高三英语词法精练 情态动词和虚拟语气（一）

1. 情态动词和虚拟语气2. Tom, you _ leave all your clothes on the floor like this!A. wouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not3. It is a good example of a site that many people think _ to change.A. need B. to need C. needs D. needing4. I _ you would come today. You _ me a phone call in advance.A. dont expect; should have givenB. didnt expect; could have givenC. hadnt expected; ought to giveD. didnt expect; can have given5. Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes, of course you _.A. could B. willC. can D. might6. If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _ now.A. wouldnt be smiling B. couldnt have smiled C. wont smile D. didnt smile7. Why _ you always interrupt me?A. must B. may C. can D. will8. He _ without saying good-bye to them, for he always has good manners.A. mustnt have left B. may not leave C. shouldnt have left D. cant have left9. Dont forget to take the message to my teacher._.A. Yes, I will B. No, I wont C. I dont think so D. Sorry, I dont10. The poor boy _ the test again; in that case, his mother will be very disappointed.A. must have failed B. might fail C. could have failed D. should fail11. Write to me when you get home. _.A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can12. Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried chicken just now.A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat13. I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere.A. must drop B. must have droppedC. must be dropping D. must have been dropped14. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _ be very slow.A. should B. must C. will D. can15. This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it.A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put16. If you listen to me, you _have some candies, Tommy.A. are able to B. shall C. must D. need17. In the summer vacation we_ often take a walk along the river.A might B could C would D should18. -What will you do during winter vacation?-I dont know, but its about time _ something.A Im deciding B Ill decide C Id decided D I decided19. Ive tried several times, but the car just _.A. doesnt start B. wouldnt start C. wont start D. didnt start20. Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A. might B. should C. can D. will21. We need a person badly to think up such an idea._ the new comer have a try?A. Shall B. May C. Should D. Need22. Is there any flight to Tokyo today? I think there _, for the weather is too bad.A. mustnt be B. mightnt be C. neednt be D. cant be23. Is there a fog in the evening?There _ be. Ill make a phone call to find it out.A. must B. would C. will D. might24. I hear you have written a novel.Yes, the book _ be out in a month or so.A. can B. dare C. should D. need25. Why didnt you attend the lecture yesterday?I didnt think that we _ on Sundays.A. should B. ought to have C. shouldnt have D. will have to26. He _ Shanghai, for I saw him talking with the headmaster a moment ago.A. must have gone toB. cant have gone toC. mustnt have been toD. cant have been to27. She is too slow. She _ pass the test, but she _ too little.A. would; knew B. will; knows C. would; knows D. will; knew28. -What do you think of it?-I think it is a thing of importance that it _ done soon.A. is B. is to be C. be D. to be29. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?A. can B. should C. may D. must30. You _ pay your library fines. If not, you _ not be allowed to graduate.A. may; should B. should; need C. must; will D. will; can31. The pilot kept calm in the terrible storm, otherwise the accident _.A. couldnt be preventedB. mustnt have preventedC. wouldnt have been preventedD. shouldnt prevent32. My aunt _ here by now, for she took the early bus.A. must arrive B. can arrive C. may arrive D. ought to have arrived33. You _ phone him if you want to, but you _! He will surely phone you.A. may; mustnt B. have to; neednt C. can; neednt D. can; doesnt need34. Is John coming by train? He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.A. must B. can C. need D. may35. I _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt36. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead.A must have studied B might studyC should have studied D would study37. Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination.A be; should have B was; have C should be; had D was; has38. Havent I told you that you _ have the answer tomorrow morning?A. will B. shall C. should D. would39. I went to work on foot yesterday, though it _ cats and dogs.You _ by bus. It was likely to get a cold.A. is raining; must have goneB. rained; would goC. was mining; should have goneD. have rained; could have gone40. Mum, I climbed to get the Teddy Bear from the top of the shelf.My goodness! You _ yourself. You _ do that next time.A. must have hurt; mustntB. should have hurt; cantC. may have hurt; mustntD. might have hurt; wont be able to41. Look, Johns fallen asleep. Oh, he _ too late last night.A. might sit up B. should have sat up C. could sit up D. must have sat up42. Why hasnt the speaker turned up?He _ the flight. Ill find it out at once.A. must have missedB. might have missedC. would have missedD. could have missed43. The biggest problem for most plants, which _ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.A. shant B. cant C. neednt D. mustnt44. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where I have put it?A. canB. mustC. shouldD. would45. Why am I so slow at doing the cloze test?I guess you didnt realize the use _ the contexts.A. you should have made ofB. you must have made fromC. of which you could have fromD. out of which you need make46. May I speak to the patient now?No, you _. He is too weak now.A. neednt B. may notC. mustnt D. oughtnt47. You know that you were driving at 100 kilometers per hour, dont you?No, officer, I _ have been. This car cant do more than 80.A. mustnt B. shouldntC. may not D. couldnt48. I didnt see her yesterday.Of course, you _, because she had gone to a trip.A. cant B. may not have C. cant have D. mustnt have49. The boy stood there without _ a word.A. dare to say B. daring to say C. dared to say D. dare say50. His homework_, but it _.A. needs correcting; neednt rewritingB. need be corrected; doesnt need to be rewritingC. needs correcting; neednt be rewrittenD. needs to be corrected; neednt to be rewritten51. - Why is Jenny still standing there? Its so cold.She _ for someone.A. can wait B. might have waited C. must be waiting D. should have waited52. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal.A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored53. Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter _ go and do the opposite!A. may B. can C. must D. should54. If I _ plan to do anything I wanted to. Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to55. -Is there any flight to New York today?-I think there _ be, for the weather is too bad.A mustnt B may not C shouldnt D cant参考答案与解析1. C本句是一个主从复合句，主句含有情态动词can，动作go还未发生，属于将来时；因此，when引导的时间状语从句要用现在时；当go动作发生时，finish动作已经完成了，故选 C。当然，空格出还可以用finish。如：She will go to bed when she has done/ finishes her homework.You can go to play football if you have finished your work.2. C此题考查need的用法，还要理清句子结构。that前是个主句，that引导的是个定语从句，其先行词是a site，定语从句中谓语动词应该用单数needs，many people think是插入语，空格处是谓语部分。插入语经常被出题人放在题目中，使句子复杂化，增加句子的难度，做题时可以把插入语去掉，便于理解句子结构。need既可用作情态动词也可用作行为动词，主要用法如下：作情态动词时表示“需要；必须”，后面当然跟动词原形，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，否定式是neednt，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should代替，如：You neednt buy the book.Need I finish the work today? Yes, you must. 作行为动词时，有时态、人称和数的变化，后面跟to do，否定形式要用dont/doesnt/didnt need，如：He needs to finish it this evening. need用作行为动词时，后面还可以跟动名词或名词，此时含义跟need后面用不定式的含义不一样。“need +动名词”含有被动意义，类似这样的用法还有有want, require，如：Our classroom needs cleaning. = Our classroom needs to be cleaned.既可用作情态动词也可用作行为动词的还有dare。3. B考查情态动词时态。 题干意思是“我没料到你今天会来。你该事先打电话来”，表示“本没料到”用过去时，后面用情态动词+完成时表示对过去的虚拟，本来可以做某事而实际上没有做。情态动词+进行时表示目前正在进行的动作或状态。4. C本题中的could也表示请求（而非表示过去时），语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句，答语应该用can（即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中），如：Could I come to see you tomorrow morning?Yes, you can. （否定答语用No, Im afraid not.）5. A前半句是虚拟语气，“要不是我站在梯子下面接住你，你现在不会站在这里笑了”，表示的是现在的情况，用进行时。6. A情态动词must可以表示“偏偏”的意思，是一种无可奈何的语气，句子意思是“你为何偏要打断我呢？”7. D解本题一定要注意审题，要把题目看完整，才不会想当然选C，根据后文的for he always has good manners可以断定“他不可能不打招呼就离开”，用cant have left.8. B根据一般逻辑，答语应该是“不，我不会的”，wont表示主观的意愿、意志。9. B从后文的将来时可以断定考试的结果还不确定，只是在进行推测，故排除A、C，D的语气不对，只有might表示语气不确定的“可能”，符合题意。10. C答应某人的要求，要用I will 来表示“一定”或“我决心做某事”。11. Cjust now是表示过去的时间状语。情态动词在表示过去发生的事时，必须用“情态动词+have+过去分词”的形式。所以只能在选项B或C中确定 答案。Mustnt have eaten是一个错误选项，因为”mustnt+动词表示“禁止”，不表示判断或推测。这句话的意思是：. 噢，我觉得胃不舒服。我刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡。12. B由题干而知不用被动，排除选项D；题干说“已经丢了”，排除选项C；选项A“情态动词+动词原形”，表示对现在或将来的事情推测；选项B“情态动词+动词的完成时”表示的是对过去或已经发生的事情的推测判断，所以选B。17. B本题考查情态动词。mustnt这里表示“不允许，禁止”，此句中相当于cant . shant . 句意：汤姆，你不可以（表禁止）把衣服这样丢在地板上。13. Cmay也许，口气不肯定，另外后句的she isnt quite sure yet.已给出暗示。shall用在陈述句中与第二. 三人称连用表示允诺，命令等。must:必须can:能够，也可表“推测”但常用于否定句。14. D情态动词十have done，可表示过去没有实现的可能性，意为本来可以(可能)。 我本来应该请他吗？是由should+have done构成的虚拟条件。15. C情态动词十have done，可表示猜测,这种句子结构的反意疑问句应该与情态动词无关，而与后面的完成结构一致，如果有过去的时间状语，则用一般过去时反意疑问。如：You must have lived there last year, didnt you?16. C如选A ,只表示与现在事实相反，而主句中would have run 表示与过去事实相反，应该用If I had had time,表示。如果从句中含有系动词、情态动词或助词时，可省略if把从句中的were，had或should提到其主语前形成倒装结构。17. D当insist作坚持说讲，即坚持事实是怎样时，后边that从句不用虚拟语气insist作坚持要求讲，that引导的宾语从句中用虚拟语气。18. Bused to和would都有“过去常常”之意，但used to有今昔对比之意，现在再也不这样了。而would无此用法。19. D因对话是对过去事情的推测，所以不能选择A和B。从上句意义可知：已坐了5个人的小车里再挤一个人一定不是舒服的旅行。答案为D。20. C“我们本不该觉得这么累，我们只是参加了个聚会嘛”。have been to是已发生的事实，“本不该”也是已经存在的状况。shouldnt have felt是对已存在的情况的虚拟。shouldnt“(照常理)本不应该”。21. C对过去发生的事情的否定推测。句意：有人告诉我John今天上午又出车祸了。我不相信。他不可能那么粗心的。couldnt have done意为“不可能做了”。22. DA、B项因为第二空有并列连词，排除，C项第一空意思不对，排除；D项第一空表示“将来”的时间，第二空表示“转折”的含义。通顺。23. C根据语境，是对过去了的事情表示感谢。情态动词 + have done，表示过去。would意为“会，将”。24. C首先排除B、D，B表示一种委婉，此时没必要，D项must语气不对。shall表单纯的将来，而will更好，表示我们将来愿意去。25. Dcant have done表示对过去的行为动作的否定，从上文来看“根据我所了解的情况，他们不可能这个假期很快乐”，A项表示“可能已经，该已”，B项表示“过去该做而未做”，C项表示“本来不需做而实际上做了”。26. Cshouldnt have come意为“本不应该来” ，暗含 “她来过了” 的意思，与题意不符；neednt have to come中need为情态动词，倾向于主观上的“必要”，与题中给出条件“We had changed our plan”不符；didnt need to come中的need to do表示“(有责任、有义务)做某事”，符合题意。27. Dcancould not +have done用于疑问句或否定句时，表示对过去情况的推测.表示不可能作过某事。28. A考查情态动词表达推测。can通常用于否定或疑问句中表示推测，表示可能性。这句话的意思是“布什先生一直按时做好所有的事，他怎么可能开幕式迟到呢？”。用于否定句表示“不可能”，此时要与may not“可能不”的含义注意区分，如：She may not tell lies. 她可能没撒谎。He cant have been to your home. He doesnt know your address. 他不可能去过你家，他都不知道你们家的地址。can用在肯定句中也有表示推测的意义，但表示理论上存在的可能性，翻译成“有时可能”（但很少发生），如：Even experienced teachers can make mistakes.29. C第一空可以用should或must，表示根据规定“应该；必须”，第二格只能用will，表示对目前或将来情况的推测。30. C根据句意“幸亏飞行员保持镇静，要不然这场事故是不会避免的”，对过去的推测。31. Dought to除了可以跟should一样表示“应该”之外，还可以表示推测，“照理应该”，而must表示相当肯定的语气，“一定；必定”，本题还着重考查正确使用时态，表示到目前应该已经发生用ought to +完成时态。32. C表示“你可以”用you may或you can都正确，B项肯定不对，关键还是need的用法，根据下文He will surely phone you soon，可知“你没必要”，因此排除A，mustnt“不许；禁止”，语气不对，D错在主谓搭配不一致。33. D先确定问句为将来时态，因为像come, go, leave, start等等这类趋向动词的进行时表示将来时。这是至关重要的，因为答语是就一将来的动作作出判断的。先排除A项，must not译为“不准”，与 文意不合；再排除B项，至少cannot不可分开写；最后排除C项， need not译为“不必”，与文意相左；只有选D项，译为“可能不，不一定”，正好与后文的He likes driving his car相吻合，故应选D项。34. Cshould（按道理）应该；句意：既然你在驾校时做了大量练习，那么通过这次考试理不应该有困难。35. DThey would have bought that house给我们的信息在那时。 D项为陈述语气，陈述当时没有钱这一事实。C应该表达成与过去事实相反的虚拟句If they had had enough money.36. Bwish后that引导的宾语从句中用虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反用Hadnt left。37. Bshould意为“竟然”。should have done意为“竟然做了某事”。句意：我很惊讶，他竟然比赛输了。38. Cshould have done意为“本该干某事”。m