2020届高三英语语法要点细讲（配最新高考+模拟） 专题08 强调句

2020届高三英语语法要点精讲（配最新高考+模拟）专题08 强调句【考纲解读】在高考试卷中强调句已经成为高考热点。命题者加大了对句子结构复杂程度和知识面的考查，同时注重考查知识之间的交叉和语法知识的力度。这就要求我们在平时的复习和备考中注意总结，全面把握，深入研究。强调句主要有以下四大考点：（1）考查强调句式的基本结构（2）考查含有“notuntil”句型的强调句式（3）考查强调句式的疑问句（4）考查强调句式的正确判断强调句在高考中一般都不是以直接陈述句形式出现的，往往以一般疑问句式或特殊疑问句式出现；一定要注意判断正确，该句是否是强调句；强调状语时，连接词只能用that,强调人时则还可用who或whom。【知识要点】强调句强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式，下面简单归纳它的几种结构：一、用助动词“do（doesdid）动词原形”来表示强调。He does know the place well他的确很熟悉这个地方。Do write to me when you get there你到那儿后务必给我来信。二、用形容词very，only，single，such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气。Thats the very textbook we used last term这正是我们上学期用过的教材。You are the only person here who can speak Chinese你是这里惟一会讲汉语的人。Not a single person has been in the shop this morning今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。How dare you buy such expensive jewels？你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢？三、用ever，never，very，just等副词和badly，highly，really等带有-ly的副词来进行强调。Why ever did you do so？你究竟为什么要这么做？He never said a word the whole day一整天，他一句话也没说。Youve got to be very，very careful你一定得非常非常小心。This is just what I wanted这正是我所要的。He was badly wounded他伤得很严重。I really dont know what to do next我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。四、用in the world，on earth，at all等介词短语可以表达更强的语气（常用于疑问句）。Where in the world could he be？他到底会在哪儿？What on earth is it？它究竟是什么？Do you know at all？你到底知不知道？五、用感叹句来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感。How interesting a story it is！这是一个多么有趣的故事啊！Oh，what a lie！啊，真是弥天大谎！六、用重复来表示强调。Why！why！The cage is empty！啊！啊！箱子是空的。They walked for miles and miles他们走了好多英里。七、用倒装句（也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首）来加强语气。On the table were some flowers桌上摆着一些花。（强调地点）Many a time have I climbed that hill我多次翻过那座山。Only in this way can we solve this problem只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。八、用强调句型“It is（was）被强调的部分that（who）原句其他部分”来强调说话人的意愿。It was on Monday night that all this happened所有这一切发生在周一晚上。Its me that he blamed他怪的是我。九、用if来表示强调。1.if从句I dont knowwhowhat，etcdoesishas，etc；主语部分也可以用nobody doesishas，etc或everybody doesishas，etc来代替（这里的if从句往往是正话反说，反话正说）：If he cant do it，I dont know who can要是他做不了这件事，我不知道还有谁能做。（强调只有他能做）If Jim is a coward，everybody is要是吉姆是个胆小鬼，那么人人都是胆小鬼。（强调吉姆不是胆小鬼）2.if从句it be主句（此用法可看成是第8中强调句型的变形，即把所要强调的内容放在it be的后面，把其他内容放在由if引导的从句中）。If anyone knew the truth，it was Tom如果说谁了解事实的真相，那便是汤姆。If there is one thing he loves，it is money如果说世界上还有他爱的东西，那便是金钱。十、用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调，加强语气。Its because of hard workten years of hard work那是因为艰苦的工作十年艰苦的工作！He began the work in late May他在五月底开始的这项工作。知识解读1.使用强调句型进行强调强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他部分The old man spent a whole morning repairing that old bicycle.It is the old man that/who spent a whole morning repairing that old bicycle.It is a whole morning that the old man spent repairing that bicycle.2.使用倒装句进行强调见上(倒装）3.利用词语进行强调(1）用very强调名词You are the very person for this job. (2）用right/just强调副词性词组I put that book right here a moment ago.My key was right in my own hand when I tried to find it everywhere.(3)用ever强调When will you ever learn to listen to others?This is the best ever!(4)用助动词do强调动词I do think you are a good person.I did call you last night, but you were not in.（一）强调句句型1、陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。e.g. It was yesterday thathe met Li Ping.2、一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?3、特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？e.g. When and where was it that you were born?4、强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。强调主语：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.5、注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was ，其余的时态用It is 。（二）not until 句型的强调句1、句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分e.g. 普通句：He didnt go to bed until/ till his wife came back.强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。（三）谓语动词的强调1、It is/ was that 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！2、注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。【考点诠释】仔细研究近年高考题，我们不难发现强调句倍受出题者的青睐。在近五年的高考试卷中强调句已经成为高考热点。命题者加大了对句子结构复杂程度和知识面的考查，同时注重考查知识之间的交叉和语法知识的力度。这就要求我们在平时的复习和备考中注意总结，1、强调部分从短语向句子过渡。It is what you do rather than what you say_matters.A. that B. what C. which D. this在例子中强调了主语从句what you do rather than what you say难点还在于每个句子都包含着两个分句，并且由rather than引出答案：A还原为：What you do matters, not what you say matters2、 强调句从肯定句向否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句过渡。强调句的否定句形式为：It is / was not + 被强调部分+ that / who .强调句的一般疑问句形式为：Is / Was it +被强调部分+ that / who .?强调句的特殊疑问句形式为：疑问词 + is / was it + that / who .?（1）. Was it in 1969_the American astronaut succeeded_landing on the moon?A. when; on B. that; onC. when; in D. that; in答案：B（2）. _ that he managed to get the information?Oh, a friend of his helped him.A. Where was it B. What was itC. How was it D. Why was it答案：C3、从考查单一的强调句到把强调句置于从句中，增加判断句子的难度。David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature_he chose the course.A. that B. what C. why D. how例：强调句型却出现在宾语从句中，考生须熟练掌握句子结构才能分辨出强调句型来。4、干扰因素增多，增加了与其它相似句型的辨析，尤其是it开头的句子。考查强调句与非强调句的辨别1. 设置陷阱，使考生将强调句误判为非强调句。如：It might have been John _ bought a present for Mary yesterday.A. that B. when C. what D. which【解析】答案选A，为强调句型，由于句中动词be采用了might have been这一复杂结构，所以许多同学们可能会看不出它是一个强调句型。(from )2. 设置陷阱，使考生将非强调句误判为强调句。如：It was evening we reached the little town of Winchester.A. that B. until C. since D. before【解析】答案选D。有的考生一看到句首的it was，再联系到选项中的that，就以为这是考查强调句。其实错了。此题是考查连词before的用法。因为去掉It wasthat这一结构后，原句不能成为一个完整的句子，所以这不是强调结构。句意是：我们还没有到达Winchester这个小镇，天就夜了。备考要点我们在平时的复习备考中应尽量做到：1.考前应认真研读高考题目，了解高考题目的立意方向和设问风格，做到知彼知己，百战不殆。2.加强语法专项练习，反复训练，确保记忆准确，掌握牢固。3.要真正理解，切莫机械记忆，注意知识间的交叉。注意强调句和其他几种从句的关系，认真对照，找出异同，做到举一反三。4.掌握强调句的基本式及其变式，高考的考查方向一向以实用为主，故可能会在长句中考查。建议大家从题型入手，仔细分析强调句的内部结构，以不变应万变。5. 掌握强调句的基本式及其变式，高考的考查方向一向以实用为主，故可能会在长句中考查。建议大家从题型入手，仔细分析强调句的内部结构，以不变应万变。【试题放送】【2020全国新课程】34. You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you.A. so B. orC. and D. but【答案】B【解析】此处or表示“否则”。句意：你必须躲开，否则卡车过不去。【考点】考查并列连词。【2020山东卷】31. I dont know about you, but Im sick and tired of this weather. _. I cant stand all this rain. A. I dont care B. Its hard to sayC. So am I D. I hope not【答案】C【解析】当表示后者与前者具有相同特征的时候，后者用倒装的形式；肯定用so，否定用nor或neither构成。根据后面一句中的I cant stand all this rain可知，此处与上一句中的Im sick and tired of the weather表达同样的感受，因此应该用So am I，表示“我也是”。句意：-我不了解你。我讨厌这种天气。-我也是。我无法忍受整天下雨。【考点】考查倒装句的用法。【2020重庆卷】33. The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor_ it a thought.A. does he even given B. he even gives C. whether D. he will even given【考点】特殊句式倒装结构【答案】C【解析】空白处前为否定词“nor”位于句首，句子应该使用部分倒装结构，而且根据语境空白处应使用一般将来时，C选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。技巧点拨：考查倒装。否定副词never位于句首，句子应该使用部分倒装结构；根据语境即关键词before，句子应该用现在完成时，故正确答案为C选项。【2020重庆卷】32. It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic_ Zheng sailed to East AfricaA. when B. that C. after D. since【考点】特殊句式强调句型【答案】B【解析】句子虽然比较长，但是其主干为强调句型，是对“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”进行了强调，由此可知，空白处应该填写“that”。因此，正确答案为B选项。技巧点拨：考查强调句型。分析题干，句子是强调句型的一般疑问句，是对地点状语on a lonely island进行强调，故正确答案为B选项。【2020届江西省六校联考】30. You ought to have made an apology to Tom yesterday eveningYes, I know I _ _Aought to have Bhave to Cshould Dmust have【答案】 A【解析】考查省略用法。在含有ought to句子的简略回答中， 表示过去动作的have不能省略。【2020届江西省六校联考】33. _ seems to have been great difficulty in turning out excellent graduates.A. That B. What C. It D. There【答案】D【解析】考查从句的知识。此处是there be句型的变形。【2020届河北省邯郸市高三第一次模拟考试】32. How terrible it is today! . A very bad day for swimming, isnt it?A. So it is B. So is it C. Nor it is D. No