2020年高考英语一轮复习 检测题14

检测题14. 阅读理解AEnglish as a Foreign LanguageWho taught you to speak English? Your parents, while you were a young child? Your teachers at school? Perhaps even the BBC as a grown-up. Whoever it was, somehow you have developed an understanding of what is rapidly becoming a truly global language.There are now about 376 million people who speak English as their first language, and about the same number who have learnt it in addition to their mother tongue. There are said to be one billion people learning English now and about 80% of the information on the Internet is in English.Is this a good thing, or a bad thing? Should we celebrate the fact that more and more of us can communicate, using a common language, across countries and cultures? Or should we worry about the dangers of“mono-culturalism”, a world in which we all speak the same language, eat the same food and listen to the same music?Does it matter if an increasing number of people speak the same language? On the contrary, I would have thought-although I have never accepted the argument that if only we all understood each other better, there would be fewer wars. Ask the people of India(where many of them speak at least some English)and Pakistan(the same situation with India). . .If we all speak English, will we then all start eating McDonalds burgers? Surely not. If English becomes more dominant(占主导地位的), will it kill other languages? I doubt it. When I travel in Africa or Asia, I am always surprised by how many people can speak not only their own language but often one or more other related languages, as well as English and perhaps some French or German as well.When we discussed this on Talking Point a couple of years ago, we received a wonderfully poetic email from a listener in Ireland. “The English language is a beautiful language. Maybe its like a rose, ”he said. “But who would ever want their garden just full of rose? ”Well, I love roses, and I think they make a beautiful addition to any garden. But the way I see it, just by planting a few roses, you dont necessarily need to pull out everything else. If more and more people want to plant English roses, thats fine by me.【文章大意】作者以独特的视角分析了英语的发展前景和人们的种种顾虑。越来越多的人会讲英语是好事吗? 战乱会因此而减少吗? 将来人们会只讲一种语言, 吃同样的食物, 听同样的音乐吗? 作者借用一位爱尔兰听众的邮件说: 英语好比玫瑰花, 它很漂亮, 但是我们不能因为它漂亮就把花园全种上玫瑰花, 也不能把其他花草都拔掉。1. How many people learn English as their second language?A. About 80%. B. About 376 million.C. About one million. D. We dont know.【解析】选B。细节理解题。从第二段第一句话可知, 把英语当作第二语言的人的数量是about 376 million。故选B。2. What does“garden”in the last two paragraphs stand for?A. Language. B. Family.C. The world. D. The Earth.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。因为这两段中rose用来指代English, 所以garden自然是指代the world。故选C。3. The author would probably agree that.A. its very hard to plant many kinds of flowers in a gardenB. its good for people from other countries to learn EnglishC. more and more people like to plant roses in their gardensD. English is easier to learn than other languages【解析】选B。作者意图题。根据全文内容, 尤其最后一句If more and more people want to plant English roses, thats fine by me. 可以了解作者的态度倾向。故选B。4. This passage is mainly about.A. why English has become a global languageB. how many people in the world speak EnglishC. how people in the world learn English as a foreign languageD. whether we need to worry about English being a world language【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通过理解全文内容以及作者的观点, 我们可以知道人们大可不必顾虑英语作为世界语言的前景问题。故选D。BFor high school leavers starting out in the working world, it is very important to learn particular skills and practice how to behave in an interview or how to find an internship(实习). In some countries, schools have programs to help students onto the path to work. In the United States, however, such programs are still few and far behind.Research shows that if high schools provide career-related courses, students are likely to get higher earnings in later years. The students are more likely to stay in school, graduate and go on to higher education.In Germany, students as young as 13 and 14 are expected to do internships. German companies work with schools to make sure that young people get the education they need for future employment.But in America, education reform programs focus on how well students do in exams instead of bringing them into contact with the working world. Harvard Education school professor Robert Schwartz has criticized education reformers for trying to place all graduates directly on the four-year college track. Schwartz argued that this approach leaves the countrys most vulnerable(易受影响的)kids with no jobs and no skills.Schwartz believed that the best career programs encourage kids to go for higher education while also teach them valuable practical skills at high school. James Madison High School in New York, for example, encourages students to choose classes on career-based courses. The school then helps them gain on-the-job experience in those fields while theyre still at high school.However, even for teens whose schools encourage them to connect with work, the job market is daunting. In the US, unemployment rates for 16-to-19-year-olds are above 20 percent for the third summer in a row.“The risk is that if teenagers miss out on the summer job experience, they will become part of this generation of teens who had trouble in landing a job, ”said Michael, a researcher in the US.【文章大意】文章通过与德国中学情况的比较, 说明在美国中学里很缺乏有关职业生涯的基本课程。5. In the authors opinion, American high school leavers.A. have enough career-related coursesB. need more career advice from their schoolsC. perform better in exams than German studentsD. can get higher earnings in later years【解析】选B。作者观点题。根据第四段内容可知。6. What can be inferred from the text?A. Unemployment rates for US teenagers remain high at the moment.B. Students with career-based courses never have problems finding a job.C. US companies work with schools to prepare young people for future employment.D. High school leavers with no practical skills cant find a job absolutely.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第六段的In the US, unemployment rates for 16-to-19-year-olds are above 20 percent for the third summer in a row. 推出答案。7. Whats the main idea of the text?A. Arguments about recent US education reform.B. Tips on finding jobs for high school leavers.C. The lack of career-based courses in US high schools.D. Advice for American high school leavers.【解析】选C。主旨大意题。文章第一段的In some countries, schools have programs to help students onto the path to work. In the United States, however, such programs are still few and far behind. 点出了主题。8. The underlined word“daunting”in Paragraph 6 most probably means“”.A. discouragingB. interestingC. creativeD. unbearable【解析】选A。词义猜测题。从下文的In the US, unemployment rates for 16-to-19-year-olds are above 20 percent for the third summer in a row. 可猜出词义。. 阅读第二节根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2020北京模拟)Urbanization(都市化)Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5, 500 years ago. 1. In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural(乡村的)villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in historya society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.Britain was only the beginning. 2. The process of urbanizationthe migration(迁移)of people from the countryside to the citywas the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. 3.Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. 4. Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英)and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. 5. Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed