2020高考英语考前冲刺Ⅱ专题01 书面表达分类指导

2020考前冲刺英语专题01 书面表达分类指导 一 日 记日记是用来叙述一天生活中发生的有意义事件的文体，特别是那些具有教育意义或值得今后回忆、查阅或参考的事情。日记的素材应是最有趣或最有感受的一些事情。通常用用记叙文或简单的议论文体裁。字数不宜过多。格式：一般是在左上角记上当天的日期(年、月、日)，星期；右上角写上当天的天气情况。下面一行可以写上日记小标题，也可以不写标题。时态：日记记叙的时间，通常是在当天的下午或是晚上，特殊情况下也可以第二天补记。因此，所用的时态多为过去时态。但应灵活掌握；如记叙天气、描写景色，或为了描写生动，议论某事、对话引语等，也可使用现在时。类型：日记可分记事、议论、描写及抒情等。记事型是用英语记述当天自己生活、学习中发生的事情。议论型是对生活中的某一事情或情况、现象谈自己的看法，发表议论。描写型、抒情型，则是对某人物、事物的特征做细致的描述，或针对某事物抒发自己的感情。日记一般按事情发生的先后顺序记述，所以有时需要借助一些表示先后顺序的词语。如：at first, then, later on , afterwards, soon, finally, at last 等。范文April 9th, Sunday FineIt is Sunday today. I didnt get up as early as usual. In the morning after I finished my homework, I did some washing. Then I called Wu Gang and invited him to see the film “Lion King”. But unfortunately when we got to the cinema at two oclock in the afternoon, we found all the tickets had been sold out. Then we went back to school to play table tennis. After this when we were about to go home, we saw our English teacher Ms Liu at the school gate. She told us that we had made great progress in English this term. She suggested that we should do more reading and listening. We promised her that we would take her advice.二 书 信书信格式一般格式英文书信的构成可分为7个部分：信头(Heading)日期(Date)收信人姓名及地址(Inside Name and Address)称呼(Salutation)信文(Body of the letter)结束语(Complimentary close )署名(Signature)(1)信头(Heading)信头是指发信人的单位名称或地址。一般情况下发信人只需把自己的地址写(打字，手写均可)在信的右上角，离开信纸的顶头约1英寸，占二三行或四行均可，格式如下：齐头式256 West Nanjing StreetNanchang, Jiangxi ProvinceChina 缩进式Henan RoadShanghaiChina注意：写地址的次序与中文不同，应先写门牌号码街道，然后城市和国名。写地址时间书信签名之后，这是很多学生的常见错误。精选范文POBox 2089Beijing, ChinaSep. 7th. 199986 Bright RoadManchesterEngland12 Mar, 1999(3) 收信人姓名及地址(inside Name and Address)写信人的地址和日期写好以后，接着就要写收信人的姓名和地址，一般的事务信件或给较生疏的朋友的信件要写，而在给较熟的朋友的信中则可省去。这一项写在日期下一行的左上角。收信人姓名写一行，收信人地址可分两行或三行写，和写信人的地址一样，上下可取面一般是用逗号，但也有用冒号的。现归纳如下：对父母、兄弟、姐妹等；a. Dear Father,b. My dear Mother,c. Dear Sister,d. Dear Tom, 对亲戚：a. My dear Auntie.b. Dear Cousin,c. My dear Cousin, 对朋友、同学a. My dear friend,b. Dear Mr. Jackson,c. My dear Mr. Jackson, 对未婚女子：a. Dear Miss Luce,b. My dear Miss Luce, 对一般妇女，不论是否结婚：a. Ms.b. Dear Madame, 对已婚生子：a. Dear Mrs. Helen Jackson,b. My dear Mrs. Helen Jackson, 对公司、工厂、学校等：a. Dear Sirs,b. Sirs,c. Gentlemen,(5) 信文(Body of the letter)信文是信件的主体部分，也就是信的内容。正文应在称呼下两行开始。信的开头第一个字母通常和称呼开头第一个词平齐。也有往后退四个或八字个字的。下面介绍一些开头语和结尾语。开头语 相当于中文的“敬启者”。a. I beg to inform you that b. I beg to take this opportunity to inform you that c. I have the honor to address you that d. I write in a hurry to inform you that e. I have the pleasure to tell you that f. Im very much delighted to inform you that 相当于中文的“接读某月某日来信，一切知悉”。a. I thank you very much for your letter of May 20th b. Your letter of May 20th has been received with thanks.g. Wishing you every success,h. Wishing you a pleasant journey,i. Wishing you a happy New Year,采用介词短语，句末用逗号，不用句号。例如：a. With best regards,b. With kind regards to your family,c. With best wishes to you and yours,d. With best wishes for your success and happiness,e. With best wishes for your success in your new field of work,f. With best regards and wishing you all success,g. With warmest regards,h, With best regards to you and your family,i. With the seasons greetings, 采用完整句子：句末用句号。例如：a. We are waiting for your good news.b. I hope to receive your early reply.c. We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Yours ever,给亲戚朋友的信常用：Love,All my love,Your(ever) loving son/daughter/cousin, etc.Your affectionate nephew,Yours lovingly,Lovingly yours,(7)署名(Signature)下面是署名的例子：个人署名：Yours truly,W. J. Watson公司署名：Yours faithfully,Legend Computer CompanyWang LinSales Manager精选范文 生日贺信Dear Bob,Tomorrow is your birthday. I imagine your family is planning a celebration for you. I write this letter to offer you my heartiest congratulations and best wishes for many returns of the day.With my sincere wishes for your success, 圣诞节及新年贺信Dear Mary and Helen,A Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to you! Allow me to offer you Season Greetings. May the New Year will bring you a bright and prosperous (繁荣) future.My families who are well and happy, join me in my good wishes.Yours very sincerely,Barbara感谢信 申请信(申请作为研究助理)Dear Sir,Im a graduate student in the Physics Department of Qinghua University.Recently I read that you are hiring an assistant to do research on solar physics. As you can see from my resume (简历)，I have had experience in this field. Im very interested in your project and hope to work with you. My telephone number is 83745102.Thank you for your consideration. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.道歉信范文256 Weeton roadHong Kong7 th June, 2000Dear David,I am very sorry that I could not meet you last night. I hope that you did not wait too long outside the New York Theatre. I had to look after my small brother until my mother returned home. She spent a long time at the doctors and she arrived home very late. I am all the way to the bus stop, but I had already missed the bus. And so I decided to get on a train and I arrived at the New York Theatre at eight oclock. I didnt think that you would still be there because It was three quarters of an hour late. I do hope that you will forgive me.Anyway, how about next Friday?Love,Sue这类信件一般包括三个部分：1)道歉(apology) 2) 叙述原因或问题(reason/problem) 3)后果及解决办法(consequence + offer of solution)。范文是比较典型的致歉信。Sue首先在信的开头向David 为昨晚未能按时到剧院见他表示道歉。然后叙述昨天未能准时到剧院的原因，结果晚8点才赶到剧院，迟到了45分钟。Sue 以为David已经走了，没有见到他，最后一句“How about next Friday?”提出下周五再见面的解决办法。三 启事1遗失启事以Lost作为标题放在启事的上方正中。在Lost 的右下角处写出遗失启事的时间。启事的正文包括遗失物品，遗失的时间、地点，若有人发现遗失物品送交的人、地点。启事正文右下角写上失主的姓名，Loser 可写可不写。2招领启事以Found作为标题放在启事上方正中。在found的右下角处写上招领启事的时间。启事的正文包括招领的物品。拾到物品的时间及丢失者去认领失物的地点。启事正文的右下角写上登这一启事的单位。遗失启事LostSeptember 1, 2000I was careless and lost a green school bag in the dining-hall on the morning of 21 st of August. Inside were an English textbook, a workbook, a dictionary and a key to my bike. Will the finder please send it either to the monitor of Class 3, Senior Grade 3 or to myself? Many thanks to the finder. Our classroom is in Room 303, Building 2.Zhao Meng(Loser)失物招领启事FoundJune 8th, 2000A wallet was found yesterday afternoon, inside of which there is some money and other things. The loser is expected to come to the Office of Senior Grade 2 to identify it.The Office of SeniorGrade 2四 通知通知是一种常用应用文体，用来把有关事情告知特定的读者或听众。通知的正文就是通告的内容，这是主体部分，包括通告的对象、事由、时间、地点等。它分为书面通知和口头通知两种，这两种通知在格式上有较大差别。书面通知的常见形式有一般通知、布告、海报等。它们一般张贴在布告栏或黑板上。通知的正文上方有Notice (或全部大写NOTICE)或Announcement (或全部大写ANNOUNCEMENT)为题目。以海报形式出现时，通知常以海报内容为题，如Lecture, Football Match等。当然题目中还可以出现发通知的单位，如Student Union Notice, English Department Announcement，通知题目要求居中打印、书写，有时为了强调，甚至可以以粗体形式出现。书面通知一定要有发通知时间及落款。出通知的时间一般写在通知正文的下方左角，落款于右下角，当然时间及落款也可都写右下角。书面通知的正文一般用第三人称来写。时间、地点、参加者、内容、注意事项是通知的要点，应直截了当地一一予以说明。我们既可以用包容量较大的长句，也可以用简明的短语，前者正式，后者易懂易记。在正文中切忌添枝加叶的评论。一般情况下通知以段落形式出现，海报则按信息分行居中书写或打印。口头通知一般不用写题目，也不必有出通知的时间。发布口头通知首先说明被通知的对象，在正文前面有呼语且顶左格写，如：Ladies and gentlemen, Boys and girls 等等。为了引正听者的注意，需另起行不顶格写一些引人注意的话，如：Be quiet, please! May I have your attention? Attention, please! 等。口头通知要口头发布，因而可以用较随意口语体，如：Ill, Ive等。口头通知在结束时要有结束语，这是因为口头通知需要用一些语言表明通知的起止，如用Thats all. 表示通知到此为止宣布完毕。另外结尾处还需要一些如Thank you. 一样的客套语。口头通知的一些常用的开头语和结束语。开头语Be quiet, please! Attention, please!Listen, please.APlease be quiet, everyone.Please stop talking over there!May I have your attention, please!Please be quiet, everyone, There is something I have to tell you.BBe quiet, please. There is something you need to know.Listen, please. There is going to be结束语Any questions?Does everyone understand?Thats all. Thank you.不论是口头通知还是书面通知都是宣布即将发生的事情及其具体内容，因而多用将来时态，其中往往有一些注意事项，一般用祈使句来强调。通知的语言要简洁明了，条理清晰，要求精确，特别是时间概念很重要，必须写得十分明确，不容丝毫含糊。会议通知题 材你班决定在下周三(5月15日)下午3：30在你班教室召开会议，讨论如何学习英语。目前在西北轻工业学院任教的史密斯教授将应邀在会上讲话。今天是5月11日。请你写一个通知，要求大家准时参加。词数：70左右。范 文A Meeting to Be HeldNoticeA meeting to discuss how to learn English is to be held in our classroom on next Wednesday May 15th, 1999, at 3:30 p.m.The discussion is very interesting. At the end of the meeting, Professor Smith working at the Northwest Institute of Light Industry will give us some useful advice.All the students of our class are expected to be present on time.May 11, 1996Class 1, Grade 3 庐山郊游通知题 材假如你是高三(2)班班长，你班要在5月4日即下星期六去庐山郊游。请你拟一份通知，准备向同学们宣读。内容包括：1、郊游日期：5月4日，下星期六；2、主要内容：攀登比赛、摄影等；3、早餐后8点坐校车出发，午餐自带，下午3点回校；4、欢迎全体同学参加。凡参加者先登记并交给班长5元钱。注意：通知词数约70120。要求意思连贯。范 文An Outing to LushanAn AnnouncementClass, please be quiet. I am glad to tell you that we have decided to have an outing to Lushan next Saturday, May 4th. The expense is about five yuan. Those who wish to go should put down the names on this piece of paper and give the money to me. We will go by school bus which is to start after breakfast at 8:00 a. m. and come back to school at 3:00 p.m. Remember to bring your lunch with you.Well have a contest of climbing the hill and take photos there. All the students are welcome. Thats all. Thank you.MonitorClass 2 of Senior Grade 3某中学将有一位美国教授布菜克博士来访，该教授将给师生们作一次报告，介绍美国的教育情况。学校要求同学们在星期三下午2：30准时到105大教室参加报告会，并带上笔记本，以便会后讨论。请你根据上面要点，用英语写一通知。(字数：80左右)参考词语美国教授American professor有关教育的报告a report on education作笔记to take notes讨论to have a discussionNoticeAn American professor, Dr Black will visit our school this Wednesday afternoon. He will give us a report on the education in America. Everyone is supposed to be in Room 105, the big classroom exactly at 2:30 p.m. Wednesday. Please bring your notebooks with you and take notes while listening to the lecture, so that we can have a discussion about it after it is over.假如你是班长，通知你班同学本周星期六晚上7：30在本班教室举行一次英语晚会，节目有唱歌、朗诵、讲故事、话剧等，要求本班同学都参加，欢迎外班同学光临，请同学们作好准备。(字数：80左右)参考词语朗诵recitation节目programme (或program)欢迎to be welcomed 由于便条的以上两个特征，便条在形式上具有以下特点：（1）简化书信格式。便条既不用信封，不写收信人与发信人地址，也不写结尾问候语。不详细写明年月日，而只写星期，或日月。由于时间大多发生在一两天内，常常要写明上、下午或钟点。日期可写于正文右上角或末尾署名之下，没有很严格的限制。（2）简化称呼及签署。便条多用于相熟的朋友、同事或家人之间，称呼用语应亲切、随便，不可过于正式。如可用Mary, Dear Johnson等等。署名也可以只写姓或只写名。因为即使公务便条，也多用于同一部门，大家相互熟悉，笔迹也容易认读。（3）语言通俗而口语化。便条形式随便，语言也应通俗。要尽量避免用大词和过分正式的句子。如尽量用：“Just a line to tell you that”而不用“This is to inform you that”，用“put off ”而不用“postpone”。句子的结构尽量简单。例如： 你到一个叫李英的同学家，通知他一件事，碰巧他不在家，你给他留了张便条，内容如下：a. 明天的课将推迟到本星期六下午2点，因为明天你要参加劳动植树，上午7点在校门口集合出发。b.前天你把雨伞落在他家房子的前门外，请他明天上课时替你带来。8.10Aug.10Li Ying,Tomorrows class will be put off to Saturday. Instead, well take part in the labourplanting trees. Well gather at the school gate and start off at 7:00 a.m.I left my umbrella at the front door of your house the day before yesterday. Please bring it to me when you come to school tomorrow.Thank you very much.Yours,Wei Ping六 介绍地点place. There are green hills and clear water around it. Trees grow everywhere; a river flows in front of it . Duck swim in the pools; cows bellow (哞哞叫)in their sheds. Occasionally you can hear a dog bark or a cock crow (喔喔叫).这段文字通过生动的描写，向我们展示了一幅乡村的自然美景图。同时，它又激发了我们心中对乡村生活的想象和向往。最后，要注意语言的准确性，遣词造句不可过分渲染或模棱两可，要简洁、明白。尤其要注意方位词的准确运用。常用的方位词或词组有：to the right (在右边)，to the left (在左边)，north (北)，south (南)，east (东)，west(西)，front (前面的)，back (后面的)，above(在中间)，in (在里)等，要注意这些方位词及它们的一些常用搭配的运用。南极洲题材请根据下面表格，以“南极洲”为题写一篇短文(词数80110)。名 称南极洲位 置地球的最南端(extreme south)面 积大约14万平方公里气 候世界上最寒冷的地方，常年有冰雪覆盖自然资源企鹅(penguin)、鲸(whale)、铁、煤等人口只有科学工作者范 文AntarcticaAntarctica, which is the coldest continent in the world, lies in the extreme south of the earth. it has an area of about 140,000 square kilometers. It is covered with cold thick ice and deep snow all year long. But it is a very rich continent. It has many well-known animals such as penguins, whales and it is also rich in mineral resources including iron, coal and so on. Up to now only some visiting scientists live there. maybe one day lots of households will live there.七、介绍事物一、抓住事物的特征介绍事物，一定要抓住事物的特征，所谓特征，就是人或事物所具有的独特的地方。只有把握住事物的独特性，并以此来展开说明或描述，才能把要说明的对象说清楚。你想描述的任何事物都有其特征。比方说，我们拿起一支铅笔，仔细地观察它，就会注意到它的颜色、形状、长度、锐利程度以及硬度等。也许你的作文以“This pencil is of normal size and shape.”开头，接着你就描写这支铅笔所具有的与众不同的特点。这种写作方法尤其适用于描写大家所熟悉的而又具有新的、与众不同的特征的事物。再比如下面一段文字：“去年，妈妈从北京给带回一套西服，质地上乘，做工考究，可棒了。”“质地上乘，做工考究”的服装很多，这几个字并未把这套西服的特征说清楚，因此不会给我们留下什么印象。总之，介绍一件事物，要考虑从哪方面着手才可抓住事物的具有代表性的特征。二、要遵循一定的顺序写任何文章都要做到条理分明。介绍一件事物，目的是上让读者清楚地了解事物本身的特点、性质以及用途等，因此更需要条理清楚。我们可以按以下三类顺序说明事物：1、时间顺序，即按事物的发生、发展的先后顺序进行说明。2、空间顺序，即按事物空间位置的顺序，由上至下，由近及远或由里至外地进行说明。3、逻辑顺序，即按人们认识事物的规律进行说明，如由概括到具体，由整体到部分，由现象到本质，由表及里，由原因到结果，由主要到次要，由特点到用途等。三、选用恰当的方法说明事物，我们常采用以下方法；1、定义法。定义法的目的是让不知此事物的人对此物有一个起码的了解，以利于下文的展开。如：A thermometer is an instrument used for measuring temperature. 就是对thermometer下了一个定义。有些事物也许不好下个明确定义，但我们可以交待这个事物的背景，来源，或列举出它的一些典型特征，以便让读者明白。这类事物可以是术语，也可以是外国人所不了解的中国的传统事物，如龙舟节等。2、举例说明法。举出具有代表性的此句冗长，不够简洁，应改为：The electric car was designed for safety. 除讲究语言平实准确的前提下，我们还可以运用描写的方法，来增添文章的可读性。例如在写题目为“My Pencil Box”这一文章时，若写成“I have a pencil-box, which was given to me by classmates as a birthday present. On it are three little bears. Inside are my pencils, a rubber and a pen-knife.”这样的表达是不是显得干巴巴的，毫无情趣？若能对三只小熊憨态可掬的形象加以描述，则会给读者留下深刻的印象。另外，在介绍事物时，语言易流于单调，若插入传说、趣事，或引用诗文、成语，或运用比喻、拟人、反问等修辞手段则可使语言生动形象，引人入胜。(1)、家用电脑题 材家用电脑体积小，价格低，造型优美，简单易用，使用方便，灵活；可用于计算，记事，打电话，打印信件；儿童可用它来学英语，做游戏。你通过家用电脑能学会怎样使用微机，为将来找工作提供便利；电脑工作比人快数倍；我们已经得到了电脑的巨大帮助。请根据以上内容写一篇介绍家用电脑的说明文。要求：1、短文需包括以上全部内容，但不可逐条翻译；2、词数为120左右。范 文The Family ComputerThe family computer is small. Its price is not high, and it has a good look. It can be used easily. You can use it to calculate, make notes, call others and type letters, etc. Also, children can learn English or play games with it. Besides, you can use a family computer as a training computer. You can learn how to use an office computer, which will give you convenience to find a good job in a company. Computers can work hundreds of times faster than human beings. We have been greatly helped by computers.(2)、茶题 材就题目“茶(Tea)”写一篇120词左右的短文。内容包括：1、饮茶源于中国，现已遍及全世界；2、中国有许多世界名茶。用不同的方法加工茶，可生产出红茶(black tea)，绿茶，花茶(scentedtea)保健茶(tea)等；3、饮茶已成为我们生活的一部分。饮茶可以使人保持大脑清醒，解除疲劳。茶里的营养成分(nutritious elements)以及微量元素(trace elements)可以使人健康。范 文TeaTea drinking originated in ancient China and has spread all over the world. China grows several kinds of the world famous tea. By using different ways to treat and process tea, the Chinese can produce black tea, green tea, scented tea, medical tea and the like.Tea drinking has become part of our life. In China, there are tea houses where people talk to one another, tell stories and play chess while drinking tea, People drink tea to refresh the mind and get rid of tiredness. Tea has nutritious elements and trace elements, which can make people healthy.Tea drinking will become more and more popular.注 释 originated v. 起源 process v. 加工 tea houses 茶馆八 叙述事件记事记叙文，就是以记叙事件为主，通过事件表达思想内容的文章。事件有它自身的发展过程，因此，记事的记叙文要说清楚事件发生的时间、地点，事件所涉及的人物、事件的起因、经过和结果。因为叙述的事件都是过去发生的，因此文章的时态主要是过去时。但在插叙时，要用过去完成时，下面着重谈一谈记事记叙文写作中应注意的一些问题。一、明确中心思想和写作目的我们写文章总是为了反映一个问题，也就是说在写作前就应该知道写作的目的是什么，想反映怎样的主题。并且，每篇文章都有其中心思想。因此在写作时应对文章的中心思想非常明确，情节的描写、人物、对话的叙述，遗词造句都应围绕中心展开。二、精心选材作者应在初步编排素材的基础上，选择生动有趣而又紧扣主题的典型事例，避空洞笼统与主题无关的夸夸其谈或事例堆砌。例如“A Spring Outing”一文章的作者想反映的是当代中学生热情向上的人生态度和锐意进取、不屈不挠的斗争精神。他没有从唱歌、跳舞、做游戏等方面选材，而是紧紧围绕主题，从山路陡峭，同学们互帮互助，不畏艰险等方面选材，有力地突出了所要表达的中心思想。三、选择写作角度叙事记叙文写作一般可以从第一人称或第三人称两个角度来写，如果用第一人称，叙述生动具体，会使读者产生身临其境的感觉，增强故事真实性。其缺点是只能交代出“我”目光所及和“我”心中所想，叙述范围受到限制。而用第三人称写，则不受上述限制，但要将不同的情节连接起来，却比较困难。写作时，应视具体情况选用恰当的人称角度。四、恰当安排写作次序最简单的叙事顺序是按情节发展的先后次序叙述即“顺叙”。但有时为了更好地突出主 (then)副词等，只有灵活地交代要素，文章才能生动。六、叙事要详略得当叙事要根据中心的需要来确定详略，对最能表达中心的要详写，其他的则略写。以“The Merchant of Venice”为例，作者要着力表现的是Portia的机智勇敢和Shylock的贪婪凶残，因此，作者把叙事的重点放在法庭上，而对其他细节则一笔带过，这样就疏密有致，浓淡相宜，文章和谐匀称，主题突出。七、叙事要写好人物及对话叙事离不开写人，因此叙事记叙文中一定要注意写好人物，表现出人物的性格特征。而语言又是思想的载体，因此，文中适当地用直接引语不仅起着刻画人物性格的作用，而对事件的发展也有一定程度的推动作用。因此在写叙事记叙文时必须注意人物和对话的描写。另外，在应试作文中还要注意以下几点：1、写好开头。如果第一句话就有问题，必须会影响评卷人的印象分。2、初学者少用复杂句，以免使句子混乱。3、选词要准确，词语搭配要得当。4、内容要完整，应就事论事，不要画蛇添足，节外生枝。（1）春 游题 材根据提示，用英语描述一次春游。内容：1、时间上星期四； 2、地点长山； 3、上山的路，行走困难；4、同学们互相支持； 5、终于登上山顶； 6、返回范 文A Spring OutingLast Thursday we went to Changshan for our spring outing. We reached the foot of the hill at 9 a. m. After having a short rest, we began to climb. There was no road but stones and bushes. We had to make a way by ourselves.With the help of the grass, we moved on. While walking, the strong students helped the weak ones. After some time, we were all tried. How we wanted to have a rest, but we couldnt stop. We walked on. At last, we got to the top of the hill.On the top of the hill, we laughed and jumped. It seemed that we were the happiest people in the world. We took some photos there, and then sat down and had something to eat.At 3 p. m. we began to go down. We wished the spring of our country would be with us forever.九、如何改写、缩写等缩写是在保留原文体载、题材、主要内容、结构顺序，人称角度的前提下概括原文内容、压缩篇幅使之成为一篇内容简明、语言简练、中心突出的短文。缩写时须把握的一个原则是：我们要对原文内容高度概括，而不是对原文内容的改写或评论、议论，因此切不可添加自己的主观看法、发表议论。如果上一原则不可随意加，那么与此相关的另一原则是不可随意减。缩写时一定要准确完整地把握原文，主干枝叶分清楚，有关主题的主干切不可任意肢解删减，我们要删去或简写的是无关大局的细节，切不可随便摘取其中部分要点了事。缩写要注意语言。首先，要在准确理解原文的基础上，对原文要点用自己的话进行改写(paraphrase)，不要在原文中生硬摘取连缀成句。如一篇原文中有这样的描写：We moved out of the city slowly behind a long line of cars, but at last we came to a quiet country road and after some time, stopped at the lonely farm这么长的句子说明了一个事实：路上出游的车很多，得过很久才能找到一个安静的地方。我们可用自己的话表达原句：There were a lot of cars on the road so it took us a long time to find a quiet place. 或We spent so much time finding a quiet place, for there were so many cars on the road. 其次，缩写语言要简练。我们可以将多个简单句变成一个紧凑的复合句。如：Newton thought about so many problems that he was often absentminded. he fre