2020高考英语复习 冠词

2020高考英语复习 冠词一、定冠词的基本用法：定冠词的用法口诀世界独一二次现，序词形容高级前；富人伤员按天算，方位乐器影剧院；群岛河山江湖海，普专复合姓氏前；双知年代击中脸，特指事物及习惯。 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful. 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close the window, please. 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。 用于表示方位的名词之前。如：the east, the right. 用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest. 用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：the sick, the wounded. 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the United States, the United Nation. 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake. 用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：The Smiths 用于乐器的名词前。如：play the piano; play the violin.发明物。如：The compass was invented in China.年代名词前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s. 固定词组中。如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time二、不定冠词的基本用法：不定冠词的用法口诀a, an 不定冠，单数名词现；辅音前用a，an 在元音前。泛指人物类似一，词组有a 是习惯；复数不可数，a, an均不见。 泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table. 指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea. 指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire. 用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。如：We have meals three times a day.（我们一天吃三餐。） 表示同样的。如：They are of an age.（他们是同岁。） 表数量，相当于one,但语意较弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk. 使抽象名词具体化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a hand译帮手） 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word三、不用冠词的情况：不用冠词即零冠词的情况不用冠词有几点，呼语头衔职务前；星期月季节假日，专名球类及三餐；听音下棋各学科，正午睡觉是习惯，名前代词这那限，泛指事物不用冠。 表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。） 不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：We are studying English. 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einsteins theory proved to be correct. 季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。如：She likes spring most.the Spring Festival春节, the Lantern Festival元宵节, the Mid-autumn Festival中秋节the Spring Festival春节, the Lantern Festival元宵节, the Mid-autumn Festival中秋节 呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother? 三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch? 节假日前不用冠词。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day. 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of playing basketball. 在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牵手）; side by side（肩对肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）等。四、不定冠词a(n)的几种特殊用法（1）不定冠词a(n)用于有或没有形容词修饰的抽象名词前。Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.许多人都持相同的看法，在当前国际贸易交往中，英语知识是必备的知识。（2）不定冠词s(n)用于有形容词修饰的一日二餐前。Before I go to work every morning, Ive a light breakfast. 我每天早晨上班前吃点简单的早餐。（3）不定冠词a(n)用于有形容词修饰的季节、日期前。The traffic accident happened on a Sunday towards the end of July. 车祸是7月底的一个星期天发生的。（4）不定冠词a(n)用于序数词前，表示一次，又一。How important it is to learn a second language!再学一门语言是多么重要啊!（5）不定冠词a(n)表示“per”的意思。His income is one thousand Yuan a month.他的月收入是1000元。（6）不定冠词a(n)用于有goodgreat many修饰的名词复数前。Ive visited the Great Wall a good many times.我参观过长城好多次。（7）不定冠词a(n)用于形式为复数，但意义仍为单数的名词前。A thousand miles is a good distance.一千英里是相当远的距离。（8）不定冠词a(n)用于一些原来是动词的名词前。Lets have a walk around the playground after supper. 晚饭后，让我们围着操场散步吧!（9）有一些抽象名词：advice(忠告)，behavior(行为)，fortune(运气)，fun(娱乐)，information(情报)，progress(进步)，damage(损害)，harm(伤害)等，即使被形容词修饰，也不加不定冠词。Karl Marx gave us some advice on how to learn foreign language well.卡尔马克思就怎样学好外语，提出了许多建议。（10）用在某些固定词组中。A few, a little, a lot of, a bit, a couple of, all of a sudden(突然), as a matter of fact(实际上), in a hurry(匆忙的), in a word(简言之), have a good time(玩得愉快), do sb. a favour(帮忙), pay a visit to(访问), as a rule(惯例), as a whole(总之), in a day or two(一两天), in a way(在某种程度上), of a size(大小相同), have a word with sb.(与交谈), make a living(谋生), take a pride in(自豪), take a walk(break, bath, seat)(散步(休息、洗澡、就座), a great deal of(大量), be a pity(遗憾), have a cold(headache, fever)(感冒(头痛、发烧), many a(许多), catch a cold(感冒).五、用冠词与不用冠词的差异在某些习惯用语中，用还是不用冠词，意义不同，有时甚至差别很大，使用时要特别注意。1at table进餐at the table在桌子旁2in hospital住院in the hospital在医院里3by sea乘船（由海路）by the sea在海边4go to sea当水手go to the sea去海边5in future从今以后，将来in the future未来6on earth究竟on the earth在地球上，在世上7go to school (church)上学（做礼拜）go to the school (church)到学校（教堂）去8in front of在（外部的）前面in the front of在（内部的）前面9on horseback骑着马on the horseback在马背上10take place发生take the place of代替11two of us我们当中的两人the two of us我们两人（共计两人）12out of question毫无疑问，一定out of the question不可能13on the whole = in general大体上，一般地as a whole = altogether全部地，整体14A most important meeting一个重要的会议the most important meeting最重要的会议15A third time又一次the third time第三次16at a distance稍远一些in the distance在远处17A number of许多the number of的数目18for a moment一会儿for the moment目前，暂时19be in charge of负责be in the charge of由负责，在掌管之下20by day在白天by the day按日计算21in possession of拥有in the possession of为所有22in sight of能看见in the sight of据的见解23in place of代替in the place of在的地方24be of age成年be of an age同龄25take advice征求意见take the advice听从劝告26He is still in office.他仍在执政He is still in the office.他仍在办公室里练习：1.-John，there is _Mr. Wilson on the phone for you-Im in bathAa；the Bthe；a Ca；不填 D. the；不填2.The most important thing about cotton in history is _part that it played in _Industrial RevolutionA不填；不填 Bthe；不填 Cthe；the Da；the3. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescopeNewton made discover which completely changed _mans understanding of colorAa；不填 Ba；the C不填；the Dthe；a4. Its _world of wonders，_world where anything can happenA. a；the B. a；a Cthe；a D不填；不填5. There was _time _I hated to go to schoo1.A. a；that Ba；when Cthe；that Dthe：when6. When you finish reading the book，you will have better understanding 0fAa；the Bthe；a C不填；the Da：不填7. The Wilsons live in _A-shaped house near the coastIt is _17th century cottageAthe； Ban；the C；the Dan：a8. Tom owns _ larger collection of _books than any other student in ourA. the；不填 Ba；不填 Ca；the D不填：the9. When you come here for your holiday next time，dont go to hotel：I can find you _bed in my flatA. the；a Bthe；不填 Ca；the Da；不填10. If you buy more than ten，they knock 20 pence off _A. a price Bprice Cthe price Dprices11. When he left _college，he got a job as _reporter in a newspaper office.A不填；a B不填；the Ca；the Dthe；the12. _ongoing division between Englishspeaking Canadians and French。Speaking Canadians is _major concern of the countryAThe：不填 BThe；a CAn；the DAn；不填13. For a long time they walked without saying _wordJim was the first to break _silenceAthe：a Ba；the Ca；不填 Dthe；不填14. On _news today，there were _reports of heavy snow in that areaAthe：the Bthe；不填 C不填；不填 D不填；the15. As a rule。domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid_Aby the hour Bby hour Cby all hour Dby hours16. The sign reads “In case of _fire，break the glass and push _red button”A不填：a B不填；the Cthe；the Da；a17. I earn 10 dollars _hour as _supermarket cashier on SaturdaysA. a；an Bthe；a Can；a Dan；the18. Theres _dictionary on _desk by your sideAa；the Ba；a Cthe；a Dthe：the19. -Where is my blue shirt?-Its in the washing machineYou have to wear _different oneAany Bthe Ca D0ther20. An accident happened at _crossroads a few metres away from _bankAa；a B不填；a C不填；the Dthe：不填21. Jumping out of _airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _exciting experienceA不填；the B不填；an Can；all Dthe, the22. One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _good knowledge of basic word formationA Bthe Ca Done24. I dont like talking on _telephone；J prefer writing lettersAa；the Bthe；不填 Cthe；the Da；不填25. The cakes are deliciousHed like to have _third one because _second one is rather too smallAa：a Bthe；the Ca；the Dthe；a26. The warmth of _sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _wool usedAthe；the Bthe；不填 c不填；the D不填；不填27. A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in _legAa Bone Cthe Dhis28. Mr. Smith，theres a man at _front door who says he has _news for you of great importanceAthe；不填 Bthe；the C不填；不填 D不填；the29. Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind unless they kill them for foodAthe；a B不填；a Cthe；the D不填：the30. Summers in _south of France ale for _most part dry and sunnyA不填；a Bthe；不填 C不填；不填 Dthe；the注意看清题目要求：阅读短文，根据所读内容在表中的空格处填上适当的单词或短语，每空不超过3个单词。（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）Countries also use animals as symbols. From eagles to lions, many countries use an animal to show its national spirit and character.The image of an eagle is on the US Presidents flag, and on the one-dollar bill. The bald eagle is a large, powerful, brown bird with a white head and tail.The US declared that the eagle was its national bird in 1782. It was chosen because of its long life, great strength, and noble looks.But, one of the Founding Fathers, Benjamin Franklin didnt agree with the choice. The bald eagle.is a bird of bad moral character; like those among men who live by robbing he argued. Franklin wanted the turkey as the countrys national bird.If Americans chose their national symbol deliberately(人为地), the symbol of England arose out of history.King Henry I (1068-1135) was a brave warrior but also wise. He was the first English King to use a lion as a royal symbol, which is popularly known as the king of the jungle. By the year Richa