dont know about yet. Scientists are trying to make more discoveries about dinosaurs.Dinosaurs were of many sizes and shapes. Some were as small as chickens, while some were about 90 feet long.There were also terrible fights between dinosaurs. They might have happened more than 100 million years ago. Though there was no man to see any of the fights, we can be told by the animals footprint that fight did take place.31. According to the passage, dinosaurs did exist only on the earth.A. for millions of yearsB. millions of years agoC. more than 100 million years agoD. when it was warm and wet somewhere32. One reason why dinosaurs died out is that .A. there was too many dinosaursB. parts of the earth became cold and dryC. the dead forests there could not supply them with enough foodD. they couldnt find enough to eat33. One more reason may be that .A. new kinds of animals came on the earthB. some fast and strong animals with big brains could kill themC. some dinosaurs were as small as chickensD. some big dinosaurs died in the fights34. We can see from this passage .A. scientist are trying to make some dinosaursB. dinosaurs are dangerous enoughC. dinosaurs are worth studyingD. scientists know nothing about dinosaurs35. The terrible fights can be explained by .A. footprints of the animalsB. imaginationC. rocks and forestsD. dinosaurs eggsBComputers Help Fire FightersIn Kansas City, Missouri, a computer helps fire fighters. The computer contains information about every one of the 35000 street addresses in the city. When fire fighters answer a call, the computer will give them important information about the burning building, its position and almost all the ways of helping fire fighters with the problems facing them. For example, it can give medical information about invalids living in a burning building. With this information, the fire fighters can take special care to find these sick persons and carry them away quickly and safely.The Kansas city computer system also keeps a medical record of each of the citys 9000 fire fighters. This kind of information is especially useful when a hospital car treat the injured. With this information, doctors at the hospital can treat the injured fire fighters more quickly and easily.36. Missouri is most likely the name of .A. a well-known riverB. the head of the fire fightersC. a state in the USAD. a new kind of computer37. The computer ca