高三英语冠词数词介词外研社知识精讲

高三英语冠词 数词 介词外研社【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：冠词 数词 介词二. 基础知识冠词具体过程冠词一、概念冠词是一个虚词，它置于名词之前，限定名词的意义。冠词可分为定冠词，不定冠词和零冠词三类。二、相关知识点精讲1. a用于辅音发音开头的词前, 如：a book; an用于元音发音开头的词前如：an apple, an hour.请区别：a useful machine, an umbrella, a“u”, an“h”。2. 指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the。3. 在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如：the sun, the moon, the earth。4. the用于序数词，表方位的名词和形容词最高级前。the first, the best , in the south。5. 在复数姓氏前加the，表示一家人，常看成复数。如：the Browns。6. 在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：in the box , behind the chair。7. 不能用定冠词the的几个方面：(1) 在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：in summer, in August请区别：in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指，故加the)(2) 一日三餐和球类运动名词前不用冠词。如：have breakfast , play football(3) 一些固定词组中，如：go to bed , go to school, by bus , at night.8. 在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：in front of 在前面,in the front of 在范围内的前部in hospital (生病) 住院,in the hospital 在医院里。三、巩固练习1. When Linda was a child, her mother always let her have _ bed.A the breakfast in B. the breakfast in theC breakfast in D. breakfast in the2. He has promised to give up _ hundreds of times.A. tobaccoes B. tobacco C. the tobacco D. tobaccos3. _ usually go to church every Sunday.A. The Brown B. A BrownC. Browns D. The Browns4. The train is running fifty miles _.A. an hour B. one hour C. the hourD. a hour5. He can play almost every kind of music instrument but he is good _.A. at the flute B. at fluteC. at a flute D. at that flute6. The investigators found that more should be done for _ in India.A. those poor B. a poor C. poor D. the poor7. You look in high spirit. You must have _ during your holiday.A. wonderful timeB. a wonderful timeC. the wonderful timeD. some wonderful time8. The city assigned a policeman to the school crossing because _ traffic there was so heavy.A .a B. an C. the D. one9. A new teacher was sent to the village in place of _ one who had retired.A. a B. the C. an D. its10. Virtue and vice are before you; _ leads you to happiness, _ to misery.A. the formerlatter B. a formera latterC. the formerthe latter D. formerlatter参考答案：CBDAADBCBC数词一、概念:数词分两类：基数词和序数词。表示数目的词叫基数词，表示顺序的词叫序数词.二、相关知识点精讲1. 基数词1) 基数词一般可写成如345或three hundred and forty-five.2) 基数词一般是单数形式, 但遇下列情况, 常用复数:a. 与of 短语连用，表示概数，不能与具体数目连用, 如scores of people 指许多人;b. 在一些表示“一排”或“一组”的词组里.例如:They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两的到了.c. 表示“几十岁”.d. 表示“年代”, 用 in +the +数词复数.e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里, 如Three fives is (are) fifteen.2. 序数词序数词的缩写形式如first-1st second-2nd thirty-first-31st等.3. 数词的用法1) 倍数表示法a. 主语+谓语+倍数 (或分数) + as + adj. + as.例如I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。b. 主语+谓语+倍数 (分数) + the size (amount, length) of例如:The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。c. 主语+谓语+倍数 (分数) + 形容词 (副词) 比较级+ than.例如:The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。d. 还可以用by+倍数, 表示增加多少倍.例如:The production of grain has been increased by four times this year. 今年粮食产量增加了4倍。2) 分数表示法的构成:基数词代表分子, 序数词代表分母.分子大于1时, 分子的序数词用单数, 分母序数词用复数.例如:1/3 one-third; 3/37 three and three-sevenths.三、巩固练习1._ martyrs have heroically laid down their lives for the people.A. Thousand upon thousand ofB. Thousand and thousands ofC. Thousands upon thousands ofD. Thousand and thousand of2. They received _ of letters about their TV programs.A. dozenB. dozen and dozenC. scoreD. dozens3. Who is that man, _ in the front rowA. oneB. the oneC. firstD. the first4. We have produced _ this year as we did in 1993.A. as much cotton twiceB. as twice much cottonC. much as twice cottonD. twice as much cotton5. The earth is about _ as the moon.A. as fifty time bigB. fifty times as bigC. as big fifty timeD. fifty as times big6. The population of many Alaskan cities has _ in the past three years.A. more than doubledB. more doubled thanC. much than doubledD. much doubled than7. The moon is about _ in diameter as diameter as the earth.A. one-three as largeB. one three as largeC. one-third as largeD. one third as large8. Five hundred yuan a month _ enough to live on.A. isB. areC. is beingD. has been9. _ of the buildings were ruined.A. Three fourthB. Three fourC. Three-fourthsD. Three-four10. Consult _ for questions about earthquakes.A. the six indexB. index sixC. sixth indexD. index numbering six参考答案：CDDDBACACB介词一、概念:介词表示它后面的名词或相当于名词的其他结构与句中其他成分的关系.二、相关知识点精讲1. 表示地点位置的介词1) at , in, on, toat (1) 表示在小地方;(2) 表示“在附近，旁边”in (1) 表示在大地方;(2) 表示“在范围之内”。on 表示毗邻，接壤to 表示在范围外，不强调是否接壤He arrived at the station at ten.He is sitting at the desk.He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.Jiangsu lies in the east of China.Russia lies on the north of China.Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.2) above, over, on 在上above 指在上方, 不强调是否垂直，与 below相对；over指垂直的上方, 与under相对, 但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。on表示在某物体上面并与之接触。The bird is flying above my head.There is a bridge over the river.He put his watch on the desk.3) below, under 在下面under表示在正下方below表示在下，不一定在正下方There is a cat under the table.Please write your name below the line.2. 表示时间的介词1) in , on，at 在时in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, in ones life , in ones thirties等。on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Years Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of , at the age of, at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment等。注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day.2) in, after 在之后“in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后；“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后；“after+将来点时间”表示将来的某一时刻以后。My mother will come back in three or four days.He arrived after five months.She will appear after five oclock this afternoon.3) from, since 自从from仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久；since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。He studied the piano from the age of three.They have lived here since 1978.4) after, behind 在之后after主要用于表示时间；behind主要用于表示位置。We shall leave after lunch.Lucy is hiding behind an old house.3. 表运动方向的介词：across, through 通过，穿过across表示横过, 即从物体表面通过，与on有关；through穿过, 即从物体内部穿过，与in有关。She swam across the river.He walked through the forest.4. 表示“在之间”的介词：between, amongbetween指在两个人或两个事物之间；among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。There is a football match between Class One and Class Two on the pl-ayground.The teacher is standing among the students.5. 表示其他意义的介词1) on , about 关于on 表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读；about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。There will be a lecture on economics this afternoon.He is writing a book on cooking.He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation.2) by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具by 以方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；with 表示用工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段；in 表示用方式，用语言 (语调、笔墨、颜色) 等；He makes a living by selling newspapers.He broke the window with a stone.The foreigner spoke to us in English.3) except, besides 除了except 除之外，不包括在内；besides 除之外，包括在内。Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film. (王先生没去)Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film. (王先生也去了)三、巩固练习1. Taiwan is _ the southeast of China.（in, on, to）2. Go _ the bridge _ the river, youll find the shop.（across, through; over, above）3. I go to school _7:30 every morning.（in, on, at）4. He would like to meet her _8:00 and 9:00 tomorrow morning.（between, among ）5. The Greens have lived in China _ three years.（in, for, after）6. We go to school every day _ Saturday and Sunday.（except, besides）7. He wrote the letter _ ink.（by, with, in）8. She returned to her country _five years.（in, after, for）9. There is a big tree _ our classroom.（after, behind）10. I usually go to work _ bike.（by, on, with）参考答案：1. in2. across, over3. at, 4. between5. for6. except7. in8. after9. behind10. by【模拟试题】单项填空1. We are too busy to take _ holiday at _ present. But I think well be able to take _ two weeks from now.A. a; /; one B. the; /; thatC. a; the; it D a; /; it2. The old man came _ to the railway station, only _ the train was slowly pulling out of the station.A. and ran; found B. running; findingC. running; to find D. to run; finding3. The tables and pictures help make _ clear _I wasnt sure of before.A. it; for me to understand what B. it; everythingC. everything; to understand what D. /; what4. I know nothing about the match _ I read in the newspaper.A. besides B. expectC. except that D. except what5. Would you like me to get you an English dictionary while Im there? _. Thank you, anyway.A. But I have already got one B. What a nice dictionaryC. But I have already got it D. Yes, please6. I think this shirt fits you. You can try it on if you _.A. are likeB. like toC. like D. have liked7. Do you still remember when we went to Nanjing? I cant remember now but _sometime last summer?A. might it be B. could it beC. could it have been D. should it have been8. If Bush _his sister to attend the party, she will certainly be glad. She hasnt met Bush for years.A. allows B. promises C. demands D. suggests9. Im not the man _the phone. She asked for Henry. Im sorry I was mistaken.A. called on B. calling over C. wanted on D. rung up on10. The step you have taken is _ much risk（冒险）.A. one ofB. the one of C. the one D. that one11. Weve always known him _ a warm but calm character.A. for B. against C. on D. as12. Now that he has missed his _, hell have to wait for the next round.A. chance B. turn C. duty D. class13. Were you worried about him last night? Yes. It was _.A. until he returned that I went to bedB. until he returned that l slept wellC. not until he returned that I went to bedD. not until did he return that I went to sleep14. These are all _houses for the homeless.A. newly - building B. newly-builderC. new - building D. newly - built15. Doesnt this bus go to the park? _.A. Yes, we do B. No, this is as far as we goC. Youre welcomeD. Im very sorry完形填空When I come across a good article in reading newspapers, I often want to cut and keep it. But just as I am about to do so I find the article on the 16 side is as much interesting. It may be a discussion of the way to 17 in good health, or 18 about how to behave and conduct oneself in society. If I cut front article, the opposite one is likely to 19 damage, leaving out half of it or keeping the text 20 the title. Therefore, the scissors（剪刀）would 21 before they start, 22 halfway done when I find out the 23 result.Sometimes two things are to be done at the same time, both worth your 24 . You can only take up one of them, the other has to wait or be 25 up. But you know the future is unpredictable（不可预料）the changed situation may not allow you to do what is left 26 . Thus you are 27 in a difficult position and feel sad. How 28 that nice chances and brilliant ideas should gather around all at once? It may happen that your life 29 greatly on your preference of one choice to the other.In fact that is what 30 is like: we are often 31 with the two opposite sides of a thing which are both desirable like a newspaper cutting. It often occurs that our attention is drawn to one thing only 32 we get into another. The 33 may be more important than the latter and give rise to a divided mind. I 34 remember a philosophers remarks: “ When one door shuts, another opens in life. ”So a casual（不经意） 35 may not be a bad one.16. A. frontB. same C. either D. opposite17. A. get B. keep C. lead . bring18. A. advice B. news C. a theory D. a report19. A. suffer B. reduce C. prevent D. cause20. A. on B. for C. without D. off21. A. use B. handle C. prepare D. stay22. A. or B. but C. so D. for23. A. satisfying B. regretful C. surprising D. impossible24. A. courage B. strength C. attention D. patience25. A. given B. held C. made D. picked26. A. near B. alone C. about D. behind27. A. filled B. attracted C. caught D. struck28. A. dares B. comes C. deals D. does29. A. improves B. changes C. progresses D. goes30. A. study B. society C. nature D. life31. A. faced B. supplied C. connected D. fixed32. A. before B. after C. until D. as33. A. following B. next C. above D. former34. A. still B. also C. once D. almost35. A. treatment B. action C. choice D. remark阅读理解AFor almost forty years the Empire State Building in New York City was the worlds tallest skyscraper（摩天大楼）. The building reaches a high of 1, 250 feet. It has 102 floors. The use of steel frames made its height possible. Steel walls can rise high without needing to be thick. Steel frame construction is strong. All plates are fixed firmly together by metal bolts（螺栓）called rivets （铆钉）. When set in place, rivets are usually red- hot. One end is already rounded. A riveter uses a special hammer to shape the other end. Then the rivet cools. It holds the plates firmly. High winds can move this strong building. A wind of a hundred miles an hour has caused it to move almost one and a half inches.36. The writer says that the Empire State Building _.A. hasnt been finishedB. is in New York CityC. is the tallest skyscraper in the world nowD. had fewer floors than the New World Trade Center37. In steel -frame building, the bottom walls_ .A. must be very thickB. must be roundedC. are usually red - hotD. do not need to be thick38. Rivets are described as being _.A. picked up by tools when red -hotB. hit by tools when red - hotC. usually caught in a holeD. usually put in place when red - hot39. The word“ plates” in this article might mean _ in Chinese.A. 盘子B. 钢板 C. 横木板 D. 铜牌BTernang, Mon, more than 10, 000 people were made homeless in Ternang after six days of continuous heavy rain. The wooden bridge across the river has been swept away, . The town is cut by flood waters. At the fifth mile Jalan Tengku, the water is not two metres deep. It is closed to all traffic. Motorists going south are advised to use Jalan Hisamuddin. Flooding first appeared at mid - afternoon yesterday along the river banks. People moving to higher ground were just in time to escape from the flood. Most of the people had to leave their possessions behind. Helped by the army, police, Red Cross Society, the whole town was moved out of danger. They are new houses near the town of Tulang. “Everything possible is being done to help the unfortunate people, ” a government official said, “ In fact, money, food and clothing have begun to come in from organizations and people. ”According to the latest reports it is still raining heavily at Ternang. The whole town is expected to be totally covered. So far nobody has been reported