2020高三英语第一轮总复习 Module5 The Conquest of the Universe金品学案 外研版选修8

Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe核心单词1. accustomedadj. 表示“习惯的；通常的”，be accustomed to 为固定短语，意为“习惯”，表示状态，其中to为介词，后接名词、代词、v.-ing形式作宾语，其近义短语为:be used to。get/become accustomed to 意为“习惯于”，表示动作。Nowadays people are accustomed to looking up new information through the Internet.现在,人们已经习惯通过互联网查寻新信息了。Soon, he became/got accustomed to the hot weather in the south. 很快，他就习惯了南方炎热的天气。Accustomed to taking exercise every day, he had no difficulty climbing the mountain.习惯了每天都锻炼，爬这座山他感到一点都不困难。联想拓展accustom v.使习惯于；使适应accustom oneself/sb. to(doing) sth.使自己/某人习惯于（做）某事It took him a while to accustom himself to Chinese dishes.他过了一段时间才习惯了中国菜。2. swearvi.& vt. 发誓,起誓，宣誓,咒骂swear过去式swore,过去分词sworn常用结构：swear at sb.咒骂某人swear to do sth. 许诺做某事swear to sth.(通常用于否定句)完全确信某事She was shouting and swearing at everyone.她对着每个人又叫又骂。You swore that you would never see her again.你发过誓说你再也不会和她见面。He swore to stay out of politics when he retired.他许诺说自己退休后要退出政坛。3. accusev.控告，指控He accuses Darth Vader of killing his father, so he trains to become a Jedi knight and swears to avenge his loss. 他控告达斯维德杀了他父亲，因此他训练成为绝地骑士并发誓要复仇。The police accused him of murder.警方指控他谋杀。易混辨析accuse / chargeaccuse指当面指控或指责，不一定诉诸法律。charge指因犯较大错误或重大罪行而进行正式法律控诉。注意：二者的用法不同:accuse sb. of sth.; charge sb. with sth.。4. likelyadj. probable; expected 有可能的;很可能的adj. suitable to give results 会有结果的;有出息的adv.（尤用于most, very之后)probably很可能;有可能地Are we likely to arrive in time?我们有可能及时赶到吗？He is the most likely of the people to ask for the job.他是申请这个工作的人当中最有希望的。Theyll be very likely to come by car.他们很可能坐汽车来。易混辨析likely/probable/possiblelikely的主语可以是人、物或it，其句型结构为:主语（人或物）+be+likely+动词不定式She is likely to come here tonight.她今晚可能来这儿。It is+likely+that-clauseIt is likely that I will travel for Shanghai.我有可能到上海旅行。probable的主语一般只能是it,比possible可能性大，其句型结构为:It is probable+that-clause。It is probable that he will quarrel with his parents.他极有可能和父母吵起来。possible表示客观上潜在的可能性，主语只能是it。其句型结构为:It is possible for sb. to do .It is possible+that-clauseIt is possible for her to pass the exam.她有可能通过这次考试。重点短语5. to ones relief令人欣慰的是联想拓展to ones surprise/astonishment令人吃惊的是to ones sorrow/delight/joy 令人悲伤/高兴/快乐的是To my astonishment, the keys were in the door.让我吃惊的是，钥匙就在门上。注意：此类短语常用much或great来修饰，如much to ones surprise/to ones great surprise。relief n. 安慰，欣慰；救济（金)；减轻（痛苦，困难，负担等）relieve v.减轻；救济；使放心It was a relief to us to find the children safe.发现孩子们平安无事，我们感到很欣慰。The country provided relief for refugees.这个国家向难民提供救济。The medicine will give the patient some relief.这种药将会减轻病人的一些痛苦。They could suggest nothing to relieve the crisis.他们想不出任何办法来减轻危机。6. set out to do sth.=set about doing sth.开始做/着手进行某事The baby set out to play with the doll. 这个小孩开始玩这个玩具。常用结构:set out for .=set off for . 动身去某地They set out/off for Rome. 他们动身去罗马。联想拓展与set有关的其他短语：set aside 放在一边;储存set back 倒退;受挫折set off 出发；引爆，引起set up 创立；竖起set on 开始;上涨；插入set in motion 使某事开始；使动起来set foot in/on 登上;涉足set about doing sth.开始做某事set forth 出发；动身；启程set down 放下;写下，记下set fire to sth.=set sth.on fire 放火烧set an example 树立榜样be set in 以为背景Every month he tried to set aside part of his salary.每个月他都设法留出一部分工资。The boy set off fireworks.这个男孩点燃了鞭炮。He set about writing a composition.他着手写作文。7. in spite of介词短语，意为“尽管;不管”，用法和despite相近，后面都接名词、代词或v.-ing形式。We held our sports meeting on time in spite of the hot weather.虽然天气炎热，我们还是按时举办了运动会。In spite of feeling tired, I decided to come to your aid.尽管很累，我还是决定来帮你。易混辨析in spite of, despite/though, althoughin spite of和despite都是介词短语，后面可接n.,pron.和v.-ing形式作宾语，而不能接从句。though和although都是从属连词，可引导让步状语从句。Despite/In spite of the heavy rain, they arrived here in time. 虽然下着大雨，他们还是及时到达这里。They went on working in spite of/despite the fact that they are too weak.虽然他们身体都很虚弱，可他们仍然坚持工作。Though/Although the student is very young, he knows a lot about international trade.虽然这个学生很年轻，可他对国际贸易懂得很多。8. take hold of抓住，握住联想拓展take ones chance 碰运气take ones arm 挽住某人的胳膊take sb. by surprise 冷不防出现;突然接近take sb. by the hand 拉住某人的手take(the) first place 居首位，得第一take office 就职;执政重点句型9. An ordinary teacher,Christa McAuliffe,37,who was married with two children,was to be the first civilian in space.一位37岁的普通教师克里斯塔麦奥里菲将要成为第一位进入太空的普通公民，她已经结婚并有两个孩子。be to 意为“将要”或“注定要”。这个句型有以下含义：表示职责、义务、意图等；表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作；表示可能性或注定要发生的事情。All these things are to be answered for.所有这一切都应得到偿还。（含有“注定”之意）He and I are to meet at the railway station tomorrow.我和他明天要在火车站见面。（约定或者计划）10. .,little did he know what impact he was going to make.他根本不知道他将要造成多大的轰动。该句是由little引导的一个倒装句，little为否定副词，位于句首时，句子应该用倒装语序。与little用法相同的否定词/词组还有：not, never, seldom, rarely, hardly, not until, not only .but also, neither .nor, no sooner .than, hardly(scarcely) .when, by no means, at no time等。Never shall I forget the day.我决不会忘记这一天。Not only does he like English,but also he learns it well.他不仅喜欢英语，而且学得很好。Hardly did he believe that he didnt pass the examination.他几乎不相信他会考试不及格。 词类转化中有一些词可以词形不变但却用作另一词类，只是在重音上发生了变化。较常见的是一些双音节词，作动词时重音在后，作名词时重音在前。而有时词的转化会在词尾的清浊音上发生变化，词类会变化，有的词拼写也会跟着改变。请熟悉下面词的读音和词义，同时注意部分词的拼写变化。advice n. 1 advise v. 2 .excuse n. 3 excuse v. 4 .house n. 5 house v. 6 .belief n. 7 believe v. 8 .relief