2020版高考英语一轮复习 Unit2 Robots精品学案 新人教版选修7

选修7 Unit 2 Robots 复习目标闯关 要点名师讲解【重点单词】2. favour n. 喜爱；恩惠，帮忙；优惠；vt. 喜爱；偏袒 （=favor）3. accompany vt. 陪伴；伴奏accompany sth./with（by）sth. 与同时存在或发生accompany sb. to sp. 陪某人到某地accompany sb. at/on sth. （尤指用钢琴）为-伴奏be accompanied by 由-伴奏accompaniment n. 伴奏，伴随发生的事情To the accompaniment of sth. 在某物的伴奏下，在某物发生时accompanist n. 伴奏者accompany n. 陪伴；交往；公司；商号keep sb. company 陪伴某人companion n. 同伴，伙伴4. affair n. 事，事务；暧昧关系，私通How I spend my money is my affair. 我如何用钱时我自己的事【点拨】辨析 affair, matter, business, thingaffair “事情，事件”泛指已做或待做的事；也指商业事务和政府的日常事务matter“事情，事” 常指要给与注意和考虑要处理的事情business“事情，事务”用作不可数名词常指所派的任务、职责，有时是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动thing“事情，事”无论大小、好坏通称为thing；不指专门事务；复数things有“情况，形式”的意思Things are getting worse and worse with us. 形式对我们越来越不利【即境活用】I have a plane to catch, so lets get down to _.A. business B. affairs C. matter D. things答案：A 5. declare vt. 宣布；声明；表明；宣称declare sth.宣布declare sb./sth. (to be) +n./adj.宣布为declare thatdeclare war on/against 对宣战declare against/for声明反对/赞成declare oneself 发表意见；表明态度declare off 取消declare that 宣告；宣称declaration n. 宣布；声明；宣言【即境活用】We have time and time again _ that we will never be the first to use nuclear weapons.A. declared B. announced C. declined D. exclaimed【解析】选A。句意：我们一再声称我们决不首先使用核武器。declare指在庄严场合郑重宣布，公开讲明，其目的不在于众所周知，而在于使人明白了解。announce指将大家感兴趣的事公布于众，诸如消息或新闻等。Decline指拒绝、谢绝。exclaim 指（因愤怒、高兴等）呼喊惊叫。只有A项符合题意。【重点短语】1. turn around 转向；回转2. leavealone 不管；别惹；让一个人待着；和单独在一起【拓展延伸】Phrases: leave behind 超过，使-落后；比取得好得多的成绩 leave for 动身去- leave off 停止，结束 leave out 省略，忘掉 leave.aside 搁置一边，不予考虑 leave it with me 把这事留给我吧 leave sth.for sb. 把某物递交给某人Please leave my personal affairs alone.请别管我的私事。The lights of the city were soon left behind.都市的灯光不久就被抛在了后面。It was careless of him to leave out an important detail.他真粗心，漏掉了一个重要细节。 【即境活用】When considering how to settle the problem, he had _ the most important factorweather.A. left out B. left behind C. left off D. left over【解析】选A。 句意：在考虑解决问题的办法时，他把最重要的因素天气给遗漏了。leave out表示“遗漏”，符合语意要求。3. set aside 将.放到一边；节省或保留（钱或时间）；暂时不考虑He set all offers aside. 所有的提议他都置之不理She set aside her book and lit a cigarette.她把书放在一旁，点燃了一支香烟。Why dont you set your ideas down on paper?你怎么不把你的想法写在纸上呢？Do be careful with those fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off/这些烟火要格外小心，稍有火星就能引起爆炸。【即境活用】Memorial Day is a US national holiday _ to remember those who gave their lives in the service of the nation.A. put up B. set aside C. put on D. set up【解析】选B. 考查动词短语辨析。set sth. aside （为某种目的）留出。句意为：阵亡将士纪念日是美国为纪念那些阵亡将士而设立的一个国家性节日。【重点句型】语法核心突破动词不定式（The Infinitive）不定式也有时态语态的变化，不定式在句中试用主动还是被动的问题，是不定式的难点和易混点1动词不定式的完成式（Perfect infinitive）由to+have+动词的过去分词构成。表示不定式的动作在谓语表示的动作（状态）之前完成 I am sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，叫你等了。（to have kept 发生在am所表示的时间之前）She seems to have read he book before.她好像看过这本书。（to have read发生在seems 所表示的时间之前）2动词不定式的被动语态。（Passive infinitive）.有两种形式：一般式 to be done.完成式 to have been doneThe next thing to be done is to carry away the earth. 下一步要做的事是把土运走No harm seems to have been done.似乎并没有造成损害动词不定式有下列时态和语态的变化：（以write为例） 主动语态被动语态一般式to writeto be written进行式to be writing完成式to have writtento have been writen【点拨】不定式被动结构中的特殊情况1.不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式往往有主动语态I have something to tell you.2. 不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式，否则用被动形式I have a meeting to attend.Do you have anything to be taken to the city?3.不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这时因为形容词后省略了for sb.此类形容词：difficult,easy,light,heavy,comfortable,danderous,bitter,fit,interesting,necessary,important等4.动词不定式“to blame;”等与be 动词连用，常用主动形式；但具有对比意义时仍用被动形式He isnt to blame. 他不该受责备【语法专练】1. He hurried to the hotel, only _ his girlfriend had left.A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told2. Did the reference give the information you needed?Yes, but it, I had to read it entirely. Ato find Bhaving found CfindingDfind3. -What did you hear last night?- I seemed _ someone knock at the door.A. to have heard B. to be heard C. to be hearing D. having heard4. The little girl showed no anxiety before the competition. She seemed _ for it pretty well.A. to have prepared B. to prepare C. having prepared D. to be preparing5. - Is he said _ his car lost?- Yes. He was so foolish _ leave his car _. A. that; that; unlock B. to have had; as to; unlockedC. to have; to; unlock D. to have; for him to; unlocked答案：15 高考真题链接1.（2020湖南卷T32）Tim is in good shape physically he doesnt get much exercise. A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as【解析】选B。考查状语从句。句意为：“尽管Tim不经常锻炼，但他身材很好。”前后是让步转折关系，故选B项。2.（2020安徽卷T29）The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, _they have the interest. A. wherever B. whenever C. even if D. as if【解析】选C。本题考查状语从句连词辨析。句意为“工程师们非常繁忙，即使（even if）有户外体育活动的兴趣也没有时间去做。”3.（2020江西卷T32）There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.A to discover B to be discovered C discovered D being discovered【解析】选B。考察非谓语动词。演员等待被发现, 用被动, 发现发生在等待之后, 所以用不定式. 4.（2020福建卷T11）We are at your service. Dont to turn to us if you have any further problems.A. beg B. hesitate C. desire D. seek【解析】选B。动词词义辨析。beg：乞求，乞讨，恳求；hesitate：犹豫，踌躇；desire：欲望；愿望；seek：试图，要求。题干意思是：我们为你服务。当你有任何问题时，请毫不犹豫的向我们求助。选B。5. （2020 山东卷）I cant say which wine is beatits a (n) _ of personal taste.Aaffair Bevent Cmatter Dvariety【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。按照句意：这是一个个人口味的问题/事情综合效能检测一、听力（略）二、单项选择21They desired that they the right to vote.AhadBhaveCareDwere22Peter the papers he was marking and reached for his cigarettes and matches.Aset outBset off Cset inDset aside23. Children under 14 must be by an adultA. companied B. accompanied C. punished D. embarrassed24. What can I do for you, sir ?I want to buy a flatlarge, comfortable and _ at the seaside.A. in all B. after allC. above all D. first of all25. Extra lessons on Sundays put _ pressure on students, who already have _ homework.A. many; much of B. more; many of C. more; piles of D. many; plenty of26. Id almost given up hope of finding a car I liked, and then suddenly this one _ .A. turned over B. turned downC. turned onD. turned up27. Partly _ about his lost love, he buried himself in office work.A. forgetting B. to have forgot C. to forget D. having forgot28.（2020北京市西城区高三一模）23Naturally I will come to you for advice whenever I feel I need .Athem Bone Csome Dfew29. Why are your hands so dirty? I in the garden Awas working Bhave workedCworked Dhave been working30. We tried hard，and eventually，we were able to get Mike us his car just for a dayAlending Blend Cto lend Dlent31. They left without leaving a message，_was more than we had expectedAwhat Bwhich Cthat Dwhen32. To shut your eyes to factsas many of you do, foolishA. is Bare Care Dwere33. When the whole area was _ by the flood , the government sent food and medicine there by helicopter. A. cut away B. cut downC. cut off D. cut up34. Many Chinese universities provided scholarships for students _ financial aid.A. in favour of B. in honour of C. in face of D. in need of35. Shall I look after your house while you are away?_. A. It couldnt be better. B. Of course you can. C. If you like. D. Its up to you.三、完形填空“Leave him alone,” I shouted as I walked out of the orphanage(孤儿院) gate and saw several of the Spring Park School bullies(欺负弱者的人) pushing the deaf kid around. I did not know the boy at all 36 I knew that we were about the same age, because of his size. He lived in the old white house across the street from the orphanage where I 37 . I had seen him on his front covered entrance several times doing absolutely nothing, except just sitting there making funny hand movements. In the summer time we didnt get much to eat 38 Sunday supper, except watermelon and then we had to eat it behind the dining room so we would not make a mess on the 39 inside. The only time that I would see him was through the high chain-link fence that surrounded the 40 when we ate our watermelon outside. The deaf kid started making all kinds of hand 41 , really fast. “You are a stupid idiot,” said the bigger of the two bullies 42 he pushed the boy down on the ground. The other bully ran around behind the boy and kicked him as hard as he could in the back. The deaf boys body started 43 all over and he curled up in a ball trying to protect and hide his face. He looked like he was trying to cry, or something but he just couldnt make any 44 . I ran as fast as I could back through the orphanage gate and into the thick bushes. I uncovered my home-made bow which I had 45 out of bamboo and string. I grabbed four arrows that were also made of bamboo. Then I ran back out the gate with an arrow lifted in the 46 and I just stood there quietly, breathing really hard just 47 either one of them to kick or touch the boy again. 36. A. afterB. andC. forD. but 37. A. livedB. workedC. studiedD. visited 38. A. withB. duringC. forD. after39. A. tablesB. desksC. bedsD. benches 40. A. white houseB. orphanageC. dinning roomD. school 41. A. signalsB. shakesC. symbolsD. efforts 42. A. sinceB. asC. ifD. whenever 43. A. changingB. movingC. shakingD. pushing 44. A. choicesB. noisesC. voicesD. sounds 45. A. cutB. constructedC. foundD. figured 46. A. directionB. handC. bowD. face 47. A. daringB. encouragingC. askingD. warning 四、阅读理解AModern scientists have made great development in building computers that can imitate logical thought. There are two schools of thought on artificial intelligence (人工智能). Supporters of “Strong AI” consider that all human thought can be broken down into a set of mathematical operations. They expect that they will one day be able to copy the human mind and create a robot able to both think and feel, with a sense of self the stuff of classic science fiction. Supporters of “Weak AI” think a computer might seem intelligent, but it is not aware of what it is doing, with no sense of self or consciousness.Now the development of life like robots may be closer to reality than you think. Engineers have created robotic soccer players, and bees that act like the real thing. Powered by a small battery on her back, humanoid robot Lola is a soccer champion. “The idea of the robot is that it can walk and see things because it has a video camera on top,” Raul Rojas, Ph. D., professor of artificial intelligence at Freie University in Berlin, Germany, told Ivanhoe. Using the camera on her head, Lola recognizes objects by color.“Using this camera, Lola can locate objects on the floor, such as a red ball, go after the ball and try to score a goal,” said Dr. Rojas. German engineers have also created a bee robot. It can imitate the bees “waggle” dance which communicates the location of food and water.“Later what we want to prove is that the robot can send the bees in any decided direction using the waggle dance,” said Dr. Rojas.Robots like this could one day become high tech surveillance (侦察) tools that secretly fly and record data.48Robotic soccer players mentioned in the text reach the level of .A“Strong AI” technologyB“Weak AI” technologyCbeing able to think themselvesDhaving a sense of consciousness 49How does Lola tell different objects according to the text?ABy microwave.BBy sound.CBy smell.DBy color.50The underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refers to “ ”.Aa bee robotBa robotic soccer playerCa been that can use the waggle danceDa surveillance tool51Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?AA robot able to both think and feel only exists in science fiction now.BScientists have created the robots that can play soccer better than men.CEngineers have created robotic soccer players and bees that can replace the real thing.DScientists have made great development in recording data in the past few years.BThere seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknownThey probably came about just to give children something to doIn the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with anotherIn societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult worldWhat is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the sameThe changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technologyIt is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the word and their persistence to the present that is amazingIn Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic（北极的） people, generally the same kinds of toys appearedVariations depended on local customs and way of life because toys imitate their surroundingNearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehiclesBecause toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult useThe progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways upThe progress from a rattle （拨浪鼓） used by a baby in 3,000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventivenessEach rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials52The reason why the toys moat boys play with are different from those that gills play with is that _.Atheir social roles are rigidly determinedBthey like challenging activitiesCmost boys would like to follow their fathers professionsDboys like to play with their fathers while girl with their mothers53One aspect of the universality of toys lies in the fact that _Athe basic characteristics of toys are the same all over the worldBtechnological advances have greatly improved the durability of toysCthe exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toysDthe improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universities54Which of the following is the authors view on the historical development of toys?AToys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a childs characterBThe toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent yearsCThe craftsmanship in toy - making has remained essentially unchangedDToys have remained basically the same all through the centuries55Regarded as a kind of art form, toys _Areflect the pace of social progressBare not characterized by technological progressCfollow a direct line of ascentDalso appeal greatly to adults56The author uses the example of a rattle to show that _Ait often takes a long time to introduce new technology into toy - makingBeven the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technologyCeven a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the timeDin toy - making there is a continuity in the use of materials五、阅读表达I really dislike cars, and driving in general. Now, the technology of the World Wide Web allows me to complain to the entire world. So bear with me as I detail my reasons Driving is wasting time-I dont learn anything. I wont be a better person when I get in a car. Sitting in a car is bad for you. Human bodies need to move, and poorly designed car seats only make our bodies hurt more. Driving demands all your attention. Any small diversion (分散)of attention, like changing the radio station or yawning (打哈欠), can result in death. Who wants to die for a yawn? Cars pollute. They make walking down the street a terrible experience. Cars take away much of my freedom. I have to feed it gas and oil regularly, etc. It seems that Im the slave of the car. Not to mention the thousands of dollars per year to keep it running. Have you ever noticed the huge part of societys resources that goes to service the car industry? Look at the number of car commercials on TV and on the radio. Look at the vast amount of land space given to gas stations, repair shops, roads, parking lots, etc. Look at the huge amount of time people spend driving and serving their cars. _. Whenever someone dies in a plane crash, theres a huge public outcry(大声疾呼) for the FAA (联邦航运局) to spend millions of dollars pouri