高中英语 Unit17第一课知识精讲 北师大版必修6

高二英语Unit 17 第一课北师大版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Unit 17 第一课学习过程（一）一般现在时1. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作Tom often goes to school by bike.Class begins at 8 every morning.2. 表示某种永恒的事实或普遍真理The earth moves around the sun.The sun rises in the east.3. 表示现存的性质，特征或状态You see what I mean.I am glad to see you again.4. 表示按时刻表将要发生的动作。这种情况仅限于少数动词，如：come , go , leave , arrive , start , take off, close , open 等瞬间动词。The train leaves at 10 a.m.The film starts at 9:30 p. m .（二）一般过去时1. 表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状况，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：five years ago, last week , yesterday等。He graduated from No.1 Middle School in 1978.2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作状态，可与时间状语often连用。如：He often asked a lot of strange questions when he was a boy.3. 用于I didnt recognize, I didnt know 或 I forgot,表示事先没有认出，不知道或不记得，但现在已认出，已知道或已记得的事情。Oh, its you .I didnt recognize you at first.I didnt know you were here.Sorry ,I forgot to bring my money.4. used to +v.和would +v.均表示过去常常；used to 表示过去常如此现在不这样；而would不涉及到现在的情况。如：He used to go to work on foot. 他过去常步行去上班。（现在不步行，可能用其他方式）He would go to work on foot. 他过去常步行上班。（不知现在有此习惯）（三）现在进行时1. 表示此时此刻正在发生的动作。They are having a meeting now.2. 表示现阶段正在发生的动作。We are eating more meat now than we used to .3. 与always , constantly 等连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行。Comrade Tang is always thinking of others never thinking of himself.（表示赞扬）My younger brother is constantly losing keys.（表示不耐烦，责怪）4. 表示位置移动的词常可用进行时表示将来，常用动词有：come , go , leave , start , fly , arrive等。He is leaving for Beijing next month.（四）过去进行时1. 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间可用时间状语表示，也可由上下文暗示。He was watching TV this time yesterday.I was having breakfast at 7:30 this morning.2. 一般过去时与过去进行时的比较一般过去时表示动作已经完成，而过去进行时表示动作仍在继续。I read a book yesterday.I was reading a book yesterday.（五）现在完成时1. 表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与非延续性动词连用，常带有不确定的时间状语，如already, ever, never.His brother has joined the Party already.We have just visited the farm.2. 表示动作或状态在过去某时发生，一直延续到现在，常与表时间长度的时间状语连用，谓语动词常是延续性动词。I have taught English for 15 years.Where have you been all these days?3. 现在完成时可以表示过去的动作对现在来讲已成为经历或经验。We have all played with snow and ice.4. 表示到目前为止的一段时间里多少次或第几次做某事。He has been to Beijing several times.It is the third time that I have seen the film.5. 与since连用的句子常用现在完成时。I have lived in this house since I moved here.We havent seen each other since last year.（六）过去完成时1. 表示在过去某一时刻或动作前已经发生的动作或存在的状态，过去的过去是其特点。Max had leaned some English before he moved to London.2. 表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始并一直持续或延续到过去的另一时间，常与延续性动词连用，并带有for, since, by, when, until等表示一段时间或表示起止的时间状语。They had learned 3000 words by the end of last year.He said he had been in the Party for 10 years.3. 在包含hardly/ scarcelywhen, no sooner than 的句型中主句用过去完成时，从句用过去时。We had hardly/ scarcely left the house when it began to rain.No sooner had we left the house than it began to rain.4. 在含有由after, before引导的状语从句的复合句中，由于这类词本身的意义能够表示时间的先后关系，谓语动词常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。After he （had） finished his homework, he went to bed.5. 表示希望，想法，打算的动词用过去完成时表示过去未实现的事情。I had meant to help her, but I was too busy.I had thought that he died ten years ago.（七）现在完成时和一般过去时都表示发生在过去的动作。现在完成时表示过去发生的某动作对现在造成的结果或影响，强调是现在的情况，所以不能和过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在没有关系，可以和过去的时间状语连用。I have lost my watch.I lost my watch just now.-Has the train arrived yet?-Yes, it has.-When did it arrive?-It arrived 10 minutes ago.（八）现在进行时和一般现在时1. 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，一般现在时表示习惯性或经常性的动作。Where is he working at present?Where does he work?We often start work at 9:00.But for this month only we are starting at 8:30.2. 二者都可以表示现阶段的持续动作，但意义有别。现在进行时侧重于现阶段延续性动作，一般现在时主要是陈述现阶段的事实。They are studying English in a university.They study English in a university.（九）一般过去时和过去完成时前者表示过去的动作或状态，后者表示过去某时之前已经发生的动作或情况，是过去的过去。但当两个或两个以上动作连续发生时，可以不用过去完成时表示前一个动作。如果两个动作不按照时间顺序排列，先发生的动作用过去完成时。He arrived at the foot of the mountain yesterday.The play had started when we arrived.She took out the key, opened the door and turned on the light.He found the key that he had lost.【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）1. “I dont like to travel.” “Have you ever _ in an airplane?”A. flying B. flew C. flowed D. flown2.The center of gravity of the human body _ behind his joint.A. located B. locatingC. to locateD. is located3. “Today is very cold, isnt it?” “Yes, the river is _ over.”A. freezed B. freeze C. frozen D. freezing4. “What happened in that new area?” “New houses _ recently over there.”A. are built B. buildC. have built D. have been built5. “When did you go to work?” “As soon as they came, we _ to work.”A went B. were going C. had gone D. go6. “Did you wait for him very long?” “Yes, I _ to bed until five in the morning.”A. did goB. didnt go C. had gone D. went7. Perhaps it will be a long time _ from abroad.A. when Tom comes back B. when Tom will come backC. before Tom comes back D. that Tom comes back8.Tom _ mathematics throughout his college life.A. bored B. bored with C. was boredD. was bored with9._ that dress when I first saw you at the station?A. Were you wearing B. Have you wornC. Did you wear D. Do you wear10. Mr Wu _ to work by bus every day.A. has been travelingB. has traveled C. travels D. is traveling11.Dont disturb him. He _ to the weather forecast.A. listensB. is being listened C. has listened D. is listening12.My English teacher _ my test.A. has not yet graded B. has not yet been gradedC. is not yet to be graded D. is not yet graded13.We _ on it for many hours, but we have not yet reached any conclusion.A. are being worked B. are workingC. have been workingD. have been worked14.Shanghai _ on the Huangpu River.A. stand B. stands C. is being stand D. has stood15. “Tell the students to stop shouting. We _ our essays now.”A. write B. have been writing C. are writing D. have written16. “_ your best? Its not satisfactory. Im afraid you will have to do it again.”A. Do you try B. Have you triedC. Are you tryingD. Have you been trying17. Chinese married couple _ red packets to children and the unmarried during the Chinese new Year.A. give B. have been giving C. are giving C. have given18. My uncle, Sam,_ manager of the firm.A. has just made B. is just being made C. has just been made D. is just made19. This is the first time the students _ to Hyde Park.A. have gone B. have been gone C. have been going D. are being gone20. She _ her mothers work since she was admitted into hospital.A. is doing B. has been doing C. has done D. has been done21. I _ the incident as if it were yesterday.A. am still to remember B. have still been rememberingC. am being still remembered D. still remember22. I _ swimming in the river and I always _ to swim when I can.A. am liking/have gone B. am being liked/am goingC. like/go D. have liked/have been going23. We have sometimes accidents on this line, but no accidents _ since last winter.A. occur B. have occurredC. have been occurring D. are occurring24. He _ on this essay for twenty minutes but he _ only a hundred words.A. has been working/has writtenB. is working/writesC. has worked/has been writing D. works/is writing25. Elections _ every four years and Congress meets once a year.A. are taken place B. are to be taken placeC. took place D. take place26. _ careless, or you will make mistakes.A. Be not B. Not be C. Dont D. Dont be27. The No.8 bus _ to Chengdu college of Geology, and not to Sichuan University.A. are gone B. is being gone C. goes D. are going28. Oil, exported from Iran to Europe, _ by tankers.A. used to be transported/have been built upB. used to being transported/have built upC. was used to be transported/had been built upD. was used to being transported/will be built up29. If it _,the match will be postponed.A. has been rained B. does rain C. rains D. is rained30. As soon as I _ the tools, I shall begin with the work.A. have B. am having C. have been having D. have been had31. Once you _ the knack of it, you will have no further difficulty.A. shall have B. had had C. are having D. have32. Every time he _ me, he is rude to me.A. will see B. sees C. is seeing D. is seen33. John told Mary that he _ what he was doing during the vacation.A. was just asked B. was just askingA. had just been asked D. had just asked34. Now that you _ , what are you going to do?A. are being returned B. have been returningC. have been returned D. have returned35. I started my teaching career at the school. That was more than twenty years ago, and I _ there ever since.A. was B. had been C. will be D. have been36. Everything on the earth _ all the time.A. is changing B. is changedC. has changed D. has been changed37. We _ fine weather for the past few days.A. have B. are havingC. have been had D. have been having38. It _ every day so far this month.A. is raining B. rainsC. has rained D. has been rained39. no one can prove that the earth _ not round.A. is being B. is to be C. is D. has been40. “There she _! We neednt wait any longer.”A. comes B. has been come C. has been coming D. is to come41. The little girl _ by the drug-pusher to carry drugs into the country.A. was made use B. was made usedC. was made use of D. was made used of42. I shall tell you what he _ at three oclock yesterday afternoon.A. had done B. would do C. was doing D. had been done43. By the end of last year they _ 1,000 machines.A. turned out B. had turned outC. would turn out D. had been tur