listening and reading

ListeningandReading,1.Listentothetapeandwritedownthemainideaoftheirdialogue:ThemainideaisthattherearetwoproblemsthatarchaeologistsaretryingtosolveinordertopreserveTerracottaWarriors.,Oneishowtoprotectthecoloursandtheotherishowtoprotectthestatuesagainstmoulds.,1.Whatisthefirstproblem?Whyisiteasiertosolve?,2.Listenagainandanswerthequestions.,Thefirstproblemishowtoprotectthecoloursoriginallypaintedontheterracottawarriors.Thisproblemiseasiertosolvebecausethescientistshavediscoveredanewchemicalprotectionwhichwillkeepthecolorsshiningbrightly.,2.HowdoestheterracottaarmyshowthepowerofEmperorQinShihuang?,EachterracottawarriorwasacopyofarealsoldierinQinsarmy.Itmusthaveneededatremendousamoutoforganizationtoproducethenumber,thesizeofthestatuesandallthisshowstheEmperorspower.,3.Whatcausedtheterracottawarriorstolosetheircolour?,Thechangeintemperatureandthesunlightwhenthewarriorswereexcavatedmadethemlosetheircolours.,4.Whyisitnoteasytosolvetheproblemoffortykindsofmould?,Thefortykindsofmouldaredifficulttotreatbecausetheyallneeddifferentkindsoftreatment.,3.Listentothetapeagainandfillinthechartbelow.,2,200yearsold,clay,8,000,Individualfaces,1.96metrestall,1chemicalprotection,Colorfaded,2newtreatmentsbeingdeveloped,Growthof40kindsofmould,MORENEWSABOUTTHETERRACOTFAWARRIORSAmandaPeterwantstofindoutabouthowtopreservetheterracottawarriorsfromherChinesefriend,ZhouLei(ZL),anarchaeologist.,LISTENINGTEXT,AP:Wheredidyougoforyourholiday,ZhouLei?ZL:Iwenttovisittheterracottawarriorsandfoundoutmoreabouttheresearchtopreservethestatues.,AP:Youresolucky!Idlovetogoandseethemverymuch.Makingfiguresthatare1.96meterstallisamazing!Theymustbesuchanimpressivesight.ItmakesyourealizehowpowerfulEmperorQinShihuangwas.,ZL:Yes,indeed.AndeachofthemhasanindividualfacesothatarchaeologiststhinktheymusthavebeenacopyofQinShihuangsrealarmy.Buteightthousandstatuesarealotofclayfigurestoprotectandtherehavebeenproblems.AP:Ohdear!Whatproblems?,ZL:Well,thefirstproblemishowtokeeptheircolors.Chinesearchaeologistshavediscoveredthatthestatueswerepaintedbeforetheywereburied.Buttemperaturechangedandsunlightsoonfadedthecolorsafterthestatueswereuncovered.,AP:Whydidthathappen?ZL:First,someofthembecamealittlebitsmallerwhentheydriedoutafterbeingexcavatedandthatmadetheircolordisappearquickly.Second,thedampinthetombalsoaffectedthecolorsbadly.Butnowluckilythescientistshave,discoveredanewchemicalprotection,whichwillkeepthecolorsshiningbrightly.AP:Thatswonderfulnews.ZL:Yes.Itsaverythinlayerofchemicaljellywhichwillpreservethevividcolorsofthesoldiersaswellasprotectthemfromthedamp.,AP:Thatsgreat.Sotheproblemssolved.ButImafraidthatthosestatuesthatlosttheircolorcantgetitback?ZL:Sadly,no.Butthisbreakthroughhashelpeddealwithanotherproblem.AP:Whatsthat?,ZL:Well,youknowthattheterracottawarriorswerediscoveredin1974.Sincethenthestatueshavesufferedmorethanfortydifferentkindsofmouldallcausedbydamp.,AP:Thatsoundsreallyserious.Ididntknowclaystatuescouldsufferfrommould!Didithappenbeforetheywereexcavatedorafter?ZL:Aftertheywereexcavated,dampenteredtheexcavationarea.Themouldsdevelopedquicklyandneeddifferentkindsoftreatment.,AP:Oh,howterrible!Canwedosomethingtocleanthewarriorsandmakethemsafe?ZL:Well,thisjellywillhelpprotectthemagainstsomemoulds.AP:Oh!Isthereanythingelsethatordinarypeoplecandotohelp?.(fadeout),AnswerkeyforExercise1:IthinktheancientEgyptiansbelieved:thespiritofonesbodywentonthejourneytotheafterlife.Theybelievedeveryonemustbetestedtoseeiftheyhadledagoodlife.,ListeningonPage81,1.Poorpeopledidnotburytheirdeadfamilymemberswithgoods.2.Bothrichandpoorpeoplepreservedthebodiesoftheirfamilymembersafterdeath.,F,T,TrueorFalse,3.TheancientEgyptiansbelievedthespiritsofdeadpeoplewenttotheafterlife.4.TheancientEgyptiansbelievedeveryonewasfirsttestedtoseeiftheyhadlivedagoodlife.5.Ifyouhadnotlivedagoodlife,youwentintotheafterlifeanyway.,F,T,T,6.TheGodAnubis(埃及神话中导引亡灵之神)ateyourspiritifyouhadledabadlifeontheearth.,T,1.Whattwothingsarethesameinthetwograves?Somegoods.Foodforthejourneytotheafterlife.,Answerthefollowingquestionsafterthesecond-timelistening.,2.Whattwothingsaredifferent?Manymoregoodsintherichpersonsgrave.Bodywaspreservedartificiallyinacoffinintherichgraveandnaturallyinthesandinthepoorgrave.,3.Whydidonepersontakesomanyartifactsandtheothersofew?Becausearichpersonhadmanymoregoodstotakewithhim/herthanapoorperson.4.Whatkindoflifedidtherichpersonwantintheafterlife?Thesameasinhislifetime.,Nowwritedownthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthebeliefsofrichandpoorpeople.,1.Theybothbelievedinlifeafterdeath.,1.Thereweremanymoregoodsintherichpersonsgravethaninthepoorpersonsgrave.,2.Theybothhadtheirbodiespreserved.,2.Therichpersonwasburiedinaspecialbuildingbutthepoorpersonwasnot.,3.Theybothhadgoodsinthegraveforthejourneytotheafterlife.,3.Therichpersonhadhelpforthejourneytotheafterlifebutthepoorpersondidnot.,INTERVIEWING“THEFATHEROFARCHAEOLOGY”WangWei,aChinesestudentisinterviewingProfessorFlindersPetrieabouthisworkinEgypt.,LISTENINGTASK,WW:Hello,ProfessorPetrie.CouldyoupleasetellmewhyyouwanttodigpoorarchaeologicalsitesinEgyptinsteadoflookingfornewtombsofEgyptianpharaohs?,FP:Isupposeitwasanaccidentreally.WhenIwenttheremostpeoplewerelookingfornewtombsofthepharaohs.Idecidedtoinvestigatethelifeofpoorerpeopleasnobodyelseseemedinterestedinthem!WW:Whatsortsofthingsdidyoufindout?,FP:WhatIfoundwasthatpoorerpeoplebuilttheirhouseswithmudbricks.Theyusedpotteryfortheircookingandstoringthings.Ialsofoundthatpoorpeopleaswellasrichpeoplebelievedinalifeafterdeath.,Theyburiedtheirdeadfamilymembersinthesandwithpotsfulloffoodreadytotakeonthejourneytotheafterlife.WW:Theyalsowantedtopreservethebodiesverywell.Whysthat?,FP:Becausetheybelievedthespiritofonesbodywentonthejourneytotheafterlife.Soitwasimportanttolookafterthebodycarefullyafteronewasdead.WW:Didyoufindoutanythingaboutthisjourney?,FP:Notfromthepoorerpeoplesgraves.ButwefoundthejourneypaintedonthewallsofthepyramidsofthepharaohsandtheinsideofthecoffinsofrichEgyptians.Laterrichpeo