湖南省湘潭市2020高考英语完形填空和阅读理解暑假选练（3）

湖南省湘潭市2020高考英语完形填空和阅读理解暑假选练（3）阅读理解。The literal meaning of philosophy is “love of wisdom”. But this meaning does not tell us very much. Unlike the other disciplines（学科）,philosophy cannot be defined by what you study ,because it is actually unlimited. Anything can be the subject matter of philosophy: are, history, law, language, literature, mathematics, and in fact, the other academic disciplines are directly related to philosophy. For this reason you get a Doctorate（博士学位）of Philosophy (Ph. D.) in biochemistry, or computer science, or psychology.Two broad sub-fields of philosophy are logic and the history of philosophy. Logic is the science of argument and critical thinking. It provides sound methods for distinguishing good from bad reasoning .The history of philosophy involves the study of major philosophers and period in the development of philosophy.Of what use is philosophy? First it is useful in educational advancement. It is necessary for understanding other disciplines. Only philosophy questions the nature of the concepts used in a discipline, and its relation to other discoveries. And through the study of philosophy, one develops sound methods of research and analysis that can be applied to any field.There are a number of general uses of philosophy. It strengthens ones ability to solve problems, to communicate, to organize ideas and issues, to persuade, and to take what is the most important form a large quantity of data. These general uses are of great benefit in the career field, not necessarily obtaining ones first job after graduation, but for preparing for position of responsibility, management and leadership later on. It is very shortsighted after all, to take a course of studies only for the purpose of getting ones first job. The useful skills developed through the study of philosophy have significant long-term benefits in career advancement. No other discipline systematically follows the ideals of wisdom, leadership, and capacity to resolve human conflict.1.According to Paragraph 1. Philosophy can best be described as the study of .A.social sciences B.natural sciencesC.both social and natural sciences D.the subject matter of politics2.With the study of philosophy, you can .A.become a great leader B.succeed in everythingC.find a good job soon after graduation D.make progress in your career development3.According to the passage, which of the follwing statements is TRUE?A.Philosophy is an independent discipline.B.Logic helps you to become a better thinker.C.The study of philosophy brings you immediate benefits.D.The meaning of philosophy is too limited to define.4. From the passage, we can concludeA.not all the subjects have to do with philosophyB.a person will get a Ph. D. if he/she studies philosophyC.philosophy can be helpful for the study of any other subjectsD.philosophy is the only solution to all the problems in the world【参考答案】C D B C阅读理解。Recognized as the largest desert in the world, the Sahara runs across North Africa, Covering over 3 million square miles from the Atlantic Coast to the Nile River Valley. Except for an occasional oasis(绿洲), this vast land is mainly made up of sand, stones, and worn out mountains. The burning sun causes daytime temperatures to rise to 70 degrees in the shade, and days without rain commonly last for years.Paintings found on the walls of caves in the Sahara Desert suggest that a few thousand years ago, large quantities of plants grew there and covered the desert floor. Many curious and unusual insects, birds and animals got enough food that allowed them to grow and reproduce. At that time, huge river systems and many oases supported growing communities(社团，社区) where a large number of people lived.Research scientists believe that the land became a desert for several reasons. For centuries people there have wandered from place to place in search of food, water and grazing(吃草)land for their animals. These people have always considered the number of animals they have as a sign of wealth. It is considered more important to have 100 sick and starving animals than 15 healthy ones. The large herds(群)have been allowed to go freely and graze on desert plants and grass. Over time, large sections of land have been left uncovered. In addition to allowing overgrazing, these people cut down whatever trees they could find and used them for firewood. The sand was unable to hold on to the great heat of the day, so nightting temperatures often drop below freezing and nothing was left to hold the soil together.Scientists have been studying different ways to bring back the green desert. Through research and experiments, they hope to be able to produce plants that will once again support the life there. Huge holes filled with much water lie under the desert surface. Scientists believe this rainwater simply flew down through the sand over hundreds of years and collected in the big, rocky holding tanks. By making use of the suns power, scientists in the Sahara have made experiments in which they got huge amount of electricity. This electricity was then used to operate drilling machines and pumps to pull the rainwater from the underground tanks. By drilling the hole one mile deep into the floor of the desert, one machine was able to recover more than 80 gallons of icecold water each second, or 288,000 gallons per hour.Scientists have had some success turning this wasteland into useful farmland. Today the desert is dotted with huge wheat fields watered by a system of pipes that carry water from the underground tanks. Farmers have also learnt that plants grow better if seeds are planted next to stones. Studies show that stones provide protection from the sun, allowing seeds to grow in a shady and cool environment. In addition to that, greenhouses have been built to protect plants from the sunshine so that less water is needed. Another idea is to grow plants that can live on a diet of salt water, since the ocean is so near to the desert.1. What will probably happen if the local people continue their customs and traditions?A. The desert will continue to be enlarged.B. Tourists will begin traveling to North Africa.C. More oases will begin to appear across the desert.D. The number of healthy animals will become larger.答案解析：答案为A。本题为推理题。结合前三段可知，撒哈拉沙漠原本是绿洲，后由于人类过度放牧（overgrazing）、滥砍乱伐（these people cut down whatever trees they could find ）导致了沙漠的形成和扩大，因此可以推断，如果当地人继续沿袭他们的老传统，会导致沙漠继续扩大。故答案为A。2. Which of the flowing statements is a fact presented in the passage?A. The desert is rich in beautiful color and scenery.B. Camels can go for days without drinking any water.C. The Sahara will one day become a beautiful garden.D. Large river systems once supported many communities.答案解析：答案为D。本题为推理题。考生需看清题意，要求选择与原文符合的事实。由第二段最后一句话 “At that time, huge river systems and many oases supported growing communities where a large number of people lived.”可知，答案为D。由第一段 “Except for an occasional oasis, this vast land is mainly made up of sand, stones, and worn out mountains.”可知，A选项错误；B选项未提及；C选项也不是事实。故答案为D。3. The author of the passage provides evidences (证据)that scientists are .A. pleased by the progress but do not have the money to continueB. discouraged by the poor results of their experimentsC. hopeful about the chances of life coming back to the desertD. troubled by the lack of water found underground答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。由最后两段可知，科学家一直在研究让沙漠变绿洲的办法，并且已经付诸实践，取得了一定的成效，故可推断，科学家满怀希望想使撒哈拉沙漠恢复生机。故答案为C。4. Which of the following is the best summary of this passage?A. Drilling machines help to water the desert floor and make plants and animals alive.BScientists have been able to turn this large wasteland into a successful farming community.C. So much soil has become sand that the desert will never be able to support life as it once did.D. The desert no longer supports plenty of life, but researchers hope to change it with new scientific techniques.答案解析：答案为D。本题为主旨大意题。本文揭示了撒哈拉沙漠形成的原因，重点是介绍科学家依靠科学技术试图让这片沙漠变成绿洲的方法。故答案为D。完形填空。LeBron James isnt the first high school basketball player to go straight into the NBA，but hes probably the best. He bas the body，skills and the basketball brain of an AllStar.This _1_ was _2_ as he scored 41 points to take Cleveland Cavaliers (克里夫兰骑士队) to a 107104 win over the New Jersey Nets (新泽西网队) on March 28. Aged 19 years and 87 days, James became the _3_ player to score 40 or more in the NBA.“It was by far James best _4_，” said Cleveland coach Paul Silas.Known to his friends _5_ “the king”，this was the day James earned his crown. But he was _6_ from being a king during his childhood spent in the back streets of Akron，Ohio. _7_ many other AfricanAmerican basketball players，James early years were a _8_. His mother Gloria was just 16 when she gave birth to him；he knows nothing about his father. Mother and son battled for everything from food to a place to live in. _9_ the help from his grandmother and neighbors，James would _10_ have died when he was young.This spirit of survival has served him well on court, forcing him to take any _11_ he finds. “I _12_ losing. I dont like losing，” said James after his 41point display. “I _13_ the opportunity for us to win and I was _14_ to capture it.” At 2.03 meters，he is shorter than Yao Ming but this didnt _15_ him being first choice in 2020 NBA draft. This was _16_ to his strength and skill，much of which he learned from high school American football.Although he has a _17_ brain，James has never had to concentrate on _18_. Some people think this is a mistake and say he should have gone to college to _19_ his mind. But James is one of the lucky few who have found fame and fortune _20_ a diploma. On the court, he is king.1. AtalentBperformanceCactivityDman答案：AThis说明了本空格应为能代替上文所提到的全明星球员在身体、技术和智力方面的综合素质的词。talent意为“天才，天赋”。performance“表演，表现”；activity“活动”。2A.soldBshownCsuggestedDtold答案：B3月28日当勒布朗带领克里夫兰骑士队以107104击败新泽西网队时这种能力显示了出来，在这场比赛中他一人独得41分。3A.oldestBstrongestCtallestDyoungest答案：D由上文提到的19岁87天推断该空强调詹姆斯年纪轻。old“年老的”；strong“强壮的”；tall“高的”；young“年轻的”。4A.actionBlessonCperformanceDappearance答案：C一场比赛个人得分过40分或更多是一种优秀的“表现”。5A.forBasCbyDwith答案：B(be) known as“被称做，被认为是”。(be) known for“因而出名”。朋友们称詹姆斯为“国王”。6A.notBawayCdeepDfar答案：D由下文介绍的童年时期的不幸生活来推断，那时还不是一个球王。far from“远远不”。其他选项均不符合语境。7A.UnlikeBAsCLikeDAlike答案：C“像许多其他的非裔美国球员一样”，like表示“像一样”。unlike“不像”；as“作为”；alike“同样”。8A.fightBstruggleCb