2020高考英语一轮复习 Unit16 The United Statesof America限时提能精练 大纲人教版

限时提能精练三十八Unit 16The United States of America(限时30分钟).词汇知识1(2020;2020安徽合肥一中)It is obvious that this antismoking _is mainly aimed at young teenagers.AcampaignBwarCbattle Dfighting解析：campaign战役，活动；war战争；battle战役；fighting斗争。答案：A2The contract would keep the employees in _， unable to leave the company for at least five years.Aresults BchainsCsupplies Dcheques解析：这项合同把雇员们都束缚住了，他们至少在五年内不能离开那个公司。in chains本意为“戴镣铐”，在这里引申为“束缚”。答案：B3The oilproducing nations have decreased production, and this decision _ has caused oil prices in the world to rise.Ain turn Bin vainCon sale Don board解析：那些石油生产国已经减产了，这个决定反过来又引起世界油价的上升。in turn反过来。in vain徒劳；on sale出售；on board在船上。答案：A4Dont be so _. You have already had two apples!Acurious BplainCsensitive Dgreedy解析：根据You have already had two apples可知，上句应表示“不要这么贪”，故greedy符合题意。答案：D5We dont know what _ weather will be like, but well have to take _ chance to hold the party outside.Athe; / Bthe; theCthe; a D/; a解析：the weather特指某天天气；take a chance to do sth. 冒险做某事。答案：C6Cheer up! I am sure that well succeed _ if we keep at it.Aimmediately BthoughCeventually Dregardless解析：振作起来吧！要是我们坚持的话，我相信我们最终(eventually)能取得成功。答案：C7He is nervous about his test, but he _ for it, so I think hell do fine.Awas preparing Bwill prepareCis preparing Dhas prepared解析：根据so I think hell do fine可知，准备已经做好了，所以用现在完成时态表示结果。句意：他对这次考试感到紧张，但是他已经为此做好了准备，所以我相信他会做得很棒。答案：D8I heard of Mrs. Yang years ago, but it was at my aunts party _ we met and got to know each other.Awhich BwhereCthat Dwhen解析：考查强调句式it was. that，被强调部分为at my aunts party。答案：C9It will not be long before black people in South Africa _ the racist government of the country.Aovercome BengageCexploit Dinterrupt解析：考查动词辨析。overcome战胜。句意：南非人民不久将会战胜这个国家的种族主义政府。engage吸引住；exploit剥夺；interrupt打断。答案：A10Both the pink and the blue dresses are pretty, but I like the _ better.Aearlier BbeginnerCformer Dfirst解析：former指前句中提到的两者中的“前一个”，符合题意。当前句中提到的人或事物为三个或三个以上时，要表示“前者”之意，需用the first，或重复其名；earlier指时间意义上的“较早的”；beginner初学者。答案：C11That rich woman is tired of city life, so she is _ to live in the country.Aafraid BwillingCdiscontent Dtiring解析：考查形容词辨析。从本题前半句看，那个有钱的女人已经厌倦了都市生活，所以她现在很乐意在乡下生活。答案：B12Jack came from a poor family, so his parents had to _ a lot to pay _ his education.Aperform; off Bpossess; backCpursue; / Dsacrifice; for解析：考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：杰克来自一个贫困家庭，因此他的父母亲为了支付他的学费必须牺牲许多。sacrifice. to/for.为固定搭配，意为“为而牺牲”；pay for付款。perform表演，履行职责等；possess拥有，具有；pursue追捕，追求，从事，经营；pay off付清，还清；pay back偿还，报复；pay付给，付款。答案：D13The poor little boy stared at the cakes in the shop window with_eyes.Aanxious BnervousCdesirable Dgreedy解析：greedy贪婪的。答案：D14He decided to_by giving up his job to do business in the south.Atake a chance Btake a lookC. take action Dtake care解析：take a chance冒险。答案：A15I hear some winter clothes are _.Why not go and buy one?Aon sale Bfor saleCsale Din sale解析：on sale出售；for sale 用来买。答案：A.易错纠误(insist用法易错点)16She insisted _ to Miami for her summer vacation though it would cost much money.Aon takingBon being takenCto take Dto be taken解析：insist on doing sth. 坚持做某事，是常用短语，此处因take与前面的主语是被动关系，故用动名词的被动式。答案：B17Sam insisted that he _ the law and _.Adidnt break; mustnt be punishedBdoesnt break; shouldnt punishChadnt broken; be not punishedDhadnt broken; not be punished解析：萨姆坚持说他没有犯法，不应当受到惩罚。“没有犯法”发生在insisted之前，表明的是一种观点，所以不要用虚拟语气；“不要受到惩罚”发生在insisted之后，要用虚拟语气，省略should后not应在be前。答案：D18The boy insisted that he _ the money and he _ at once.Anot steal; be set freeBhadnt stolen; be set freeCdidnt steal; should be set freeDhadnt stolen; set free解析：这个孩子坚持说他没有偷钱，所以应当立刻释放他。答案：B19No matter what you say, I shall _ my opinion.Acarry out Binsist onCkeep up Dstick to解析：不论你说什么，我都要坚持我的意见。carry out完成，实现，执行；insist on多用于坚持主张、看法、意见或要求，后接动名词；keep up保持，维持；stick to表示“坚持原则、决定、诺言、理论或理想”等。答案：D20The man insisted _ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.Afind Bto findCon finding Din finding解析：insist常接从句或介词ondoing，不接不定式或in doing结构。答案：C.阅读理解阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AWhat can a wideeyed, talking robot teach us about trust? A lot, according to Northeastern psychology professor David DeSteno, and his colleagues, who are conducting a research to determine how humans decide to trust strangers.The interdisciplinary (跨学科的) research project, funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), is being conducted together with Cynthia Breazeal, director of the MIT Media Labs Personal Robots Group, Robert Frank, an economist, and David Pizarro, a psychologist, both from Cornell.The researchers are examining whether gestures could affect our trustworthiness judgments. “People tend to mimic(模仿) each others body language，” said DeSteno, “which might help them develop intuitions(直觉)about what other people are feeling.”This project tests their theories by having humans interact with the social robot, Nexi, in an attempt to judge her trustworthiness. Without knowing the participants, Nexi has been programmed to make gestures while speaking with selected participantsgestures that the team thinks could determine whether or not shes considered trustworthy.During the first part of the experiment, Nexi makes small talk with them for 10 minutes, asking and answering questions about topics such as traveling, where theyre from and what they like most about living in Boston.“The goal was to create a normal conversation with accompanying movements to see what the mind would intuitively(直觉地) collect about the trustworthiness of another，” said DeSteno.The participants then play an economic game called “Give Some”， which asks them to determine how much money Nexi might give them at the expense of her individual profit. Meanwhile, they decide how much, if any, theyll give to Nexi. The rules of the game allow for two distinct outcomes: higher individual profit for one and loss for the other, or relatively smaller and equal profits for both partners.“Trust mightnt be determined by only one gesture, but rather a dance that happens between the strangers, which leads them to trust or not trust the other，” said DeSteno, who will continue testing their theories by seeing if Nexi can be taught to predict the trustworthiness of human partners.解题导语：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项关于“信任”的研究。该研究利用一个智能机器人与人的交流来进行，具有跨学科性，涉及经济、心理和科技领域。21How many fields does the research involve?ATwo fields. BThree fields.CFour fields. DFive fields.解析：细节理解题。第一段提到的David DeSteno是心理学教授；第二段提到的Cynthia Breazeal属于机器人实验领域；而Robert Frank是经济学家，David Pizarro是心理学家。所以这个研究总共涉及三个领域。故答案选B。答案：B22According to the text, the researchers focused on _.Athe writing communicationBthe voice communicationCthe gesturebased communicationDthe online communication解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句中的“whether gestures could affect our trustworthiness judgments”可知，本次研究中科学家所关注的是手势语对我们对信任的判断的影响，而不是其他的交流方式。故答案选C。答案：C23According to the text, the first part of the experiment is to _.Acreate a special conversationBintuitively watch the trustworthinessCaccompany the robot closelyDplay an economic game解析：细节理解题。根据文章第五、六段尤其是第六段可知，该试验的第一部分是要在机器人和人之间进行一般的对话，以便直观地看一看彼此之间的信任问题。故答案选B。答案：B24The underlined word “dance” in the last paragraph means _.Athe gestures from each otherBa kind of entertainmentCa simple gestureDone persons gestures解析：词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段，彼此的信任不是由单一手势语所决定的，而是由双方之间的手势语互动而决定的，就像两个人的舞蹈一样。故答案选A。答案：AB(2020;2020北京东城示范)According to the United States government, people are classified as homeless if they have no place to stay and no expectation of finding a place for the next thirty days. Although technically accurate, that is an impersonal assessment of an enormous and very human problem.The homeless population represents all of us Americans. It includes men and women, the elderly, children, and infants. Its members are from all ethnic groups. What they have in common is poverty.Currently in the U. S. , thirtynine million people live in poverty. When money is really tight, paying the rent or buying food often becomes a choice. Government assistance in the form of food stamps does help but, as one homeless man explains, you cant pay the rent with food stamps.With no money for rent, the streets and homeless shelters become the alternative.Although men constitute the largest group within the homeless population, homeless women with children are rapidly joining them. In fact, one quarter of the homeless people in the U. S. are teenagers and young children.People may become homeless for numerous reasons. However, there are certain factors that many of these individuals have in common. They include a lack of adequate education and job skills. A majority of the teenagers and adults have not completed high school.The abuse of alcohol and drugs is also a common factor. One third of the adult homeless population abuses alcohol. While one quarter of the same group uses drugs.Some members of this population suffer mental health problems. Within the past several years many institutions for the mentally ill have been closed and their patients sent “home”. Unfortunately, a number of those people have no home to go to and they are unable to adequately look after themselves.Job loss in todays economy has also become a real factor in the loss of peoples homes. The breakup of families through abandonment and divorce is also contributing factors, particularly when there are children involved. The parent who is left to care for the kids with inadequate income may be forced to depend on the homeless shelters to put a roof over their heads.解题导语：美国政府将无家可归的人的定义失去了人文关怀，虽然导致这些弱势群体出现的原因有很多，但是，毋庸置疑的是他们正备受生活的煎熬，而且这个群体正在逐渐扩大。25The writer thinks that the U. S. governments definition for the homeless reveals_.Aan insincere attitude toward the homelessBan