2020高考英语考前冲刺Ⅲ专题07 非谓语动词

2020考前冲刺英语专题07 非谓语动词 【高考预测】1.非谓语动词的类别和句法功能2.非谓语动词的时态和语态3.非谓语动词的固定搭配非谓语动词逻辑主语的表达形式和否定形式4.非谓语动词是历年高考考查的重点和热点。然而从对近几年的高考题分析来看，命题者更趋向于对非谓语动词和谓语动词的选择的考查。一来可以考查到学生掌握非谓语动词的用法,同时也可以考查到句式结构，也就是运用语言的能力了。今后的试题中应该还是热点。请看典型例题典型例题题的考查情况。【易错点点睛】易错点点睛 1 非谓语动词类别和句法功能1.(2020精选模拟)I think youll grow him when you know him better.A.liking B.to be like C.to like D.to be liking【错误解答】 A【错解分析】 动词grow有“达到做某事的程度或地步”的含义，后面常接不定式。按照前，则用动名词的完成式。显然，这里不符合完成式的含义。【正确解答】 D3. The flowers sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt【错误解答】 A【错解分析】 从四个选项的设置来看，本题考查不定式和分词作定语的区别。分析题干可知，smell这里应当是连系动词，后接形容词作表语，所以不能用被动形式，可以排除C和D。主语出the flowers与非谓语动词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，而且强调的是目前的状态，现在分词符合。【正确解答】 B4. “We cant go out in this weather,” said Bob, out of the window.A.looking B.to look C.looked D.having looked【错误解答】 D【错解分析】 句意是Bob说话时的伴随动作，那么是现在分词用作伴随状语了。此时6.(2020精选模拟) The repair cost a lot, but its money well .A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending【错误解答】 C【错解分析】 前文意为:修理花了很多钱。表明动作已经发生，过去分词作定有完成被动的含义。【正确解答】 B【特别提醒】非谓语动词句法功能的注意事项:不定式1.介词后的动词不定式只限于作介词except和but的宾语，此时exceptbut意为“除了，除去”。其主要搭配有:can but + 动词原形;只能、只得cannot help(choose)but + 动词原形:不能不do nothing but + 动词原形:只做There is nothing to do but + 动词原形: 只有做have no choice but to do:只有做例如:The last bus having gone, I could do nothing but go home on foot. (省略 to)I cannot choose but tell him the truth. (省略 to)She could do nothing but leave. (省略 to)I have no choice but to cry. (不能省略to)2.不定式在使役动词have，let，make以及感官动词see，look at，watch，notice，observe，hear， listen to，feel后的宾补，不定式符号要省略，但这些句子变为被动结构时，就必须 He is not a man to tell lies. ( 主谓关系 )There will not be enough space to stand in on the earth. ( 动宾关系 )Here is some paper for you to write on.The boy has a nice pen to write with.We found a way to solve this problem (in).通常使用不定式作定语的情况有:(1)不定式表示将来；(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或shall，should， would，can，must，could等情态动词。例如:He sat down to have a rest. (表目的 )He woke up to find everybody gone. (表结果)Im very pleased to hear from him. (表原因，主要是表示喜、怒、哀、乐)To look at him, you cant help laughing. (表条件，谓语动词含有can)He was too excited not to say a word. (表程度)He is old enough to go to school. (表程度)过去分词、不定式和现在分词的被动式作定语的区别:这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作发生的时间上的区别。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前或是没有一定的时间性；现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。例如:The bridge to be built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (将要修建的)The bridge being built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (正大修建的)The bridge built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (己经修建了的)Have you read the novel written by Dickens?He is a teacher loved anti respected by all students. (没有时间性)Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the young men. (表正在)The question to be discussed at the Sunday meeting is very important. (表将来)在英语中，表示“感觉状态”的动词现在分词和过去分词形式作表语和定语时，现在意:make不能接现在分词作宾补。例如:I heard her sing a Chinese song jut now. (表示主动，完成)I heard her singing a Chinese song when I passed by her room last night. (表示正在进行)I heard the Chinese song sung many times. (表示被动)The captain got/have the soldiers moving to ward the front after a short rest. ( 不能用make)I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (表示状态)I was surprised to find my hometown changed a lot. (表示完成)2.动词leave后接三种形式作宾补时，表达的具体含义是“使处于某种状态”。例如:It is wrong for you to leave the machine running. (主动，正在进行)The guests left most of the dishes untouched. ( 被动，完成)My workmate left, leaving me to do all the rest work. (主动，将来)My workmate left, leaving all the rest work to be done. (被动，将来)过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别:1.一般来说，过去分词表示被动完成的动作，现在分词表示主动进行的动作。例如:Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like a man.Seeing the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown.2.现在分词的被动一般式表示正在进行的被动动作，过去分词表示被动完成的动作。独立主格结构是分词短语意义上的逻辑主语，通常由名词或代词来充当，放在分词之前。因为没有实际的主语和谓语，独立主格结构不是句子，一般放在句首或句末，充当时间、原因、方式等状语。例如:Winter having come, its getting colder and colder.The homework finished,the child went home.His leg badiy hurt,he had to stay in bed.Time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace.She lay against the wall,the sun shinning upon her.从例句可以看出，独立主格结构中分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语是两个不同的人或物，因此，分词前的名词或代词不能省略。独立主格结构也可以由“withwithout + 名词或代词 + 分词、不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语”构成。例如:The boy stared at the teacher, with his mouth opon.With his parents away, the boy became naughtier.The teacher came into the classroom,with a book in her hand ( = book in hand).She sat still, with her eyes closed. ( 被动,状态)She sat still, with her eyes looking at the ceiling. (主动,正在)With you to help me , I could do it better. (主动，将来)With a lot of problems settled , the mayor went to have a holiday. (被动，完成)With a lot of problems to be settled , the mayor has a hard time. (被动,将来)垂悬分词作状语垂悬分词是现在分词一种特殊用法，其逻辑主语是句子非主语部分中指人或物的某一名词或代词，或泛指“我们”。例如:Searching along the street, it had taken him along time to find a clinic. ( searching 的逻辑主语是句中him 所指的人)Walking or sleeping, this subject is always in my mind. (walking or sleeping 的逻辑主语是 A. hearing B. to hearC. heard D. to hearing答案: B解析:be pleased to do sth.4 Ill thank you _ my affairs alone.I will. It is none of my business.A. to have left B. for leaving C. to leave D. for having left答案: C解析:这里不是thank you for(doing)sth.结构，是谢谢的前提。易错点点睛 2 非谓语动词的时态和语态1.Is Bob still performing?Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official.A. to have left B. to leaveC. to have been left D. to be left【错误解答】 C或B【错解分析】 从句意判断，动作leave后有already修饰，应当用完成式；其逻辑主 【正确解答】 B3.(2020精选模拟) I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year.A. follows B. followedC. to follow D. being followed【错误解答】 A【错解分析】 本题很容易误选A，把它动作谓语动词。句意是“今天我送你100美元，这里the news repoaers与tell之间是被动关系，所以不定式中用被动形式。【正确解答】 B【错误解答】 C5.(2020精选模拟) The old man,_ abroad for twenty, years, is on the way back to his motherland.A. to work B. workingC. to have worked D. having worked【错误解答】 C【错解分析】 根据后面on the way back的提示，可以知道work这一动作已经结束，and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separated B. Having separatedC. Having been separated D. To be separated【错误解答】 A或B【错解分析】 从题意看，澳大利亚与其他大陆分开有很多年了，动作发生在谓语动如:I havent got a key to unlock the door.(to unlock the door的逻辑主语是a key)(2)不定式所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和主语构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。例如:I havent got a book to read(I为不定式的逻辑主语，a book为不定式的逻辑宾语)(3)不定式作宾语形容词的状语，和句中的主语构成了逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式多用主动，实际上形容词后省略了for one或for people。例如：The book is difficult (for me) to understand.He is hard ( for me) to work with.(4)在there be结构中，如果考虑必须有人去完成某事时，用主动；如果强调事情本身【变式探究】1 There is no doubt that hiking is good for the retired couple, but it remains whether they will enjoy it.A. to see B. seeing C. to be seen D. seen答案: C解析:不定式和逻辑主语是被动关系。2 _ in 1963,and in Philadelphia,Charles Petti grew so impressed his teachers that he was sent to Barklee School to study Jazz.A. Being born; having raised B. Bom; raised C. Was born; was raised D. Born; raising答案: B解析:没有强调时间的先后。3 I regret you John has been fired.I can hardly believed my ears. He is such a fine workerA. telling B. having toldC. to tell D. to have told答案: C解析:在谓语动作之后发生。4 Manager, do you have something _ at this moment?No, thanks. Ill call you if any.A. to be typed B. to typeC. typing D. typed答案: A解析:强调事情本身必须完成。易错点点睛 3 非谓语动词的固定搭配1.(典型例题庆)What should I do with this passage?_ to the main idea of each paragraph.A. Finding out B. Found outC. Find out D. To find out【错误解答】 D【错解分析】 如果理解成表示目的的不定式就会误选D。根据语境是回答对方的问题 【正确解答】 C3.(2020精选模拟)My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills.A. for me taking B. me takingC. for me to take D. me to take【错误解答】 C有困难”。【正确解答】 D5. He looked around and caught a man_ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be puttingC. to put D. putting【错误解答】 A【错解分析】 习惯用语catch somebody doing something意为“偶然撞见某人正在做某事”。2.下列动词或动词短语后面能接动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：forgetrememberregret to do忘记记住后悔去做某事forgetrememberregret doing忘记记得后悔已经做过某事stop to do停下来接着做另一件事stop doing停止做一件事mean to do意欲、企图做某事mean doing意味着做某事go on to do做完某事接着做另一件事go on doing继续做同一件事try to do努力、试图做某事try doing尝试着做某事3.有些短语作状语是固定结构:judging from, generally/ frankly/ honestly/ strictly speaking, considering (that). (考虑到), supposing/ providing (that). (假如),seeing ( that ). (既然,由于) , to tell you the truth, to make things worse,to begin with(首先，第一)。例如:Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner.Tuning to the left, he saw a bus passing.Considering everything, he did a good job.Seeing (that) she is lawfully old enough to get married, I dont see how you can stop her.【变式探究】1 I lost my way in complete darkness and, _ matters worse, it began to rain.A. made B. having madeC. making D. to make答案: D解析:to make matters worse是固定搭配，意为“情况更糟糕的是”。2 The result was not made until last Sunday.A. to know B. knowing C. known D. to be known答案: C易错点点睛 4 非谓语动词逻辑主语的表达形式和否定形式1.I really cant understand _ her like that.A. you treat B. you to treatC. why treat D. you treating【错误解答】 A或B【错解分析】 本题题干相当于I really cant understand why you treated her like 主语的关系，排除B；句意是“没有完成编程”的动作发生在have to stay动作之前，所以用完成式【正确解答】 C3.Victor apologized for _ to in form me of the change in the plan.A. his being not able B. him not to be ableC. his not being able D. him to be not able【错误解答】 B【错解分析】 动名词的否定形式是由not+动名词构成的，动名词的复合结构由物主Would you mind me/ my opening the window?(宾语)They ali thought Toms/ Tom going there a great mistake. (宾语)Is there any hope of their team winning the game? (无生命)【特别提醒】非谓语动词的逻辑主语也就是非谓语动词的动作执行者。在不定式中，逻辑主语是of或for的 介词宾语，或是句子的主语，或是句子的宾语。例如:It is important for us to work hard.(to work is important.只能用for)It is kind of you to help me to clean the room.(you are kind.只能用of)We want to go with you to have a picnic.Little Tom liked to be taken to the cinema.I want the report to be typed as quickly as possible.The manager asked me to type the report as quickly as possible.动名词的复合结构在句中作主语时，其逻辑主语必须是形容词性物主代词或名词的所有格；作宾语、表语时，其逻辑主语是形容词性物主代词、人称代词、名词的所有格或普通格；无生命名词或有生命的名词表示泛指时，必须用名词的普通格或人称代词的宾格。例如：Toms coming surprised all of us (主语)His not attending the meeting made the manager very angry.(主语)Would you mind me/my opening the window?(宾语)They all thought Toms /Tom going there a great mistake.(宾语)Is there any hope of their team winning the game ?(无生命)I have never heard of women landing the moon.(有生命，但表泛指)分词作状语时，其逻辑主语和主句的主语是一致的，如果不同则要用到独立主格结构形式(见上文)。例如:Being a student, you must study hard.When crossing the streets you must be careful.If heated to high temperature, ice can change into water.3 _ a replay, he decided to write again.A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received答案: C解析:不定式和动名词的否定是对整体的否定，所以否定词在之前。【难点突破】非谓语动词是历年高考考查的重点和热点。然而从对近几年的高考题分析来看，命题者更趋向于对非谓语动词和谓语动词的选择的考查。一来可以考查到学生掌握非谓语动词的用法，同时也可以考查到句式结构，也就是运用语言的能力了。今后的试题中应该还是热点。请看 典型例题典型例题题的考查情况。1 _ in a white uniform , he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A. Dressed B. To dressC. Dressing D. Having dressed【解析】 非谓语动词所暗含的主语是he，相当于状语从句When he is dressed in a white unifonn，因此填系表结构dressed【答案】 A2.The storm left, a lot of damage to this area.A. cansed B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused【答案】 A5.English has a large vocabulary, hasht it?Yes. _ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known【解析】 现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随状态。【答案】 B6.Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage the gift and took her away, _ into the woods.A. seizing. disappeared B. seized. disappearedC. seizing. disappearing D. seized. disappearing【解析】 由and连接两个或两个以上的并列结构时形式上要一致，即seized the girl and took her away要一致，所以先排除A和巴后面的动词应用非谓语动词形式出现表示结果。【答案】 D【变式探究】1 If the project _ by the end of this year is delayed, the construction will be fined.A. to be completed B. is completed C. being completing D. completed答案: A解析:这里是非谓语动词。不定式作定语表示将来。2 We do hope we can be of some help, doctor.Thats great! _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A. Give B. To give C. Giving D. Given答案: A11 p.m.A. staying out B. stay outC. from staying out D. to stay out答案: D解析:只是forbid sb.to do的被动结构，unless从句插入其中。2 When you have finished reading the novel, you will tlnd the heroA. a person too perfect to be not trueB. a too perfect person to be trueC. too perfect a person to be not trueD. too perfect a person to be true答案: D解析:考查“too+形容词+名词”的结构。3 How close parents are to their children a strong effect on the character of the children.A. to have B. hasC. having D. have答案: B解析:how引导的是主语从句，故用谓语动词， 单数。4 _ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.A. If walking B. When one is walkingC. To walk D. Walking答案: A答案: C解析:spend time in doing sth.变为强调句型来强调repairing.8 Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns ont.A. adding B. to have addedC. to add D. added答案: D解析:前半句所设空格是with引导的复合结构， phone与system是被动关系。9 nice, the food was sold out soon.A. Tasted B. TastingC. To taste D. Being tasted答案: B解析:nice是形容词，所以taste是连系动词，用现在分词。10 Hearing the news, he rushed out, _ the book on the table and disappeared into the distance.A. left; lain open B. leaving; lying openC. leaving; lie open D. left; lay open答案: B解析:考查“leave+宾语+宾补”的结构。11 Whom would you rather have _ to the market with you?A. go B. gone C. going D. to go答案: A解析:该句还原成：I would rather have Tom go with me.12 Beading the instructive book, _ .A. tears came to his eyes B. his eyes were full of tearsC. he burst into tears D. his eyes were filled with tears答案: C15 Are yousure _ the door before you left?Mum, not surely. Wed better go back to have a look.A. of locking B. to lockC. to have locked D. have locked答案: C解析:从后面的before you left可知be sure后应用不定式的完成式。16 It snowed heavily last night and there must be a lot of snow on Emei Mount.No, we found a little snow, as most of it seemed _ off the mountain.A. to have blown B. to have been blownC. to be blowing D. to be blown答案: B解析:动作在谓语动作之前，完成被动。17 Only _ according to the directions can the medicine be quite effective.A. takings B. takenC. being taken D. having been taken答案: B解析:作状语，与主语是被动关系，用过去分词。18 That gas pipeline project, in July 2220 and _in 典型例题ill be Chinas longest 20 This is a disease that can result in total blindness if left .A. untreated B. untreatingC. to be untreated D. to untreat答案: A22 Are all the tickets of the articles in the content?Yes, all .A. listed; included B. listing; includesC. listed; including D. being listed; being included答案: A解析:两处都表示被动，用过去分词。23 Reading English in the morning seems to me a rule .A. to never break B. never to be breakingC. never to be broken D. never to have broken答案: C解析:不定式做定语并且表示被动。24 Who told you the news?A man himself Lao Zhang.A. calling B. called C. call D. to call答案: A答案: A解析:第一空与sweating并列，第二空与 got up并列。27 at the station when it got dark, the passengers found there were no buses A. to be carried out B. carried outC. being carried out D. carrying out答案: C29 Have you received Jacks plan?Yes, but I dont think his plan is _ .A. worth being considered B. worthy to be consideredC. worthy of considering D. worth to be considered答案: B解析:考查worthworthy的用法。30 left before the deadline, it doesnt seem likely that John will finish the job.A. Though such a short time B. Because such a short timeC. With such a short time D. s such a short time答案: C解析:with such a short time left短语在句中作状语。31 is a difficult habit to break. A. Smoke B. Smoked C. Smoking D. To smoke答案: C答案: C解析:be dressed up as.意为“装扮成”。34 I know nothing about _ in the army.A. her having worked B. for her to workC. she working D. her having been worked答案: A解析:动名词的复合形式和时态。35 _ , we all went to each others home very happily.A. We had said goodbye B. Goodbye had been saidC. Goodbye having been said D. Saying goodbye答案: C解析:独立主格结构作状语。36 Everyone has his or her special skills and interests, and only _ we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference.A. discovering which B. discovering whatC. by discovering which D. by discovering what答案: D解析:考查“only+状语”结构的用法，要部分倒装同时缺少宾语，所以用what.37 Was it the conference of the APEC that made Shanghai the focus of the world then?A. holding B. to holdC. held D. having held答案: A解析:强调句型强调句中的主语holding。38 There was a terrible noise th