2020年高考英语题型专项训练新人教版

09年高考英语题型专项训练英语语音知识制作人：齐万年一、音标：1、字母：词的书写形式，元音字母 a e i o u. 音标：词的语音形式.2、音素：语音的最小单位。3、音标：标记音素的符号。如：Jones (英国), Kenyon & Knott (美国) 教材采用国际音标：用 / / 或 表示，与字母区别开来。4、国际音标分类：(48个)音标5、元音的分类：I: I e A: E QU: J R: R B:eI BI RI I e J BJ J6、辅音的分类：发音方法是否振动爆破音摩 擦 音鼻 音舌边音破擦音清辅音(不) p t k f s W FhtF ts tr浊辅音(振) b d g v z T V r j w m n N l dV d z d r7、拼读方法: 辅音 元音 即：元音和前面的辅音相拼，其它依次读出二、音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple, student, teacher, understand：1、划分：音节的核心是元音，有多少元音就有多少音节。只有一个音节的单词叫单音节词。有多个音节的词叫多音节词。2、音节分重读音节和非重读音节。重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。每个单词至少有一个(可以两个或多个)重读音节 ，并用 5 标记，单音节词只有一个音节，本身就重读，不用标记 。如： / 5fC:tI /, / 5lesn/, / bCI/3、成音节：(辅音+ m/n/l ) 无元音，但也是一个音节，成音节属于非重读音节。4、有的单词有两个(或多个)重读音节，有一个音节重读，一个音节次重读，分别用 5 和9 来标记。如：/ 5grAnd9mQT/5、开音节：a) 元+辅+ e name, bike, tone b) 辅+元 he, go, hi在开音节中，元音字母发本身音,但come some等例外。6、闭音节：a) 辅+元+辅 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元+辅 it us在闭音节中，元音字母发短音。三：拼读规则：1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母开音节读音例 词闭音节读音例 词aeiname plane Jane baby cakeangle bag dad hat map black backei:he these me Chineseebed let pen desk yes eggi(y)aibike fly drive time nice kite by skyifish big drink sit milk swimouthose close go hoe home nooclock not box shop sockuju:student excuse duty TuesdayQ bus cup jump much lunch在重读开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读u:音June blue ruler super五个元音字母的字母音主要有两种，在开音节中发长音（长元音和双元音），在闭音节中发短音（短元音）。元音字母开音节规则，有些常用词汇例外，如haveh v, hv,，giveiv，liveliv-v/laiv-ad。2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读 音例 词aChina another woman breakfastiorange comrade village cabbageei chicken pocket begin children hundred student open momenti(y)i / holiday beautiful family babyaiexercise satellite occupyosecond tonight somebody welcomeualso zero photouautumn difficultju:popular congratulation January动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读ei音operateu处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读u:音July influence February issue true blue处于词尾的en,el,em,il中的e 和i读或不发音Even seven open level civil problem在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i即可以读作音，也可以读作i音。3、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音元音字母读 音例 词a在w音后面owant what watch wash quality watta在f n sk ph sp ss st th前:after plant graph ask grasp glass fast fatheri在-nd ld和gh前aifind child light higho在-st ld前umost postcard old coldo在m n v th前Qcome monkey love mother4、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读 音例 词ar:car farm dark sharpenerar在w音后面o:warm quarter towardsoro:forty morning shortor在w音后面:word worker worseer ir ur:certainly bird Thursday辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。 e i o QCarry berry mirror sorry hurry-r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常读音dollar teacher martyr comfort Saturday注：双写辅音字母前总是出现单个元音字母，通常按闭音节发音。例如：supper hammer5、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读 音例 词are ecare dare hare variousereihere mereethere whereireaifire hire wireoreo:more score beforeurejupure cure重读音节中元音字母加r，再加非重读元字组时，元音字母和r构成-re音节的变体，按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读r音。Parent zero inspiring story during某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。Orange very American paragraph forest spirit完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读音picture pleasure非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发r音salary6、普通元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读 音例 词ai/ayeiafraid rain train wait day play mayaireair hair chair pair repairalal 在 f m 前o:small ball talk wall allo:l always also salt almost:half calmau/aw /auro:autumn daughter draw dinosaureai:teach easy cheap pleaseeheavy bread sweater weathereibreak greatearihear dear near clear yearebear pear wear swear :earth learn earlyeei:jeep week green threeeeripioneer deer beerei/ey/eigheieight neighbour theyeire/itheir heir weird eu/ew在 j l r 后ju:new few newspaperu:flew brew jewelryie/s音后拼写为eii:piece field receive seizeoaucoat Joan boat goalighailight fight might tight nightsightoar/ooro:roar board door flooroi/oyoinoise point boy toiletolucontrol volt jolt oou:broom food tooth school tooubook look cook foot goodou/owauhouse count about down floweruthough know row throw lowQyoung country enoughu:group you soup throughouluwould should could ouro:course your four auour hour ours :journeyuiui 在j l r s后ju:iannuity continuityu:juice fruit suit注：不常用的元音字组: eo: peony pini （people 一词中的o不发音，e 处于绝对开音节位置。）leopard leop-ard 其中的字母o不发音。7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音元音字组或字群读 音例 词ai/ay ei/eyeiSunday foreign monkey-cia, -tia, -sia, cieFsocial martial Russiaowuyellow sparrow tomorrow元音字组在非重读音节中ei 音或音neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee-sion tionFnimpression nation-sion在元音字母后Vnvision decision occasion-stionstFn question suggestion-stensnlisten christen-stleslwhistle jostle castle-ssureFpressure-sure在元音字母后V pleasure measure-turetFpicture culture元音辅音e结尾的动词中(-ate,-ize/ise,-ute) 开音节规则读音eit, aiz, ju:tRadiate eliminate modernize organize contribute institute元音a辅音e出现在名词或形容词中，a读音i:comrade village accurate8、元字组(元音字母和元音字组)在复合词非重读音节中的读音注：元音字母指的是五个元音字母Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu。元音字母数量虽少，但出现的频率高。 元音字组由两个或三个元音字母在一起发一个元音(ar er ir or ur are ere ire ore ure ai/ay air al au/aw ea ear ee eer ei/ey eu/ew ie oa oar/oor oi/oy oo ou/ow our ui)，少数几个辅音字母（r l w y)也可以和元音字母一起组成元音字组。读 音例 词复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。everydayei handbaghndb blackboardblkbo:d有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在时的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。sun太阳+dayei日子Sunday 星期天holy神圣+dayei日子holiday 假日cup茶杯+board木板o:cupboard 碗柜main主要部分+land陆地mainland 大陆9、辅字组(辅音字母和辅音字组)的读音辅字组读 音例 词bbbike bus bagb在m后/不发音bomb tomb lamb climbckcake picture coat musicc在e, i, y前sface decide cinema cysthhhe hairchtFmuch chick rich teacherchkschool headache chemistrychFmachine Chicago-ckkcock pocket black knockdddoctor bread hand day-dgedVbridge fridgedr-drchildren driver drinkdsdzhandsff five four breakfastgbag gardon gog在e, i, y前dVorange large German-ghfcough enough roughgh-sorghum spaghetti ghostgu- -gueguess league dialogue guitargu- -guewlanguage anguish penguinhhhot head house handh/hour honest honorjdVjeep jar joke join Julykkkind bike skate make weekkn-nknife know knocklllife milk school tallmmmonkey come tomato-mnmautumn column solemnnnnot shine ten note-ng在词尾 morning young wrong longng在词的中间 English finger longer hungryn kk thank pppaper plane pig ship penphfelephant photo telephone-q/-quekIraq chequequ-kwquality quite quarterr在元音字母前rred rubber ruler rares在音节开头或清辅音前ssit sleep desks在元音字母间或浊辅音前zmusic husbands在元音字母和不发音的e之间动词中读z名词/形容词中读sclose use losecase close use precise purposesc-skscarlet scout Scotlandsc-smuscle scienceshFshe fish shirt washt在通常情况下tten letter meet t在弱读字母ia ie io前Fpatient nationtchtFwatch catch matchth在通常情况下thin thirty method three th在冠词/代词/介词/连词/副词中the these with thanth在词尾-the -ther中clothe father weathertr-trtree train country truckts/testsstudentsvvvery voice love leavew在元音字母前wweek win wake sweet waitw/answer two waitwhwwhat when white why-wh-在字母o前hwho whose wholexksbox text exercisex在重读元音前zexample exist exactwr-rwrite wrong wristy-在元音字母前用作辅音jyes yard yellow youngzzpuzzle zero zoo注：在单词中读字母名称音的前半部分的辅音字母：b，p，d，t，v，z，k，j；在单词中读字母名称音的后半部分的辅音字母：m，n，l，f，s，x。注意：拼读单词要注意的几点：1、浊化： / 5stjU:dnt / student, / spel / spell school2、连读： / 5WANk jU: / thank you, / nR t t C:l / not at all, half an hour同音词: peace-piece our-hoursee-sea-c won-one know-no father-farther arent-aunt 3、失去爆破(不完全爆破 )：/ sIt daJn / sit down, good job 4、同化：Would you like it? Cant you see it? 四、 容易混淆的元音 1) e A bed-bad; men-man; lend-land-England 易读混淆词：wake week weak walk workmuch match march MarchKate kite cat cut kitty(小猫)2) i: eI greet-great; read-raid 袭击,搜捕 see-say 3) A Q Sam-some, bat-but, bag-bug臭虫,程序缺陷4) au B: Q count-cant down-done5) au R found-fond喜爱的, 溺爱的6) Q R C: sun/son-song bus-boss nut-not-naught 五、容易混淆的辅音1) v w vet 兽医 wet; vest 背心west; vine 藤, 蔓wine葡萄酒, 酒; very well 2) s W sink think ; sort 种类 thought ; miss myth 神话; mass 大量的 math 3) z T closing clothing ; breeze 微风, breathe 呼吸 ; 4) n N thin thing ; sin sing ; win wing 翅膀; ran rang5) r z room zoom 缩放; 6) n l night light , not lot, no low六、重音和语调1、重音1)单词重音A)双音节词a)一般在第一个音节重读。如：letter, sorryb)有前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。如：about, believe, address, decide, report, respect compare, inform通知, discuss, mistake, prepare, employ雇用, permit, escape, produce, translate c)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词，有两个重音。outside, inside, well-known, unlike, fifteen, Chinese, retell, pre-war, post-war B)多音节词 a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。difficult, family, economy经济, opportunity, b)词尾有 -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。9employee,雇员, 9engineer工程师, 9cigarette香烟, Japanese, /9dVAp5nI:z/ K.K2)句子重音A) 英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或 重-轻-（轻）（轻）重B) 读英语句子时间的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定，而不是汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定。C) 实词重读，虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be.）D) 实词不重读的特殊情况 a)实词第二次出现：He thinks of that as a child thinks. b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰：I met her in the railway station. c) 代替词：Which book do you want? The small one. d) 感叹词中的 what 和how：What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!e) street 在专有名词中： Wangfujing Street.f) this在这些短语中：this morning/afternoon/eveningE)虚词重读的特殊情况 a) 情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时： Do you like it? Yes, I do.Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can. I dont like you. He isnt a worker. b) 情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时：They may come this evening. Can it be five already? c) 介词在句首和句尾：In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.F)其实句子重音与说话人要强调的内容也有关。The boy near me wants to make dumplings. (体会重读不同划线部份的含义）2、语调 1) 升调：一般疑问句。2) 降调：陈述句，特殊疑问句,祈使句，感叹句。3) 选择疑问句以及多项并列时前面升调，最后一项用降调降。【专题训练与高考预测】【1】语音试题：从A.B.C.D.四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项。1.spare A. fearB. earnC. pearD. beard2.navy A neighborB. nationality C .relative D. valley3.unit A. fierceB. nephew C. juice D .sure4.gentle A. organiseB. bargain C .regular D .charge5.journey A. merchantB. courtyard C energyD serious6.rush A.dull B. butcher C. sugar D push 7 foot A.flood B food C wool D.blood8.silence A.weight B.ceiling C.bargain D. height 9.occur A.ocean B.opposite C.official D.offer 10.B limited A.advanced B.decided C.worked D.prefused11.advice A.absence B.account C.pattern D.patience12.Sunday A.stay B.everyday C.holiday D.delay13.classes A.watches B.names C.hopes D.techniques14.Wednesday A.doubt B.husband C.glad D.handkerchief 15.hour A.tour B.pure C.cruel D.flour16.chalk A.talk B.false C.altogether D.salt 17.prove A.stone B.route C.stove D.hook 18.anxious A.branch B.conclusion C.dangerous D.tongue 19.breathe A.health B.deaf C.increase D.pleasure 20.achieve A.research B.chemistry C.technique D.stomach 21.silver A.silent B.pretty C.tiny D.reject 22.motor A.opposite B.ocean C.oppress D.object 23.theory A.diary B.pioneer C.therefore D.really 24.oxygen A.geography B.degree C.recognise D.sugar 25.canal A.important B.liberation C.majority D.national26.medicine A.except B.record C.increase D.physics 27.longer A .London B.prove C.lock D.lonely 28.admire A.quiet B.stare C.spear D.figure 29.Christmas A.speech B.stomach C charge D.church 30.advanced A.task B.fortunate C.entrance D.salute 31.courage A.south B.wound C youth D country32.contain A.captain B mountain C.paint D.Britain 33.refer A. fisherman B. research C.disappear D. recorder 34.library A. language B. material C. operate D. labour 35 exactly A expert B. experiment C. exercise D. example36.special A.shallow B.officer C.choke D.trousers37.mathematics A.recycle B.respect C.message D.package 38.shoulder A.louder B.pronounce C.lonely D.Europe39.increase A.desert B.design C.wise D promise 40.parent A.spear B.wear C.carry D.patient 41.month A government B. common C. along D monument 42.cough A. daughter B enough C. flight D. neighbour 43 ahead A.cheap B.break C.season D.breath 44.natural A.nature B.population C.practice D.native 45.salt A.chalk B calm C.almost D half 46.news A.research B. newspaper Christmas Thursday 47.depend A.envelope B.elect C.recent D.develop 48.solid A.Europe B.robot C.salt D.wander 49.straight A.certainly B.neighbor C.believe D.flight 50.character A.chain B.church C.stomach D.machine 51.parent A.glare B.measure C.failure D.capital 52.Christmas A. exit B heat C. whistle D. cartoon 53.spy A. thirsty B. university C. type D. dirty 54 none A.other B.consider C.propose D.purpose 55 suggest A bury B. supply C guess D. pump 56 houses A. does B. heroes C. boxes D. tomatoes 57 these A chemistry B.silent C necklace D.complete 58 gone A moment B lonely C motor D fond 59 season A reasonable B greatly C bread D weather 60 silver A. exhibit B.tiny C.delight D.island 61.perfect A. persuade B permit C. perhaps D service 62.civil A. Swiss B. different C.pencil D.driver 63 medicine A.directly B. pronunciation C.cooker D.couple64.month A.bath B.smooth C.clothing D bathe 65 flow A how B. allow C. slowly D.town 66 handsome A Wednesday B.debt C.deadly D. forehead 67 course A soul B. resource C.country D.count 68 any A.many B.what C.grade D maybe 69 suggest A.guess B.suppose C supper D.butter 70 salt A.walk B talk C calm D also 【2】写出下列划线部分的音标。1.junk _2.invitation_3.food _ 4.occasion _5.stomach _6.scary_7 fever_ 8 explanation _9 examnine_10.recognise _11energy _12.debt_ 13 fuel_ 14 precious _ 15 diet _16 author_17 protein _18 application _19.dairy _20 charge _21function _ 22 prove_23 digest _ 24 doubt _ 25 stir _26 view _27 theme _ 28 conclusion _29 holy _30 inspire _31 conflict _32 threaten _33 opinion _34 regret _35 honor_36 extreme_37 ancestor _38 pianist _39 purpose _40 surround _41faith _42 surface _43 commercial_44.surprising _45 salute _46 secretary _47 protection _ 48 technique_ 49 method _50 remove _51 chalk _52 accent _53 typical_54 appreciate _55 fortunately_ 56 rude _57 avoid _58 vary _59 occur _60 educate _61 injury _62 achievement _ 63include _64 shoulder _65 nation _66 series_ 67.interview _ 68 scene _69 loyal _70 ruin_ 71 introduction _72 scare _73 majority_ 74 southern_75 material _ 76 south _77 means_ 78 stare _79 measure _80 suggestion _81 motto _82 tongue _83 movie _84