浙江省2020届高考英语二轮 第14讲 情景交际（单项填空）学案

第 14 讲 情景交际一、日常交际应答语1. 感谢与应答感谢：Thank you very much. / Thanks a lot. / Many thanks.应答： Thats all right. / Thanks for helping me. / Youre welcome. / Thats OK. / Not at all.Its my pleasure. / Dont mention it. / Its nothing. / Think nothing of it. / Forget it.2. 道歉与应答道歉： Im sorry. / Im sorry to trouble you. / Im sorry to have kept you waiting.应答： It doesnt matter. / Its not important. / Thats/Its nothing. / Not at all. /Never mind.Thats all right. / Forget it. / Thats OK. / No problem. / Not to worry.3. 劝告、建议与应答劝告和建议：I think you ought to我想你应该If I were you, Id如果我是你，我会It might be a good idea if you如果你这倒是个好主意。Have you ever thought of？ 你是否想过要？I recommend that我建议I strongly advise you to我极力主张你You really ought to你的确应该Personally, I think youd better依我看，你最好Why not do？ 为什么不？Why dont you do？ 你为什么不？I suggest that我建议What about doing？ 怎么样？How about doing？ 怎么样？Shall we？ 我们去好吗？Lets， shall we? 让我们去好吗？You need (to)你需要肯定的应答： Good idea. / Thats great. / Sounds great. / It sounds great. / Thats fine. /Why not?否定的应答：Id love to，but / Im afraid / Its an idea，but4. 请求与应答请求： May I？ / Can I? / Could I？ / Do you mind if I肯定的应答： With pleasure. / Certainly(Of course) / Sure，go ahead. / Yes，help yourself.Of course not，go ahead(回答Do you mind if I的请求).否定的应答：Im afraid not. / Better not. / Id rather you didnt.5. 应答对方的要求肯定的：All right. / I will.否定的：No way. / Forget it. Do remember to call me up when you arrive. I will. I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her.No way. It was her fault.6. 邀请与应答邀请： Would you like to？ / Why dont we？肯定的应答： That would be fine. / Thats very kind of you. /All right. /Yes，Id love to.否定的应答：Id love to，but / Sorry，I cant. / Im afraid I cant.7. 祝愿、祝贺与应答祝愿、祝贺： Good luck! / Best wishes to you. /Have a nice/good time/journey. /Congratulations!Happy New Year! / Merry Christmas! / Happy birthday to you.应答： Thank you! / The same to you. / You，too. / Happy New Year！(Merry Christmas！)8. 鼓励、赞扬与应答鼓励、赞扬： Very good. / Well done. /Wonderful. /Excellent. /Keep trying. /You can do it.应答： Thank you. / OK. /Ill try it again.9. 提供帮助与应答主动提供帮助时：Can I help you? /What can I do for you /Would you like me to help you?Do you want me to / Let me需要别人帮助时：Yes，please. / Thank you for your help/ Thanks.不需要别人帮助时：No，thank you./ Thank you all the same. / Thats very kind of you, but二、情感态度的表达1. 表示惊奇：Really? / How come？(何以会？) / What a surprise! /Good heavens!2. 表示同情： Im sorry to hear that. / What a pity! / Thats really unlucky. / Bad luck.3. 表示安慰： Dont worry. / Dont be afraid. / Take your time. / Take it easy.Make yourself at home. / Its quite all right. / Itll be OK.4. 表示鼓励： Come on. / Cheer up. / You can do it. / You will make it.5. 表示同意： I quite agree. / I couldn t agree more. / Exactly. /Certainly. /Absolutely.Thats a good idea. / No problem. / I think so.6. 表示不同意： Not really. / Not Exactly. / I dont quite agree. /I dont think so. / Im afraid not.7. 表示不在乎： So what? / Who cares? 易错易混点解答情景交际题时要做到“四忌”一忌上词下用上词下用指的是答句部分沿用了题干句子的重点词、信息词，按表层意思似乎合情合理，但往往为错误的“虚像”，需经进一步分析后才能确定正确选项。如：用“I dont”应答“Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow”，用“Dont be sorry”回答“Im sorry I broke your mirror”，用“Dont be sorry”回答“Im sorry I broke your mirror”，用“No thanks”回答“Thank you ever so much for the book you sent me.”避免“上词下用”的误区，一是确认题目涉及的交际功能项目，二是确认句子上下文语境，三是确认正确的话语方式。【例题】 I wonder if I could use your telephone. _.A. I wonder how B. I dont wonderC. Sorry, its out of order D. No wonder, here it is.【答案及解析】 C 尽管该题中反复出现“wonder”一词，但通过仔细审题可确定其考查的功能项目为征求对方意见，问句相当于“Could I use your telephone？”综合语境和话题的分析，正确的答话方式一般为“Of course you can”(肯定)或“Sorry，you cant”(否定)，也只有C项(抱歉，它坏了)符合题意，A、B、D项均属典型的“上词下用”现象，而且D项中的“No wonder”意思为“难怪”，更是和题干内容相差甚远。二忌中文思维与上词下用比较，这一误区更具迷惑性，因为无论按题目内容或是按思维方式来考虑，都非常符合中国学生的习惯。显然，掌握英汉两种语言和文化之间的相同和相异之处，对于准确解题至关重要。考生解题失误之一是按汉语的表达方式和结构去套英语，去选答案，这属于语言知识的“负迁移”。【例题】 Do you think its going to rain over the weekend? _.A. I dont believe B. I dont believe itC. I believe not so D. I believe not【答案及解析】 D以Do you think？这样的句子来提问，用D项来回答表示否定，显然不符合中文的表达习惯，这也正是许多考生选了A、B、C项的原因。另一个更常见的失误是套用中国文化模式。违背英语国家的思维方式和文化习俗，这属于文化方面的“负迁移”。三忌直接回绝这主要是指在对方要求得到帮助，提出请求或邀请时，回答过于直接，不够委婉，尽管从语义角度分析是没毛病的，但不符合英语国家的交际习惯。“请求”方面的问话有May I？/Can I？/I wonder if I could/Do you mind if I？等，“邀请”方面的问话有Will you？/Would you like to？/Id like to invite to等。在作否定回答时，为了表示礼貌和委婉，通常要用一些委婉词，如but，Im afraid, Im sorry, thanks, please, had better等。【例题】 I didnt know this was a oneway street, officer. _A. Thats all right. B. I dont believe you.C. How dare you say that?D. Sorry, but thats no excuse.【答案及解析】 D许多考生有可能选B、C项，这是没有注意到西方人生活、工作中交往的必要礼节，答话时过于生硬，没有顾及他人感情，而正确答案D项正是在充分考虑到说话双方的身份，彼此之间的关系以及说话人的立场和态度的基础上做出的选择。四忌答非所问答非所问的错误比较容易察觉，如果问话与答话的内容风马牛不相及的话，考生可以迅速排除。但有时双方会话内容有所关联，仔细推敲才发现其实答语并不切题。最典型的例子是With pleasure和Its a pleasure