高考英语一轮复习 Unit9—Unit10知识梳理

Units 910知识梳理A词汇单词toothpick，disagreement，absolutely，depend，press，teenager，latest，calendar，remind，appointment，behavior，obey，dare，emergency，unexpected，particular，clone，interview，department，electricity，wonder，defeat，skip，Tibetan，endanger，j ungle，giraffe，environment，tour，species，measure，habitat，original，battery，valuable，reduce，respond，package，harmfulmateriaIposter，topic，organize，interview，negative词组agree with sb，depend on，add to，remind sbof sth，stay in touch with，call for，in case(of)，according to，in particular，take over，break down，in danger，die out，as a result of，lead to，take measures，adapt to，make a difference，devoteto，at present，havein common，make (no)sense，set free，in the wild，throw away语法现在进行时被动语态New functions are being added to the phonesMary is being interviewed for the jobLook!The new students are being shown into the hall 。直接引语与间接引语“I am writing an article about the environment on the earth，”the expert saidThe expert said that he was writing an article about the environment on the earth“The earth rotates around the sun，”the teacher told the students yesterdayThe teacher told the students yesterday that the earth rotates around the sun“Do you like learning English?”the father asked his sonThe father asked his son if he liked learning English“How far is your home away from school?”the teacher asked JohnThe teacher asked John how far his home was away from school.“Please tell me the whole storyTom said to GeorgeTom asked George to tell him the whole story交际用语Thats exactly what I was thinkingThats a good pointThats worth thinking aboutI couldnt agree moreIm afraid I dont agreeWell，it dependsYou cant be serious.常用句型This photo reminds him of his childhoodHis friends ask him to stay in touch with them while he is abroadHaving a cellphone also makes us feel safer，since we can call for help in case of an emergencyMany rare animals are facing the fate of dying outThe manager has taken measures before the situation gets worsePeople must learn to adapt to the new environment wherever they goHe devotes himself to making contribution to the liberty cause of his motherland辨析词语(1)be used forbe used asbe used by三者均有“被使用”之意。但是be used for表示用途；be used as表示目的；be used by强调被动。例：A knife is used for cutting刀是用来切东西的。Shells were once used as money贝壳曾经用作货币。This pen has been used by me for ten years这支钢笔我已经使用了10年。(2)becausebecause ofbecause为连词，引导的状语从句一般置于主句之后，可用逗号与句号隔开，也可置于句首，但是不能与so连用。例：Because something was wrong with my bicycle yesterday，I came home late因为昨天我的自行车出了毛病，所以我回家晚了。because和because of均有”因为、由于”之意，但是because of为介词短语，后跟名词、代词或相当于名词的短语，不能跟原因状语从句。例：The football match was cancelled because of rain因为下雨足球赛取消了。(3)addtoadd toadd up to三者均有“加”、“增加”之意。但是，addto意为“把加到”；add to意为“增加”、“增强”；add up to意为“合计达”、“意味着”。例：The English people like to add milk to tea英国人喜欢在茶里加牛奶。The terrible weather added to our difficulties恶劣的天气给我们增加了困难。All this adds up to a new concept of the universe这一切意味着宇宙的新观念。(4)the lastthe latestthe latterthe last指一系列事物中的最后一个，或正在谈及的事物之前的一个；the latest意为“最近的”、“最新的”，虽然the last也可表示此义，但the latest更常用；the tatter意为“后者”，指提及的两个事物中的第二个，多用于书面语中。例：He is always the last one to leave the classroom他总是最后一个离开教室。The latest novel of his is well received by his readers他最新出版的小说非常受读者的欢迎。Of the two the latter is far better than the former两者中后者比前者好得多。(5)knowknow ofknow aboutknow意为“知道”、“认识”、“熟悉”；know of意为“听说过”、“知道(有)”；know about意为“了解”、“知道情况”。例：I know Shanghai well我对上海很熟悉。I dont know the writer，but I know of him我不认识这个作家，但我听说过他。You want to know about this matter from beginning to end，dont you?你想彻底了解这件事情，对吗?( 6)die downdie fordie outdie offdie down意为“(火、光、暴风雨、兴奋等)减弱，渐息”、“(声音)静下来”，可与die away互换；die for意为“为而死”；die out意为“灭绝”、“(灯、火等)熄灭”、“消失”；die off意为“(家族、种族等)相继死亡”。例：The wind has died downaway a bit风已经减弱了一点儿。He died for his motherland他为国捐躯。Many rare animals are dying out许多稀有动物正处在灭绝的边缘。The people in this village were dying off from diseases这个村子的人相继病死。(7)die ofdie from二者均有“因而死”、“死于”之意，指“因疾病而死”时，可互换。但是，die of主要指由于饥饿、寒冷、年老或情感等原因引起的死亡；die from一般指由于外因(如环境、受伤、事故等)造成的死亡。例：Millions of poor people die of hunger and cold in the world every year每年世界上都有数百万穷人死于饥饿和寒冷。Their dear father died from a traffic accident他们亲爱的父亲死于交通事故。(8)first of allat firstfirst of all意为“首先”、“最初”、“首要”；at first意为“起初”、“当初”、“开始”，含有起初认为怎样，而后来实际并非如此之意。例：First of all，let me introduce my best friend to you首先我给你们介绍一下我最好的朋友。At first，I thought he was shy，but then I discovered that he was just not interested jn other people起初我还以为他很腼腆，后来我才发觉他是不爱理人。C 识记句型1 This photo reminds him of his childhood2 Having a cellphone also makes us feel safer, since we can call for help in case of an emergency3 The manager has taken measures before the situation gets worse4 He devotes himself to making contrihutions to the liberty cause of his country5 Generally speaking，girls are good atdo well in languages6 You cant keep small children still；theyre always on the go7 Its time that we had a rest8 His talks were over；it was time for him to be off9 The students have decided to come up with a peaceful solution10 There is little money left for foodbuying food11 The man is difficult to deal with12 John is doing what he can to save the animals in dangerD 触类旁通1Books of this kind wellAsell BsellsCare sold Dis done【答案】A【解析】本句意为：这种书很畅销。sell通常用主动结构，而且主语是books，故选A。英语里有些词用主动形式表示被动意义，如sell，read，write，translate，wash，wear，look，cut，keep，feel(摸起来)，burn，last，strike等动词与表示行为方式的状语连用时或与情态动词连用时。2. A man may usually be known by the books he reads by the friends he keepsAas well as Bas ifCas soon as Das usual【答案】A【解析】as well as意为“不仅而且”；as if意为“似乎，好像”；as soon as意为“一就”；as usual意为“照常，像通常那样”。依据题干的意思，“我们可以从一个人所读的书及他所交的朋友来了解他”，所以选A。3This room is not warm， in winter，because it faces the northAspecially BspecialCespecially Despecial【答案】C【解析】especially表示程度，意为“尤其是”，在句中修饰介词短语in winter。4She is afraid of her teacherand she speak a single word before himAdare not to Bdares not toCdarent Ddidnt dare【答案】C【解析】dare可作情态动词和实义动词。dare用作情态动词时，常见于否定句和疑问句。dare用作实义动词时的否定形式为dontdoesnt dare to。5Although he is always coming on time，he is used late for his classAto have students Bfor studentsbeingCto studentsbeing Dfor studentsto be【答案】C【解析】be used to是习惯用语，意为“习惯”，to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。该句中studentsbeing late是动名词的复合结构。该句意为“尽管他总是按时到，但他已习惯于学生的迟到。”故答案为C。6He was removed from the company，for he couldnt his way of life to the restAmatch BfitCsuit Dadapt【答案】 D【解析】match指大小、色调、形状、性质等相配相称；fit多指大小、尺寸适合；suit多指品味、身份、要求、性格等方面的适合；adapt指修改或改变以适应新条件之意。而且值得注意的是adapt to这个词组，故选D。7He suggests to the Science Museum this weekendAto pay a visit BvisitCvisiting Dpaying a visit【答案】D【解析】 suggest后接动名词，不接不定式作宾语，排除A；visit是及物动词，后不接介词to，排除C；B中visit作名词，前需加冠词a。故只有D项是正确答案。考题回放1 Since I won the big prize，my telephone hasnt stopped ringingPeople_ to ask how I am going to spend the money (2020湖南卷)Aphone B will phoneCwere phoning Dare phoning【答案】D【解析】从my telephone hasnt stopped ringing(我的电话从没停过)可推知“人们在问我如何花这笔钱”，故用现在进行时。2 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment， I will always treasure(NMET 2002)Athat BoneCit Dwhat【答案】B【解析】one为代词，代替前面这个难忘的时刻，作moment的同位语，而不是一个定语从句。因此正确答案为B。3 Alice，why didnt you come yesterday?I ，but I had an unexpected visitor(NMET 1997)Ahad BwouldCwas going to Ddid【答案】C【解析】此题重点考查动词时态。waswere going to do sth表示过去按计划安排在某个时间将要发生的动作，但这一动作可以是后来没有发生的。如果从虚拟语气考虑，此句可以理解为：I would have come yesterday，它的省略式应为would have，而不是would。4 it with me and Ill see what I can do(NMET 1998)AWhen left BLeavingCIf you leave DLeave【答案】D【解析】此题重点考查固定句型。祈使句+andor十陈述句的句型可转换为：if引导的条件句+主句。5 Many people agree that knowledge of English is a must in international trade today(NMEI 1996)Aa； Bthe；anCthe；the D；the【答案】A【解析】此题重点考查冠词搭配。knowledge是个不可数名词，但a knowledge of为固定搭配，表示“某方面的知识”。“国际贸易”是抽象名词，前面不加冠词。基础训练1The Great Wall has been several timesAadded Badding toCadded to Dadded in2He cant read or write，so who do you think he letters to his daughter?Ahas write Bhas wroteChas written Dhas to write3Everyone says you are a good studentYou never fall asleep in class，do you? AYes，sometimes BYes，I didCYes，never DNo，I didnt4 it is to go swimming in summer!AWhat a fun B What funCHow fun DWhat funny5Life is a from birth to deathAtrip BjourneyCtravel Dtour6He devoted himself to Ahelp the poorBhelping the poorCbe ready to help othersDbe eager to help others7Can you your brother from that group of people?Apick up BchooseCpick out Dselect8Where have you _ your textbook?Im sure I itAforgotten；may have lost Bforgotten；must loseCleft；can have lost D1eft；must have lost9John was made of the national football team.Aa captain Bthe captainCcaptain Das captain10They have planted _ they did last yearAtwice more trees as Btwice as many trees asCtwice as much trees as Das twice many trees11What they have heard doesnt _ the factAagree on Bagree toCagree with Dagree at12Do you know the city at all? ，this is the first time I _ hereANo；was BYes；cameCNo；have been DYes；have come13There are only ten minutes Maybe I couldnt finish the composition。Agoing BleavingCto go Dto leave参考答案与解析1C add to相当于increase，题意为：长城已经维修了好几次，是被动关系。2A由He cant read or write得知，他既不会读，也不会写，因此只得请人给女儿写信，即have sbdo sth。这里将sb提前构成特殊疑问句，故选A。3D本题考查反意疑问句的回答。由前面的a good student可知，不会在课堂上睡觉，故选D。4B fun是不可数名词，所以感叹句的引导词只能用what。5B trip是旅行和访问的总称，常指短距离且直接到达目的地的旅行；journey是到某一目的地去旅行，多指陆地旅行，也可用于抽象意义；tour指周游，主要用于观光，游览；travel泛指旅行。6B devote oneself to意为“致力于，献身于”，to是介词，后接名词或动名词，故选B。7C pick up意为“捡起，收听”；choose，select意为“挑选”；pick out意为“辨认”。题干意为：你能从那群人中将你的弟弟辨认出来吗?所以选C。8D本题考查动词辨析和情态动词用法。forget意为“忘记”；leave意为“丢下，遗忘”，相当于forget to bring or take。根据题意“你把书落在哪儿了?”可排除A，B两项。1m sure说明对此事“很有把握”，故应用must表示肯定的推测。因此D为正确答案，can表示推测时应用于否定句或疑问句。9C该题考查名词作宾补的用法。当“make sb+名词”这一结构中的名词表示官衔、职务等时通常省略冠词。该句意为：约翰被选为国家足球队队长。故正确答案为c。10B该题考查倍数表达法：“倍数十as4形容词原形十as或倍数+比较级+than”。trees是可数名词。故B为正确答案。11C agree on意为“(双方或几方)达成坍汉”；agree to意为“赞成(计划等)”；agree with意为“同意”、“与一致”等；无agree at的搭配。根据句意“他们所听到的与事实不符”。故c项为正确答案。12C该题注意句子时态。在“Its the十序数词十time+从句”的句型中，谓语动词用完成时态，可排除A、B两项。根据题意可知“这足我第-次来这座城市，故对它不了解”，所以用No来回答。因此C项为正确答案。13C该题为习惯用法。to go意为“还剩(时间)”，相当于left。综合强化1 完形填空Social customs and ways of behaving are changingThings which were considered 1 many years ago are now 2 Just a few years ago，it was considered impolite behavior for a man 3 in the streetNo man who thought 4 himself as being a gentleman would 5 a fool of himself 6 smoking when a lady was in the room.Customs are 7 very different from country to countryDoes a man walk 8 the left or the right of a woman in your country?Or doesnt it 9 ？What 10 table manner?Should you use 11 hands when you eat?Should you leave one in your lap，or on the table?The important thing 12 about social customs is not to do 13 that might make other people 14 uncomfortable-especially 15 they are your guestsThere is an old story about a rich nobleman who gave a very 16 dinner partyWhen the food 17 one of the guests started to eat his peas with a knifeThe other guests were amazed(惊讶)or 18 ，but the nobleman calmly picked up his knife and began eating 19 It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel 20 or uncomfortable1Apolite BimpoliteCformal Dinformal2Aaccept BacceptingCaccepted Dacceptive3Asmoke Bto smokeCsmokes Dsmoking4Aof BaboutCover Dfor5Aget BdoCact Dmake6Athrough BbyCfrom Dat7Aall BalreadyCalso Dalmost8Ato BatCby Don9Amatter BmeanCimply(暗示) Dcare10Afor BaboutCto Don11Aeither BneitherCboth Dany12Ato remember BrememberedCremembering Dremembers13Asomething BanythingCone thing Dnone14Ato feel BfeelingCfeel Dfelt15Abecause BsinceCas Dif1 6Aformal BinformalCpolite Dsocial17Aserved Bwas servedCis served Dserves18Awondered BshockedCpleased Damused19Athe same Bin the sameCin the same way Din the way20Afool BfoolishCfooly Dfoolishing参考答案与解析1B根据下文“Just a few years ago，it was considered impolite”可以推断出此句的含义为“几年前被认为是不礼貌的行为现在却是可以被接纳的”，故B为正确的选项。2C此题考查动词的被动语态。accept是及物动词，在系动词后要么用过去分词构成被动结构，要么用现在分词+宾语构成进行时形式。句意是“是可以被接受的”。3B此题考查动词不定式。for sbto do是常用结构。4A此题考查动词和介词的搭配。think of sboneself as表示“认为某人自己为”。5D此题考查动词和名词的固定搭配。make a fool of sboneself表示“出丑”、“闹笑话”。6B此题考查介词用法。by在此处表示“靠”、“因”。7C上文提到“社会习俗和行为方式在变化”，此句意思是“各国的习俗也有所不同”。8D此题考查介词和名词的搭配。表示静态的左右位置用介词on，表示动态的左右位置用介词to。9A此题考查动词用法。It doesnt matter表示“没关系”。10B此题考查固定用法。What about?表示“怎么样?”11C此题考查名词的限定词的选择。A、B修饰单数名词；any指三者或三者以上；两者用both来表示。12A此题考查不定式作定语的用法。不定式作定语放在名词后，表示将来的动作。13B此题考查不定代词的用法。否定句中的不定代词。一般用any或由any组成的词。14C 此题考查使役动词make的用法。make sb+ do是固定句型。15D此题考查连词的用法。句意是“如果他们是你的客人”。16A此题为语境把握题。只有在正式的宴会上主人才不便告诉客人应该怎么吃。所以选A。17B此题首先需确定主语与谓语动词之间的主被动关系。句意是“当食物被端上来时”。18B此题考查对语境的理解。19C此题考查对句子的理解。为了不使那个客人感到尴尬，主人用和那个客人一样的方式吃饭。20B此题考查动词的用法。feel后面需要加形容词表示所持有的感受。2 阅读理解With teens eager to keep in touch with their friends and parents wanting to know where their children go after school，a mobile phone has become a must-have(必需品)for young peopleBut more and more schools across the country are introducing strict rules which forbid students from bringing mobile phones to campus“Sometimes a sudden phone call or a text message is really annoying(恼人的)when you are trying to concentrate in class，”said Yu Kaiyin，a Senior 3 student in BeijingMobile phone users at her school are not punished，so many students still use them on campus“Some might just want to show off，letting it ring to tell others they own a mobile phone or have downloaded some new music,”Yu saidHuang Wei, a Senior 3 student in Zhejiang province also thinks it is bad manners to keep your mobile phone on in class“It shows a lack of respect to your teachers as well as your classmates，”he saidIn his school, few students dare use mobile phonesAnyone who does is told off by the teacher and their phones are taken away from them for a few daysDespite the new school rules，most students will follow the fashion and get a mobile phone anywayBesides，its not hard for a family to buy their child a reasonably-priced phoneSo when and where is it polite for you to make and answer a phone call? Yu believes people should think of others when they use their phones on the bus“Some people often raise their voices to be heard over the noiseThey must feel embarrassed(尴尬的)when everyone on the bus can hear what they are saying，”she said“If I were them，I would answer the call after I got off the bus，if it wasnt urgent(紧急的)”“Everyone should have mobile phone manners in mind when they are in a public place，”sheadded1Which of the following is the best title for the passage above?AFollowing the FashionBA Must-have for the YoungCThe Annoying PhonesDMobile Manners2Why do stud