高二英语词语规则精讲 人教版

高二英语词语规则精讲不定式、分词及名词统称为非谓语动词1、 作用：在句中起名词、形容词或副词作用2、 共同点：a.都不能单独作谓语，不受主句的的主语的人称和数的限制。b本身可带宾语或状语，构成短语，在句中起一定作用。c.都 有时态、语态变化。d.构成否定式时，not都加在前面。1、 动词不定式（1） 宾语A:在英语的动词中某些动词常以不定式做宾语，不能以其它形式做宾语，常 用的动词有wish hope expect promis decide pretend manage fail refuse want promise decide prepare plan demand agree dare begin would like 等。如：Would you like to have a cup of tea ?I did not dare to stop .I have decided to go to the countryside .B: 一些动词后面可以接特殊不定式做宾语。所谓的特殊不定式，就是在不定式前面根据句所要表达的意思，加上一个疑问词；这个疑问词通常是那不定式的状语或宾语，常用的动词有：know， think find out wonder 等。例I do not know who to ask .We found out how to do the workI am wondering wherther to tell him or not.(我搞不清该不该告诉他)C：特殊不定式用在双宾误， 不用于一般不定式的地方在于：它所表法的是能力、技巧、方式、消息等意思，而不是表示动作。因此，它基本等于一个名词，主要作用是担任宾语，另外它可用在几个能带有双宾语的动词后面， 担任直接宾语，其公式：动词+ 间接宾语（指人）+直接宾语（特殊不定式），但不定式担作宾语补足语和直接宾语容易混，试比较He taught me how to make model plane.He asked me to make medel plane.上句是直接宾语，下句是宾语补足误。再如： Please advise me what to (直宾+Please advise him to do that at once.(宾补)特殊不定式公式：动词+ sb (宾格)+疑问词+to do这样的动词有 show teach advise ask 等注意：这种特殊不定式，也可以用在介词后面当宾语，而一般不定式是不能的。He gave some advice on how to learn English .D：当担任宾语的不定式词组比较长，而它后面又还需 要一个补足语（为形容词或名词），这时用it 形式宾语，而把不定式放在全句的最后面。句型 ：主语+谓语+it 宾补（n.adj）+to do sthMarx found it important to study the situation in Russia .I felt it my duty to help him .二作宾语补足语（复合宾语）的不定式动词+宾语+补足语He asked the driver to stop the beastI begged him to go .如果就成被动语态，则：主语+被动语态的动词+主语补足语We know him to ve honest .He is known to e honest .三，作定语的不定式不定式作定必须放在所修饰的名词的事面，以下几种情况1，在 the+序数词the last ，the only +n 或最高级形容词+名词等词后， 常 用不定式作定语。She was the only one in our clas to pass this exam.她是我们班唯一考试及格的学生He is the best one to do the work.2，在动词have ,think of 后的不定式常作定语He has a lot of books to read.3，一些不定式做定语必须以介词结尾，动词不定式和前所修饰的名词构成一个介宾关系We had only a cold room to live in.He is the only man to learn from.Find me a desk to write on.四，作主语和表语的不定式（或：疑问词+to do ）How to get rid of these things is a gig problem .A big problem is how to get rid of these thing注：担作主语的不定式的，一般用it 做形式主语，不定式放在句末。It took him quite some time to find the elephant .五，作复合谓语的不定式有一些动词，后面固定要跟 不定式最常见的是：seem, happen, appear ,ableWe was able to write the book in English .The first blind man happened to place his hand on the elephantsside.六,做状语的不定式动词不定式作状语可以表示目的、方向、原因、方法、结果，结于谓语动词起着不可缺少的说明的作用。Well use what we have to get a new dress for you .The sixth blind man went forward to feel the elephant.Im glad to see you .I was surprised to see how well I understood.七，不定式的复合结构：for sbsth +to do sth这种结构作方语时，句式是：It is +adj +for sb to do sth注：如果句中作表语的形容词是表性格、特佂、品质的，常见的有 good nice kind clever stupid silly right wrong careless careful 等，用句型 It is +adj +of 否定则用It is+ adj +for sb.to do sth 句型It was not right for the South to break away from the union.It is difficult for me to finish the book in two days .It is selfish of you to think of yourself only.It was clever of the little boy to find his way home .八，不定式的主父老兄弟形式表被动意义的常 见场合：1：too +adj + to doThe apple is too sour to eatThe suitcase is too heavy to carry .The book is too difficult for a little boy to read.2:too +adv +to doHe walked too quickly to keep up with .He speaks too fact to understand. 或 to be understood.3:adj(adv) +enough ( 表结果 )to doIt is warm enough for us to swim.It is cheap enough to buy4:adj+to do 结构，此进to do可转作主语，这类形容词有easy hard difficult fit good nice heavy simpleThe book is difficult go read .The work is easy to do .5: 在 havewant get givefind lend+ 宾语+to do 的结构中， to do 作宾语， 其逻辑主是句子主语或间接宾。She has a lot of exercises to do (逻辑主语是)Give him something to eat .( 逻辑主语是 )9:不定式的被动形式不定式既然是个动词， 在句子里一般孝有意念上的主语，可称为逻辑主语， 当不定式的动作是由晕个逻辑主语发出的，那么它就应该是主动形式，否则用被 动形式， 但注意，担作定语的不定式，虽然意义是被动的，习惯上用主动形式的不定表示，这一点必须值的注意。He eanted to ve praised for that.10：不定式的完成时和进行时不定式的进行时强调动作在进行，完成时强调动作先于谓语动词发生常常用在情态动词后面A，情态动词+ be doing （多表推测）The monitor isnt in the challroom,but he might be reading in the library .He must have gone to bed .B,情态动词+have done（多表对过去推测，或动作已结束）The light in the teachers room is gone .常常用在 see ,happen, be said toldbelieved等后面They seem to be talking about something importent there.I happened to have remembered the answer to the problem.常 用在 be +表示情绪的形容词后面如 sorry ,glad ,sure等We felt very happy to have jpassed the exam.Im sorry to have kept you waiting.11：不定式省略 to的场合在感官动词see, watch ,notice, observe,gear, fell, look at ,listen to 等后作宾补的不定式省略We noticed the man go out of the room.The noticed the man go out of the room.但不定式是被动态时，to 不能省略The man was noticed to go out of the room.使役动词 let,h