高考英语 如何做好短文改错题（通用）

如何做好短文改错题？一、汉译英：1.我要买一些新家具(furniture)。2.她和她的姐姐们都喜欢学英语(as well as)。3.他是我父亲的一个朋友。4.你不能借这本书这么长时间。5.那就是我们去年参观过的地方。二、单句改错：1. This river is more longer than that one.2. How beautiful flowers he gave us yesterday3. It is a great fun playing golf.4. Although he is clever, but he studies hard.5. Tom asked Mary if she knew the man was speaking to her.短文改错是集语法知识与语言技能为一体的综合性试题，主要考查学生识别错误并改正错误的能力和在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性以及熟练程度，它能全面地考查学生对语言的评价与校正能力以及对词汇、语法和语篇三要素的把握能力。错误类型一般有：缺词、多词和错词。即：缺词添加、多词删除、错词改正。三、改错中的常见错误1.常见词法错误，主要包括动词、名词、冠词、形容词、副词、代词和介词等词类误用、同义词混淆使用、固定搭配等方面。根据句子成分分析句子结构和具体词的含义从而作出正确的判断是解答此类试题的关键。(1) 动词。设错的一般形式有：动词的时态和语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词、谓语动词缺失、短暂性动词和延续性动词混用等。e.g. 1. I will send you the photos we take last week.2. The colour TV sets produced in their factory are selling to several countries.3. Nobody except my parents know anything about it.4. The bike outside is belonged to him.5. They have got in touch with each other for a year.6. They were made do the job from morning till night.7. When everything ready, the party began.(2) 名词。主要是对可数名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词所有格、名词作定语的考查。e.g. 1. The professor gave us some good advices.2. The next day he came to borrow a book of my father.3. The woman teachers are dancing in the hall.(3) 冠词。主要是从固定搭配中冠词的误用、冠词漏用、不定冠词a 和an 的误用等方面进行考查。e.g. 1.He is playing piano now.2. The old man died of the cancer.3.She is such a honest boy that all of us like her.(4) 形容词、副词。常见的考点有：形容词和副词的误用、形容词和副词比较等级的误用、比较等级修饰语的误用等。e.g. 1.What he said sounded quite perfectly.2. I was angry, but they were very angrier.(5) 代词。常见的考点有：人称代词与物主代词的误用、不定代词的误用等。此类试题解答的关键是准确把握行文逻辑关系。e.g.1 He and his children felt tired but neither of them would stop for a rest.2. The twins didnt do his homework yesterday.(6) 介词。主要考查介词的多用或遗漏。e.g. 1. I disagree him about how we ought to deal with the matter.2. Last Sunday we took a bus to visit to a factory.2.常见句法错误。通常表现为简单句、复合句以及疑问句、祈使句、感叹句和强调句等错误。解答此类试题时，对句子结构分析正确很关键。(1) 简单句。考查主要以基本的句型为主。e.g. 1. His words made all of us were happy.2. There had a discussion on how to solve the problem yesterday.(2) 强调句，考查其基本的句型结构。e.g. 1.It was at midnight when I went home yesterday.2. What is it you want me to say?(3) 复合句，主要对状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句等的考查。解题的关键是在读懂句意的基础上判断它属于什么从句。e.g. 1. When he was a little boy, his mother was very poor that she had to send him to a rich family.2. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through it he could climb out.3.常见行文逻辑错误。多为前后句之间和上下文中的逻辑错误。很多情况下，在短文改错试题中，判断错误不能只从某个词或句子本身看，而要从上下文、乃至整篇文章去理解。这属于对文章逻辑关系的考查，这就要求我们做题时要准确把握文章的意思、内在的逻辑关系、篇章结构等。e.g. 1 .Hi, everyone. First, let me tell you something more about myself.2. Tom and Jack went to the same school and then to the same university. So they hadnt met each other since then.四、练习：(一)单句改错：1. He showed us how operate the machine.2. Im looking forward to see you again.3. Unfortunately, he found no room to live.4. Was it him who telephoned yesterday?5. I lent him the book I bought it last week.6. Tom accepted a letter from his friend the other day.（二）四人一组进行讨论，找出下面短文中的十处错误。When I was in high school, most of my friend had bicycles. I hoped I could also have it. One day I saw a second-hand bicycle, that was only one hundred yuan. I asked my father the money. But he said he could only give me half of the money. He should find the other half by myself. So I went to sell newspapers after the school. My father was pleased if I showed him the money a month after. He gives me the other fifty. You can imagine how much happy I was when I rode to school on my own bicycle.口诀：短文改错要做好，常见类型应记牢。名词爱考数与格，冠词在前错多少。动词时态和语态，非谓搭配莫错了。连代形副错一样，多是故意来混淆。介词多半考搭配，多漏误用想周到。句法涉及到一致，从句多考关系词。词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找。作业：改正下面短文中的错误。Last weekend we went mountain-climbing. Even the heavy rain in the morning couldnt prevent us go. Setting off very early, we went along an extreme narrow road, all in high spirits. On every side of the road were green fields and some farm house. We could hear the sound of the rain and our footsteps mixing with our laughter. At noon we reached the top of the mountain. That surprised us most there was the beauty of scenes. After having a short rest there and sharing with the food we had brought, we started going down. It had rained even harder. We were wet to the skin, and we still sang and laughed happily.一、词法（一）动词错误1. 谓语动词的时态错误，主要考点为上下文之间、复合句的主从句之间动词时态的一致性，虚拟语气中时态的运用。e.g. I thought that he will come tomorrow.2. 主谓一致错误。e.g. Nobody except my parents know anything about it.3. 语态错误。语态方面的错误主要涉及及物动词和不及物动词，主动表被动，现在分词和过去分词的辨别。e.g. The bike outside is belonged to him.4. 短暂性动词和延续性动词错误。短暂性动词不可和一段的时间状语连用，常见的短暂性动词有：lend, borrow, start, join, close, come, go等等。e.g. They have got in touch with each other for a year.5. 同义词、近义词和易混词错误。e.g. He wanted to see the report about the important football match.6. 非谓语动词错误。非谓语动词错误主要表现在不定式符号的留舍、动词分词及原形的误用。e.g. They were made do the job from morning till night.7. 无谓语动词错误。有些句子似乎很完整，但仔细分析可以发现句中本是谓语的动词，由于其形式错误而造成句子没有谓语动词，或者根本就没有谓语。e.g. When everything ready, the party began.（二）名词错误。1. 可数名词的数与不可数名词。e.g. The professor gave us some good services.2. 名词格的错误。e.g. The next day he came to borrow a book of my father.2. Three days journey made all of us tired.（三）冠词错误。冠词错误主要涉及不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词的使用，使用不定冠词a 还是 an 区别。1. 定冠词与不定冠词的误用。2. 冠词漏用。3. 冠词多余。4. 不定冠词a, an 误用。（四）形容词、副词错误。1.形容词、副词的误用。e.g. What he said sounded quite perfectly.2. 形容词、副词比较等级的误用。e.g. Teachers should receive further education to catch up with the later development.3. 比较等级的修饰语错误。e.g. I was angry, but they were very angrier.4. 同义词、近义词、易混词的误用。e.g. The quicker a car is traveling, the longer it takes to stop.（五）代词错误。1. 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的误用或不一致。e.g. He didnt do her homework yesterday.2. 不定代词的误用。e.g. He and his children felt tired but neither of them would stop for a rest.3. 关系代词、连接代词的误用。e.g. He came to tell us that he had seen there.（六）介词错误。1.介词误用错误。e.g. He is good in English.2. 多用介词。e.g. All of us had a good time on that day.3. 遗漏介词。e.g. I disagree him about how we ought to deal with the matter.二、句法1. 固定句型错误。固定句型的错误主要表现在固定搭配上的错误、结构上的错误等。e.g. He was about to get on the bus then he heard someone calling him.2. 简单句错误。(1) There be 句型错误。e.g. There had a discussion on how to solve the problem yesterday.(2) 祈使句错误。e.g. Working hard and you will succeed in the future.(3) 感叹句错误。e.g. How beautiful flowers he gave me！(4) 强调句错误。强调句错误主要表现在句型混乱、与定语从句混淆。e.g. It was two years ago since he began to learn English.3.复合句错误。复合句的错误主要表现在各种从句的连接词使用的错误，即连接词的遗漏、误用等。e.g. Ill never forget the days when we spent in Qingdao.做短文改错题，在很多情况下判断错误不能只从某个词本身，甚至不能从整个句子本身看，而要从上下文，乃至整篇文章来看。只有通晓全文的内容和结构，才能答好短文改错题。这就要求我们要弄懂文章的含义，内在的逻辑关系、篇章结构等。（一）单句中的逻辑错误。e.g.1.This was a lie, and his teacher didnt know.2. Clever as she is, but she works hard.（二）上下文中的逻辑错误。1.有时从单句中根本看不出错误，但是联系上下文， 便可看出行文逻辑上的错误。2. 上下文的错误有时还表现在时态不一致、人称不一致、前后矛盾等错误。e.g. There were many great people in history. But many of them are poor in childhood. Schools were few and not good. They couldnt depend on it for a good education.三、短文改错的解题步骤1.通读全文，了解短文的中心意思，把握全篇的时态、人称及行文逻辑。尤其是行文逻辑方面的错误，有时孤立地分析某个句子，其结构正确、语义通顺、无错可改。有时孤立地读一个单句时是没有错误的（或是不易看出错误）。但是，如果联系上