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2020考前冲刺英语专题07 短文改错分类讲解 高考英语短文改错历来是考生的一个难点,因为它考察的是考生的综合语言运用能力,涵盖英语语言的各个层面。但是综合分析历年试题我们不难发现短文改错是有规律可循的,考察的常考考点是固定的。因此,考生只要具备较扎实的英语基础知识,在此基础上明确有那些考点,分解练习各个考点,再综合到短文中有意识的在只要出现考点的地方停顿核查,不断练习,定会有提高。考点解析:名词一、考点规律分析短文改错的名词考点金太阳新课标资源网主要涉及名词的单复数问题,即在该用复数的地方误用其单数,或在该用单数的地方误用其复数,关键是记住常用的不可数名词和集体名词以及复数形式表达不同意义的名词(见核按钮)二、真题单句归纳(1) We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. (waters 改为water,因“水”为物质名词,不可数) (全国卷)(2) We climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many 改为 returns,many happy returns of the day! 为祝贺生日的惯用表达) (北京春季卷)(10) She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. (schoolmate 改为 schoolmates,因校友不只一个,另外根据其后的 all 也可推知) (全国卷)(11) I used to love science class all of them biology, chemistry, geography, physics. (class 改为 classes,指其后提到的所有课程) (北京春季卷)(12) They did not want me to do any work at family. (family 改为 home,因 at home 为固定短语) (全国卷)(13) so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subject 改为 subjects,请注意前面的 all) (全国卷)(14) On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. (picture 改为 pictures,picture 作为可数名词,其前应有限定词,或为复数形式) (全国卷)(15) No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to. (program 改为 programs,从句意上看,此处应用复数) (北京春季卷)(16) Their word were a great encouragement to me. (word 改为 words,注意其后的复数动词) (全国卷)(17) You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.“(month 改为 months,因 several 后要用可数名词的复数形式) (江苏卷)(18) but after class we become stranger at? once.(stranger改为strangers,由本行前面的we可知应该用名词复数) (全国卷)(19) You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet. place 改为places)(27)I had many wonderful experience ,but I also had a bad one .(吧 experience改为experiences ,次处指经历)三、模拟单句演练(1) Women live longer than men in most country.(2) The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time.(3) Its said that all the ticket have been sold out.(4) The children spend a lot of times watching TV.(5) I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday.(6) The flower in the park were all pleasing.(7) As the day went by, she became less anxious.(8) Computer are becoming more and more popular in the country.(9) Its one of the most interesting book that Ive ever read.(10) He made his first time visit to China when he was 18.(11) Hearing the news, the woman burst into tear.(12) He hasnt lived here long, but he has a great many friend here.(13) I was afraid she would have left for family when I got there.(14) Hes getting married next month and decides to buy some furnitures.(15) Theres a papers factory near our school.参考答案(1) country 改为 countries,因其前的most 意为“大多数”。(2) time 改为 times,many times 意为“许多次”。(3) ticket 改为 tickets,因它是可数名词,且受 all the 的修饰。(4) times 改为 time,因 time 表示“时间”时不可数。(5) peoples 改为 people,因 people 表示“人们”,本身是复数,其后不能再加词引导词的误加与漏用、将不是从句的东西误认为是从句而误加引导词等。二、真题单句归纳(1) In the last five years that theyve climbed churches, high buildings and television towers. (去掉 that,因此处的 in the last five years 为时间状语,其后无需用that) (全国卷)(2) Charles said, “As soon I see a really tall building, I want to climb it.(I 前加 as,因为 as soon as 为引导时间状语从句的引导词)(全国卷)(3) Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. (since 改为 when / if / whenever.从句意上看此处用 since 讲不通,改为 if / when / whenever 均可) (全国卷)(4) However, there are still some countries there people have shorter lives. (there 改为 where,where 在此引导定语从句) (全国卷)(5) in other places where you are limited to a certain number, of which some may be novels. (去掉 where,in other places 在此为地点状语) (全国卷)(6) in other places you are limited to a certain number, of that some may be novels. (that 改为 which,因介词后要用 which 来引导定语从句) (全国卷)(7) and whether you pay the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will write to you. (whether 改为 if,表示“如果”时,不能用 whether) (全国卷)(8) I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together. (去掉 when 或将 when 改为 that,因这里的定语从句中谓语动词(spent)缺宾语,故只能用关系代词 that或将其省略) (全国卷)(9) I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (where 改为 which,因此处要填关系代词作主语) (全国卷)(10) but it didnt matter that I would win or not. (that 改为 whether,whether 与 or not 搭配,表示“是否”) (全国卷)(11) I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. (as 改为 that,sothat为固定句式,其中的 that 引导结果状语从句) (全国卷)(12) In one class, I learned it rained. (it 前加why,why 在此表原因) (北京春季卷)(13) For example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put it in a secret again.(5) In the past few years when weve planted thousands of trees along the river.(6) At the airport where all the baggage must be examined.(7) He wrote me a letter and asked I was getting on.(8) She stayed in France for 10 years. Thats she spoke French so well.(9) Its really a beautiful place, where everyone hopes to visit.(10) It cost nothing. Anyone can get it unless he likes it.参考答案(1) his 改为 whose,whose 在此引导定语从句。(2) which 改为 where,where引导定语从句且在从句中用作状语;此题还可在staying后加in.(3) where 改为 which / that,也可去掉 where,因visit为及物动词,此处应用关系代词作其宾语(也可省略)。(4)第二个 I 前加 before,此句意为“过了好久我才又睡着”。(5) 去掉 when,否则全句没有主语。(6) 去掉 where,否则全句没有主语。(7) asked 后加 how,否则句意不通。(8) Thats 后加 why,否则句意不通。(9) where 改为 which,which 在此引导非限定性定语从句,且在从句中用作宾语(用作 visit 的宾语)。(10) unless 改为 if,否则句意不通。者或一个客人”)(6) The food was expensive and the service was good. (and 改为 but,此处意义发生转折) (全国卷)(7) Im the captain of our school team so with my fellow players weve won several games. (so 改为 and,表并列关系) (安徽春季卷)(8) My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes.(but 改为and,此处表示并列,而不是转折) (江苏卷)(9) So once youve started collecting seriously, you (So 改为 But,因为前后是转折关系) (年浙江卷)(10) Clever as she is, but she works very hard. (去掉but,因前面已有引导让步状语从句的连词 as(=though 虽然),千万不要受汉语句式“虽然但是”的影响,而重复用连词) (福建卷)(11) I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.(but 改为and,因为 teach / play 与 watch 是并列关系,而不是转折关系) (湖北卷)三、模拟单句演练(1) Do you want a bath at once, and shall I have mine first?(2) Are you going to clean your car before and after supper?(3) Hurry up, and youll be late for school.(4) She never said she was rich, and she was.(5) Mr Smith worked very hard so without any success.(6) Everyone asked me to go, but I went.参考答案(1) and 改为 or,or 在此表选择。(2) and 改为 or,or 在此表选择。(3) and 改为 or,or 在此表示“要不然”、“否则”。(4) and 改为 but,but 在此表示转折。句中的 she was 为 she was rich 之省略。(5) so 改为 but,此处语意转折。(6) but 改为 so,so 在此表示因果关系短文改错考点解析:非谓语动词一、考点规律分析短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要涉及不定式符号 to 的有无,介词后该使用动词的什么形式(用动名词),并列结金太阳新课标资源网构中几个非谓语动词是否一致,动词用作主语时用何种形式(可用动名词或不定式,但不能用动词原形),-用-ing还是-ed分词作状语,定语和表语二、真题单句归纳(1) David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near improve health all over the? world. (improve前加to,to improve为表目的的不定式短语) (全国卷)(8) you pay the cost of send a postcard, the librarian will write to you. (send改为sending,因为介词后接动名词作宾语) (全国卷)(9) and let you to know when the book you want has returned (去掉 know 前的 to,因为其前有动词 let) (全国卷)(10) I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays. (have改为having,因为介词后接动名词作宾语) (全国卷)(11) I had always wanted return to the village after moving away. (return前加 to,因为 want 后要接不定式) (全国卷)(12) It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. (drove改为 drive,因为 drive 与其前的 to meet 并列,此处的 drive 为省略 to 的不定式) (全国卷)(13) I look forward to hear from you soon. (hear改为 hearing,因为其前的 to 是介词) (全国卷)(14) Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit. (第一个play改为 playing,因为动词原形不能用作主语) (全国卷)(15) I was often a little tired after a days work and watch TV demands very little effort. (watch改为 watching,因为动词原形不能用作主语) (全国卷)(16) Id like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning. (come 前加 to,因为 would like 后接不定式) (北京春季卷)(17) Ill spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for it. (prepare 改(24) But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports. (go 改为 going,因为动词原形不能用作主语) (安徽春季卷)(25) children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. (read 改为 reading,因为介词后要接动名词) (年北京春季卷)(26) to make children to want things that they dont really need.(去掉 want 前的 to,因为 want在此用作使役动词 make 的宾语补足语) (年北京春季卷)(27) Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English. (talk 改为 talking,因为动词 enjoy 后要接动名词作宾语) (全国卷)(28) Shake her head, she said, “It isnt a good time to do that, dear.” (Shake 改为 Shaking,现在分词表伴随) (江苏卷)(29) Its like going to a huge library without have to walk around to find your books. (have 改为 having,介词后用动名词作宾语) (广西卷)(30) I am thinking of making a trip to London, and visit the British Museum and some parks. (visit 改为 visiting,因visit与making并列,作介词of的宾语) (四川卷)(31) I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts.(giving 改为 given,“把某物给某人”是give sth to sb;句中records与give是被动关系,故用过去分词)(32) I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls. (give改为giving,因它与standing并列,作dream of的宾语)三、模拟单句演练(1) In those days we were forced work twelve hours a day.(2) Its very difficult for a foreigner learn Chinese.(3) It was silly of you believe what he said.(4) He was made wash the bosss car once a day.(5) Ill let you to know as soon as I hear from her.(6) I waved to her but failed attract her attention.(7) I have already seen the film twice. I dont want see it any more.(8) What I want know is when all this happened.(9) It was clear that he wanted be alone.(10) Most children are interested in listen to stories.(11) Walk quickly is difficult for an old man.(13) Be careful in cross the street.(14) The film is very interesting. It is worth see twice.(15) Find work is very difficult these days.(16) Most of us students enjoy ask questions in English.(17) Look, some of my classmates are practising speak English over there.(18) Teach a child to sing and dance is very interesting.(19) Learn to speak English is more difficult than to write it.(20) My friend Jim is very good at making things and repair things.(21) He decided to go to the south, find a good job and living there.(22) It was very kind of you to buy us some much fruit and seeing us at the station.(23) Excuse me, would you to tell me the way to the zoo?参考答案(1) work 前加 to,此句为 force sb to do sth 的被动形式。(2) learn 前加 to,此句用的是 its difficult for sb to do sth 句型。(3) believe 前加 to,此句用的是 its silly of sb to do sth 句型。(4) wash 前加 to,make sb do sth 中的 do 不能带to,但若 make 用于被动语态,则其后的 do 要带 to.(5) 去掉 to,因为 let 后用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带 to.(6) attract 前加 to,fail to do sth 意为“未能做某事”。(7) see 前加 to,want(想要)后接动词要用不定式。(8) know 前加 to,want(想要)后接动词要用不定式。(9) be 前加 to,want(想要)后接动词要用不定式。(10) listen 改为 listening,介词后接动名词作宾语。(12) Walk 改为 Walking,用作主语要用动名词,不用动词原形。注意不能将 walk 视为名词,因为其后有副词修饰语 quickly.(13) cross 改为 crossing,介词后接动名词作宾语。(14) see 改为 seeing,worth 后接动词要用动名词形式。(15) Find 改为 Finding,用作主语要用动名词,不用动词原形。(16) ask 改为 asking,enjoy 后接动词作宾语要用动名词形式。(17) speak 改为 speaking,practise 后接动词作宾语要用动名词形式。(18) Teach 改为 Teaching,用作主语要用动名词,不用动词原形。(19) Learn 改为 Learning,用作主语要用动名词,不用动词原形。(20) repair 改为 repairing,因它与 making 并列,一起用作介词 at 的宾语。(21) living 改为 live,因它与其前的 go to, find 并列。(22) seeing 改为 see,因它与 to buy 并列,see 为省略 to 的不定式。(23) 去掉 tell 前的 to,因 would you 后应接动词原形,不接不定式短文改错考点解析:缺词一、考点规律分析与多词错误的情形相似,缺词也主要涉及英语中一些“小”词,如冠词、介词、不定式符号、人称代词、动词 be等。具体说来,漏词错误可能涉及的问题有:不及物动词后接宾语时漏加必要的介词,在该金太阳新课标资源网带不定式符号to的地方漏加 to,在单数可数名词表示泛指意义时漏加必要的限定词(尤其是漏加不定冠词),漏掉表特指的定冠词,(6) There is public library in every town in Britain. (public library 前加 a,因这里的 public library 是单数可数名词表泛指,故在其前用 a) (全国卷)(7) In some places you may borrow many books as you want. (many 之前加 as,因此处为as as 结构) (全国卷)(8) and let you know when the book you want has returned. (returned 之前加 been,因从句意上看,此处用被动语态) (全国卷)(9) I had always wanted return to the village after moving away. (return前加 to,因为 want 后要接不定式) (全国卷)(10) I told Mother, Father, Sister, all my friends here what a great time I had. (all 前加 and,表示并列关系) (全国卷)(11) They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. (eager 前加were,因此处缺谓语动词) (全国卷)(12) Id like to your pen-friend, and get to know more about your country. (to 后加 be / become,因 would like 后接不定式,根据句意此处应补 be / become) (全国卷)(13) What your favourite sport? (what 后加 is 或将 What 改为 Whats,此句缺谓语) (全国卷)(14) We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. (instead 后加 of,instead of 为复合介词,在此表示“而不是”) (全国卷)(15) Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team. (captain 前加冠词 the,captain 为特指) (全国卷)(16) I was happy with any programme but the others spent a lot time arguing(a lot 后加 of,因 a lot 不能直接修饰名词) (全国卷)(17) Ill take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday. (wonderful 前加 a,该表达与 have a good time 类似,其中的 a 不可省) (北京春季卷)(18) Id like very much come but I had an examination on Monday morning. (come 前加 to,因为 would like 后接不定式) (北京春季卷)(19) The day before the speech contest(比赛) English teacher talked to me. (English 前加 my,teacher 为单数可数名词,前面要限定词) (全国卷)(20) In one class, I learned it rained.(it 前加why,why 在此表原因) (北京春季卷)(21) But then there is always more mysteries look into. (look 前加 to,此加 it,showed 在此作及物动词,后面缺少宾语) (全国卷)(28) When I was boy, the most exciting thing was to celebrate the Spring Festival. (boy 前加 a,因 boy 为可数名词) (江苏卷)(29) You can find all kinds information in just a few minutes on the Internet. (kinds 后加 of.all kinds of 意为“各种各样的”) (广西卷)(30) discover an interest which can even last lifetime. (lifetime 前加 a,指人的一生是 a lifetime) (浙江卷)(31) She stopped look out of the window and find a cloud of smoke coming out of her neighbors house. (look 前加 to.因为“停下来去做某事”是 stop to do sth, 不定式作目的状语) (福建卷)(32) Ten minutes later, the firemen came and put out fire. (fire 前加 the,因这是特指的一场火灾) (福建卷)(33) As we all left homeat early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life (early 前加 an,at an early age 意为“在年幼时”) (天津卷)(34) I often dream of a teacher. (a teacher 前加上 being 或 becoming,根据后文的内容看来,作者不是梦见老师,而是自己梦想“成为”一名教师) (湖北卷)短文改错考点解析:形容词与副词一、考点规律分析短文改错对形容词与副词的考查主要涉及形容词和副词比较等级的误用(尤其是在本身已是比较级的词前误金太阳新课标资源网加more)、形容词与副词的混用(如修饰动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词)等,另外,用作表语时该用形容词的却误用了名词、简短副词(如 in, down 等)的误加与漏用、涉及形容词搭配的asas 结构、how 与 what 的混用等也是常考的考点。二、真题单句归纳(1) After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. (frightening 改为 frightened,因它表示某人感到害怕,而不是令人害怕) (全国卷)(2) Charles said, “As soon as I see a realy tall building, I want to climb it. (realy 改为 really 或 real,若改为 really,则修饰 tall;若改为 real,则修饰 building) (全国卷)(3) Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the taller building in New York. (taller 因 much 不能用来修饰形容词的原级,尽管它可用来修饰比较级和最高级) (全国卷)(10) Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (wonderfully 改为 wonderful,因它是放在名词前作定语) (全国卷)(11) First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉 more,因从上下文看,这是第一次给对方写信,不存在谈谈“更多情况”的问题) (全国卷)(12) I used to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interesting 改为 interested,be interested in 意为“对感兴趣”) (全国卷)(13) Also, the sport teaches us the important of obedience. (important 改为 importance,teach 后可接名词或代词作宾语,但不接形容词作宾语) (全国卷)(14) Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunate 改为 Unfortunately,因此处要求用副词作状语) (全国卷)(15) I think I liked those classes because I felt that they helped me understand what the world works. (what 改为 how,how 在此表示方式) (北京春季卷)(16) After learning the basics of the subject,? nothing else seemed very practically to me. (practically 改为 practical,此处用形容词作表语) (北京春季卷)(17) Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. (去掉 often,因句中的whenever 与 often 意义重复) (全国卷)(18) What things are in other homes, I wonder. (What 改为 How,句意为“不知其他家庭的情况是怎样的”) (全国卷)(19) For instance, one night he played strong and loudly music till four oclock in the morning. (loudly 改为 loud,与 strong 并列作定语,修饰 music) (北京春季卷)(20) But he is difference now. (difference改为different,即用形容词作表语) (北京春季卷)(21) The time passes quickly. Evening came down. (去掉 down,要表示“夜幕用形容词) (年广西卷)(28) Yes, a concert can be very excited. (excited改为exciting,表示某事物是“令人兴奋的”用exciting;表示某人“感到兴奋”才用excited) (四川卷)(30) Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby which is both interested and fun. (interested 改为 interesting,指某事物是“令人有趣的”,用interesting,表示某人“对感兴趣”时,用interested) (浙江卷)(31) She called 119 immediate. (immediate改为immediately,用作状语,要用副词) (福建卷)(32) However,? we seldom felt lonely or helplessly. (helplessly改为helpless,在系动词felt后作表语,要用形容词) (年天津卷)三、模拟单句演练(1) Ill try to be more carefully next time.(2) China is much more bigger than the United States.(3) There are few boys than girls in our class.(4) He says that skiing is much exciting than skating.(5) The more money you make, the most you spend.(6) He found someone was following her, so she felt frightening.(7) It was real very dangerous. You might have injured yourself.(8) In fact, we finished the work without any difficult.(9) Look at the asleep boy. How lovely!(10) The fish tastes well; why not have a try?(11) Last week was very rain. I didnt go out the whole week.(12) The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.(13) I promise to return back before 10.(14) The book contains much use information. Its well worth reading.(15) This is quite far the mostly expensive bicycle in the shop.(16) The workers warm welcomed us at their offices.(17) Oh, its simply wonderfully to see you here!(18) She is in more health now than she was last year.参考答案(1) carefully 改为 careful,用形容词作表语。(2) 去掉more,more 不能修饰比较级。(3) few 改为 fewer,注意句中的 than.(4) 将 much 改为 more,或在 much 后加more,此句涉及 skiing 与 skating 的短文改错考点解析:冠词一、考点规律分析短文改错对冠词的考查主要涉及冠词的误加和漏用,有时也考查不定冠词与定冠词以及零冠词的用法区别金太阳新课标资源网(包括 a 与 an 的区别)。其中,涉及最多的是,当一个单数可数名词表示泛指时,其前漏用不定冠词;另外,冠词在一些习语中的用法也是一个重要考点。二、真题单句归纳(1) After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. (a 改为 an,因 hour 读音以元音开头) (全国卷)(2) I decided to climb the tree
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